摘要
安全稳定运行是水轮发电机组长期安全运行的重要保障,许多已经投入运行的水轮机组出现了较剧烈的机械振动,个别机组还出现噪声较大的现象。蜗壳导流板出现撕裂的现象也给机组的安全稳定运行带来较大的隐患,目前常见的解决措施是修复并增焊加强筋.本文采用有限元法对三峡水轮机组的蜗壳导流板进行静力分析和动力响应分析,着重对比加筋前后导流板上的位移和应力的变化和动力响应特性变化,检验增焊加强筋能否提高导流板抗撕裂的能力,为机组的振动研究和优化运行提供参考意见和科学依据。本文主要进行了以下工作:
1、应用有限元软件ANSYS结合实际数据建立水轮机组导流板加筋前与加筋后的模型,根据实际情况施加适当的边界条件。
2、用APDL语言编程计算,把给定的载荷数据通过插值计算的方式转换为模型上的载荷数据,并且将其分别加到加筋前与加筋后导流板的模型上去。
3、分别对加筋前与加筋后的导流板进行静力分析,查看模型的变形和应力;对结果进行分析、比较。
4、根据一些机组的实际运行所测得的数据,利用模拟的时间载荷对模型进行动力学分析,得到其动力响应特性并对其进行对比分析。
本文对三峡水轮机组的蜗壳导流板进行了计算分析,为水轮机组的蜗壳导流板振动研究和抗撕裂分析等方面提供了理论依据及参考意见,此外,文中载荷转换中的数据处理思想和计算方法也对其它编程计算和结构分析具有借鉴作用。
Whether the hydropower generator units can be running safely and stably is the safeguard of a long-term safety operation. Many running hydropower generator units have occurred the phenomenon of rather exquisite mechanical vibration; individual unit has appeared biggish yawp. The phenomenon of avulsion in flow deflector in spiral case also brought hidden trouble, the familiar settle measure at present is repaired and added weld strengthen ribbed.In this article, the work was based on the finite element analysis for the statics and the transient dynamic of the flow deflector in spiral case of the hydropower generator unit. The research is focused on comparing the change of the displacementand the stresses in the flow deflector in spiral case about added weld strengthen muscle former and back. Check up whether it can enhance it’s resist avulsion ability, provided reference idea and science gist for the vibration research and optimize run about the hydropower generator units.The outline of this article is as follows:
1、Establish the models of the flow deflector in spiral case of hydropower generator units added weld strengthen muscle former and back by ANSYS, and adding proper boundary conditions according to the actual case.
2、Using APDL language programme, basising on the insert calculate,conversion the knowed load date into the load on model, and then add it to model.
3、Accomplished static analysis of the model which added weld strengthen muscle former and back,examine the transmutation and the stress partly, analysis and compare the result.
4、According to the date gained in the running hydropower generator units,simulate the loade effect on the model and do the dynamic analysis for it,get the dynamical response characteristic,analysis and compare it.
The flow deflector in spiral case of the Sanxia hydropower generator units is analyzed. The results can provide reference idea and science gist for the vibration research and resist avulsion analysis about the flow deflector in spiral case of the hydropower generator units. Furthermore, the data processing idea and calculate method in load conversion can use for reference in other programme calculate and structure analysis.
引文
[1]姚志民.水轮机原理及水力设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 1991. 5~12
[2]常近时.水轮机运行.北京:水利电力出版社, 1983. 5~17
[3]史振声.水轮机.北京:水利电力出版社, 1992. 35~60
[4] Kanoglu M. Cryogenic turbine efficiencies. Energy, 2001, 1(3): 202~208
[5] Mich S. Exhaust gas turbine drive system for engine accessories. Environment International, 1995, 21(3): 110~123
[6]谷朝红,姚熊亮,陈起富.水轮机部件流固耦合振动特性研究.大电机技术, 2001, (6): 47~52
[7]王泉龙.浅谈水轮机振动的研究.大电机技术, 2001. No7: 12~14
[8]姚大坤,李至昭,曲大庄.混流式水轮机自激振动分析, 1998, 5: 43~47
[9]熊麒麟.水电站水轮机故障诊断专家系统.西华大学, 2001
[10]朱敏.水轮发电机故障机理及诊断方法研究.哈尔滨工业大学, 2001
[11]李启章.提高大型水电机组的运行稳定性.贵州水力发电, 2002.9, 16(3): 62～64
[12]田树棠.水力机械50年业绩与经验.西北水电, 2000, 3: 51～56
[13] Grigor'ev, V.I. Ways to increase the reliability and operating life of hydraulic turbine equipment when reconstructing hydroelectric stations. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 1996.10, 22(1): 112～116
[14] Kimmel、Hans. Speed controlled turbines for power recovery in cryogenic and chemical processing. World Pumps , 1997. 6, 369: 46～49
[15]郑永有,薛必银.混流水力机组振动分析.红水河, 2002, 21(2): 59～61
[16]李振富,赵小娜,王日宣.万家寨水电站机墩组合结构动力分析.水力发电学报, 2004.4, 23(2): 61～64
[17] S.Rigit.A. Performance investigation of a hydroelectric power station at Batang Ai-Sarawak. Fuel and Energy Abstracts. 1998.5, 39(3): 210 Al-Zubaidy
[18] Williams. Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydropower. Renewable Energy , 1996.12, 9(1-4) : 1227-1234
[19]崔建平.四川省马边波罗电厂水轮机运行稳定性问题研究.湖北省中小水电建设与管理学术研讨会2002: 162～177
[20]陈德新,周兵等.轴流转桨式水轮机振动的现场测试与分析.华北水利水电学院学报, 21(2): 23～25
[21]党小建,梁武科,陈千文.水轮机流固耦合振动研究的发展趋势.西北水力发电, 2004.3, 20(1): 15～18
[22]陈左一,霍福鹏,刘红.转子叶片在非均匀来流条件下的流体激振特性.发电设备, 2002, 2: 28～31
[23]王海.水轮发电机组状态监测、诊断及综合试验分析系统研究.华中科技大学,2001: 26～30
[24]邵奇,杨建明,刘树红等.三峡原型水轮机的非定常湍流计算和压力脉动分析.水电站机电技术, 2003年大型水电机组技术研讨会论文集, 48～51
[25]李郁侠,吴子英,原大宁等.基于传递矩阵法的大型水轮发电机组主轴系统非线瞬态响应数学模型[J].水利水电技术, 2002, 33(7): 60～65
[26]李苹,窦海波,王正.水轮发电机组主轴系统的建模及其非线性瞬态响应[J].清华大学学报, 1998, 38(6): 23～28
[27]梁权伟,王正伟,方源.考虑流固耦合的混流式水轮机转轮模态分析.水力发电学报, 2004.6, 23(3): 116～120
[28]于建华,魏泳涛.红岩子30MW贯流式水轮发电机整机动力特性及地震响应研究报告[ R].四川大学工程力学所, 1998: 212～224
[29]周晓泉,瞿伦富,吴玉林.水轮机蜗壳和固定导叶内部流动的数值模拟.清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 40(8): 93～97
[30]廖伟丽,李建中.水轮机蜗壳内流动的数值研究.西安理工大学学报, 2002, 18(1): 5～9
[31]田子勤,邵建雄,刘景旺等.三峡左岸电站水轮发电机组水力稳定性分析与现场试验. Hydropower, 2004: 51～55
[32]王海,孙建平,郑莉媛.中国大型混流式水轮机组真机试验研究. The First International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 556～563
[33] Alhazmy M. Najjar Y. Augmentitation of gas turbine performance using air coolers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2004, 24(2): 415~429
[34] Johnson, L.L. Improvement of natural gas liquefaction processes by using liquid turbines. Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 1998.1,39(1): 51～55
[35] Peter Lang、Egon. Numerical prediction of erosion on guide vanes and in labyrinth seals in hydraulic turbines. Wear, 1999.9, 233-235: 685-691
[36] Hydraulic bolting tools for wind turbines. Refocus , 2003.7, 4(4): 19～25
[37]刘尔烈,崔恩第,徐振铎.有限单元法及程序设计.天津:天津大学出版社, 2004.1: 1~5
[38]祁顺杉.结构分析的通用有限元法.中国科技信息, 2006, 21: 304~307
[39]曹连刚.水轮机转动部件组合结构有限元分析.东方电机, 1994.4: 17~27
[40]高秀华.结构力学与有限单元法原理.吉林科学技术出版社, 1995: 90~123
[41]王勖成.有限单元法.清华大学出版社, 2002: 1~12
[42]陆明万、罗学富.弹性理论基础.北京:清华大学出版社, 1990: 35~40
[43]杜庆华、余寿文、姚振汉.弹性理论.北京:科学出版社,1986.10: 43~46
[44]盛和太,喻海良,范训益. ANSYS有限元原理与工程应用实例大全.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.12: 5~7
[45]宋天霞.有限元法理论及应用基础教程.华中理工大学出版社, 1997: 22~29
[46]张亚欧,谷志飞,宋勇. ANSYS 7.0有限元分析实用教程,清华大学出版社, 2001: 30~126
[47]博弈创作室. ANSYS9.0基础教程与实例解析.北京:中国水利电力出版社, 2006
[48]李振富,赵小娜,王日宣.万家寨水电站机墩组合结构动力分析.水力发电学报, 2004.4, 23(2): 61～64
[49]周传月,邹经湘,闻雪友等.旋转对称结构振动特性计算的新方法.哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2000.10, 32(52): 24～33
[50]陈占发.混流式水轮机叶片裂纹原因分析及其处理工艺.水电站机电技术,2003大型水电站技术研讨会论文集. 34～38
[51]陈怀宁,王着昌.水轮机叶片裂纹的压应力防护技术. 2003年大型水电机组技术研讨会论文集. 23～26
[52]丁浩江,何福保等.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法(第2版).机械工业出版社. 6～7
[53]熊路.葛洲坝水轮机组结构的静力与动力分析研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2007
[54]杨怀刚.三峡水轮机组结构动力分析研究[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2004
[55] Fred L. Wind powered generator Solar Energy, 1996.8, 57(2): VIII Brammeier
[56] N.H.Costa、Borges, J.E. Study of the nozzle flow in a cross-flow turbine. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1996.3, 38(3): 283-302 Pereira
[57] Fasol, K.H. Stabilization and re-engineering of a hydro-electric power plant - a case study. Control Engineering Practice, 1997.1, 5(1): 109-115
[58]龚曙光,谢桂兰. ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.4
[59]王富耻,张朝晖. ANSYS10.0有限元工程理论与工程应用.北京,电子工业出版社, 2006.5,124～153
[60]邢静忠,王永岗,陈晓霞. ANSYS7.0分析实例与工程应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.1: 485～571
[61]陈传尧.疲劳与断裂.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2002.01:147～166