摘要
在目前的软件开发中,建模已是软件分析和设计的重要部分,但在软件设计和实现之间却常常存在着不匹配的问题,主要因为模型是作为软件开发文档的角色出现,一旦涉及到具体的编码工作,模型通常会被开发人员抛在一边,同时在分析和设计阶段建立的模型也经常跟不上需求的变化。建模方法经过长期的发展,产生的一个重要成果是统一建模语言UML(Unified Modeling Language),而目前被开发人员广泛使用的是第二代图形建模语言UML2.0和BPMN(Business ProcessModeling Notation)。
本文对于UML2.0和BPMN进行了研究,发现其在软件建模时存在一定缺陷。一、UML本身与模型实现时的具体技术细节无关,在具体实践过程中UML只可以很好的描述模型的静态属性,对动态行为的描述不够充分。因此标准形式的UML只适合描述平台无关模型PIM(Platform Independent Model),而用它去描述具体的平台相关模型PSM(Platform Specialize Mode)时,需要对其进行相关扩展,这样UML的规模将变得十分庞大,使得学习和使用UML建模变得繁杂。二、对于另一种图形建模语言BPMN,发现其在描述模型时也存在着:不支持反应的行为、不支持复杂的交互行为、不适合描述许多应用中的包含关系等缺陷。因此其也不能对动态行为很好的描述。
本文针对UML和BPMN对于动态行为描述不够充分的缺点,以第三代图形语言DSC(Dynamic System Chart)为建模语言,根据MDA(Model Driven Architecture)理论设计DSB(Dynamic System Builder)图形开发环境的开发流程。结合Eclipse插件开发原理,使用GEF(Graphical Editor Framework)和EMF(Eclipse ModelingFramework)插件等技术开发DSB系统,以支持DSC的MDA开发,解决目前第二代建模语言在软件开发中存在的问题。
In the present software development, the modelling is the important part of software analysis and design. But the question that the design of software doesn't match realizing of the software frequently exists, because the model appears as the role of software development documents.Once involves to the work of specific coding, the model will usually be thrown by programmer. Simultaneously, the model which is established in the stages of software analyzing and design frequently cann't follow the change of demand. The modelling methods undergo the long-term development, and produce an important achievement called UML. UML synthesizes kinds of important modelling theories and methodology, and has provided a unified language for the software modelling.UML has been widespread used among analyzers and designers, which is accepted finally into the standard by OMG, and OMG proposes MDA that is taken as strategic direction in 2001.
But UML appears as the modelling tool, which has nothing to do with the concrete technical realizing of model. So long as the software developers grasp the method of UML expressing and processes of operation flow treating, they carry on the modelling of the system theoretically. Although UML can describe static attributes of model very well, it was not very full description to the dynamic behavior in the concrete practice process.Therefore the standard UML is suitable for describing PIM, but it needs to carry on the related expansion when it describes PSM. Although UML profile is convenience to the PSM modelling, it has actually brought another question: The UML scale becomes very huge. UML profile includes: restraint, structure and mark value after the process is expanded. UML profile is used in the specific application territory or the programming environment, which causes UML dialect.The different MDA tools has different indicates of UML, which study and uses the UML modelling very hard.
As another kind of graph modelling language BPMN.When it describes the models, the existing problems are: Don't support the response behavior and the complex interactive behavior, and it isn't suitable for describing many inclusion relations in application and so on. So it also doesn't describe dynamic behavior very well.
In view of shortcoming that UML and BPMN regards the dynamic behavior description insufficiently, this article uses third generation graphical language DSC that carries on the description. Simultaneously the DSB development environment is designed and developed to support the MDA development of DSC.
引文
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