西咸新区降雨空间非一致性对内涝过程影响模拟研究
|
摘要
为分析降雨空间分布非一致性对城市内涝的影响,应用耦合了水文和水动力过程的数值模型,以陕西省西咸新区海绵城市部分核心试点区为研究区域,对不同重现期设计暴雨及离差系数Cv条件下的内涝过程进行模拟,并对内涝积水总量峰值、重度内涝积水总量峰值及其与均匀降雨情况下的内涝积水削减进行对比分析。结果表明:相比于空间均匀降雨,各重现期下空间分布不均匀的内涝积水量均会减少。各重现期下,Cv值越大,即降雨越不均匀,相比于均匀情况内涝积水削减量越大。当Cv值为0.07、0.11、0.15及0.2时,积水总量削减率分别为1.94%～2.05%,3.00%～3.17%,4.08%～4.23%,4.86%～5.15%。重度内涝情况下,同一Cv值,相比于均匀情况内涝积水削减量随设计降雨重现期变长而增多,当Cv=0.07、Cv=0.11、Cv=0.15、Cv=0.20时,削减率的范围分别为2.00%～2.51%、2.60%～3.82%、3.66%～4.98%、3.80%～5.83%。研究结果揭示了降雨空间分布非一致性对内涝的影响规律,为城市内涝防治工作提供了理论依据。
The effects of rainfall spatial inconsistency on urban flood inundation was investigated in this study with a numerical model under the conditions of designed rainstorm and uneven coefficient Cvfrom different return periods for the Xixian New Area,Shaanxi Province,China.Total volumes of peak waterlogging,volumes of severe peak waterlogging and their reduction rates under uniform rainfall were compared and analyzed.It is found that the waterlogging volumes under uneven spatial distribution decreases in each return periods in comparison with the spatial uniform rainfall..The waterlogging reduction magnitudes under uneven rainfall increases as the Cvvalue increases for every return period.,For example,when the Cvvalues are 0.07,0.11,0.15 and0.2,the reduction rates are 2.05%～1.94%,3.00%～3.02%,4.23%～4.08%,4.86%～5.10%,respectively.In the case of severe waterlogging,in comparison with spatial uniform rainfall with same Cv values,the longer the return period,the higher the reduction amount of waterlogging increases.For example,when the Cv value are 0.07,0.11,0.15 and 0.2,the reduction rates are 2.00% to2.51%,2.60%to 3.82%,3.66%to 4.98%,and 3.80%to 5.83%,respectively.The simulation demonstrates the effects of rainfall spatial inconsistency on urban flood inundation and provides a theoretical basis for urban flood management.
The effects of rainfall spatial inconsistency on urban flood inundation was investigated in this study with a numerical model under the conditions of designed rainstorm and uneven coefficient Cvfrom different return periods for the Xixian New Area,Shaanxi Province,China.Total volumes of peak waterlogging,volumes of severe peak waterlogging and their reduction rates under uniform rainfall were compared and analyzed.It is found that the waterlogging volumes under uneven spatial distribution decreases in each return periods in comparison with the spatial uniform rainfall..The waterlogging reduction magnitudes under uneven rainfall increases as the Cvvalue increases for every return period.,For example,when the Cvvalues are 0.07,0.11,0.15 and0.2,the reduction rates are 2.05%～1.94%,3.00%～3.02%,4.23%～4.08%,4.86%～5.10%,respectively.In the case of severe waterlogging,in comparison with spatial uniform rainfall with same Cv values,the longer the return period,the higher the reduction amount of waterlogging increases.For example,when the Cv value are 0.07,0.11,0.15 and 0.2,the reduction rates are 2.00% to2.51%,2.60%to 3.82%,3.66%to 4.98%,and 3.80%to 5.83%,respectively.The simulation demonstrates the effects of rainfall spatial inconsistency on urban flood inundation and provides a theoretical basis for urban flood management.
引文
[1]吴泽宁,申言霞,王慧亮.基于能值理论的洪涝灾害脆弱性评估[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(6):9-14.(WU Z N,SHEN Y X,WANG H L.Assessment of vulnerability to flood disasters based on emergy theory[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2018,16(6):9-14.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2018.0146.
[2]胡俊锋,杨月巧.基于气象水文要素的洪涝灾害损失评估[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(1):26-31.(HU J F,YANG Y Q.Flood and waterlogging disaster loss assessment based on meteorological and hydrological elements[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(1):26-31.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2014.01026.
[3]王远见,傅旭东,王光谦.黄河流域降雨时空分布特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2018,58(11):972-978.(WANG Y J,FU X D,WANG G Q.Precipitation variations in the Yellow River Basin of China[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2018,58(11):972-978.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.26.043.
[4]吴凯,王晓琳,许怡,等.中国大陆降水时空格局演变新事实[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(3):30-36.(WU K,WANG X L,XU Y,New facts about evolution of spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation over Chinese mainland[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(03):30-36.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.03.006.
[5]王刚,严登华,张冬冬,等.海河流域1961年-2010年极端气温与降水变化趋势分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(1):1-6.(WANG G,YAN D H,ZHANG D D,et al.Trend analysis of variations in extreme precipitation and temperature in the Hai River Basin from1961to 2010[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(1):1-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2014.01001.
[6]梁萍,丁一汇,何金海,等.上海地区城市化速度与降水空间分布变化的关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(4):475-483.(LIANG P,DING Y H,HE J H,et al.Study of relationship between urbanization speed and change of spatial distribution of rainfall over shanghai[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2011,27(4):475-483.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2011.04.005.
[7]刘钰,谭军利,李王成,等.银川市气候变化趋势及其与城市发展的关系[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(5):837-841.(LIU Y,TAN J L,LI W C,et al.Relationship between climate change and urban development in Yinchuan City[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2015,13(5):837-841.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.05.005.
[8]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中国城乡建设统计年鉴.2012[M].中国计划出版社,2013.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.Statistical Yearbook of Urban and Rural Construction in China.2012[M].China Planning Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[9]朱焱,杨金彪,朱莲芳,等.苏州城市化进程与城市气候变化关系研究[J].气象科学,2012,32(03):317-324.(ZHU Y,YANG J B,ZHU L F,et al.The investigation of the relationship between urbanization process and climate change in Suzhou[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2012,32(03):317-324.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/2012jms.0010.
[10] SINGH V P.Effect of the duration and direction of storm movement on planar flow with full and partial areal coverage[J].Hydrological Processes,2002,16(7):1479-1511.DOI:10.1002/hyp.358.
[11] EMMANUEL I,HERVANDRIEU,LEBLOIS E,et al.Influence of rainfall spatial variability on rainfall-runoff modelling:Benefit of a simulation approach?[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,531:337-348.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.058.
[12]田风霞,赵传燕,冯兆东.黄土高原地区降水的空间分布[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(5):1-5.(TIAN F X,ZHAO C Y,FENG Z D,Spatial distribution of precipitation in the Loess Plateau region[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2009,45(5):1-5.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2009.05.008.
[13]张雪松,郝芳华,张建永.降雨空间分布不均匀性对流域径流和泥沙模拟影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(1):9-12.(ZHANG X S,HAO F H,ZHANG J Y.Study on effect of uncertainty in spatial distribution of rainfall on runoff and sediment modeling[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(1):9-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3409.2004.01.003.
[14]王莉萍,王维国,张建忠.我国主要流域降水过程时空分布特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2018(2):161-173.(WANG L P,WANG W G,ZHANG J Z.Analysis on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation processes over main river basin in China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2018(2):161-173.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13577/j.jnd.2018.0219.
[15] AUDREY D,HLNE R,PIERRE-ANDRG,et al.Accounting for rainfall systematic spatial variability in flash flood forecasting[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,541.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.024.
[16] KIM C,KIM D H.Effect of rainfall spatial distribution and duration on rainfall spatial resolution for surface runoff prediction accuracy[J].Journal of Hydroenvironment Research,2018,20.DOI:10.1016/j.jher.2018.04.001.
[17]刘成林,周玉文,隋军,等.城市排水防涝系统降雨空间分布特性研究[J].给水排水,2016,42(1):46-49.(LIU C L,ZHOU Y W,SUI J,et al.Study on Spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall in urban drainage and flood control system[J]. Water&Wastewater Engineering,2016,42(1):46-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2016.0009.
[18]陈云浩,史培军,李晓兵.不同热力背景对城市降雨(暴雨)的影响(Ⅰ)──降雨分布的空间差异[J].自然灾害学报,2001(2):37-42.(CHEN Y H,SHI P J,LI X B.Effect of different thermal background on urban rainfall(rainstrom)(Ⅰ):spatial difference of rainfall distribution[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2001(2):37-42.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13577/j.jnd.2001.0207.
[19]胡晖,张建丰,张瑞晞.探讨低影响开发技术在沣西新城的应用[J].环境保护科学,2015(6):90-93.(HU H,ZHANG J F,ZHANG R X.Discussion of application of low impact development technology in Fengxi new town[J].Environmental Protection Science.2015(6):90-93.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2015.06.020.
[20]侯精明,王润,李国栋,等.基于动力波法的高效高分辨率城市雨洪过程数值模型[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(3):40-49.(HOU J M,WANG R,LI G D,et al.High-performance numerical model for highresolution urban rainfall-runoff process based on dynamic wave method[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(3):40-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20180305.
[21]侯精明,郭凯华,王志力,等.设计暴雨雨型对城市内涝影响数值模拟[J].水科学进展,2017,28(6):820-828.(HOU J M,GUO K H,WANG Z L,et al.Numerical simulation of design storm pattern effects on urban flood inundation[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(6):820-828.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2017.06.003.
[22]张涛,王祥,杨欣玥,等.面雨量计算方法对水文模拟的影响[J].人民长江,2017,48(19):42-47.(ZHANG T,WANG X,YANG X Y,et al.Influence of Area Rainfall Calculating Method on Hydrological Simulation[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(19):42-47.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2017.19.008.
[23]钱程,武雄,穆文平,等GIS技术在水文地质领域的应用进展[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(3):115-122.(QIAN C,WU X,MU W P,et al.Application advances of GIS in hydrogeology field[J].Southto-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(3):115-122.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.03.021.
[24]侯精明.郭凯华,刘菲菲.西咸新区沣西新城设计暴雨雨型分析及暴雨强度公式推求成果报告[R].西咸新区:沣西新城管委会,2017.(HOU J M,GUO K H,LIU F F.The report of analysis of designed rainstorm patterns and formula of rainstorm intensity in Fengxi New City of Xixian New Area[R].Xixian New Area:Fengxi New City Management Committee,2017(in Chinese))
[25]段文军,王金叶,张立杰,等.1960~2010年漓江流域降水变化特征研究[J].水文,2014,34(5):88-93.(DUAN W J,WANG J Y,ZHANG L J,et al.Characteristics of Precipitation in Lijiang River Basin during 1960~2010[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2014,34(5):88-93(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0852.2014.05.016.
[26] HOU J,ZGEN I.A model for overland flow and associated processes within the Hydroinformatics Modelling System[J].Journal of Hydroinformatics,2014,16(2):375-391.DOI:10.2166/hydro.2013.173.
[27]戴晶晶,刘增贤,陆沈钧.基于数值模拟的城市内涝风险评估研究——以苏州市城市中心区为例[J].中国水利,2015(13):20-23.(DAI J J,LIU Z X,LU S J.Risk-assessment of city waterlogging based on numerical simulation——Case study on urban center of Suzhou[J].China Water Resources,2015(13):20-23.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2015.06.013.
[2]胡俊锋,杨月巧.基于气象水文要素的洪涝灾害损失评估[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(1):26-31.(HU J F,YANG Y Q.Flood and waterlogging disaster loss assessment based on meteorological and hydrological elements[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(1):26-31.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2014.01026.
[3]王远见,傅旭东,王光谦.黄河流域降雨时空分布特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2018,58(11):972-978.(WANG Y J,FU X D,WANG G Q.Precipitation variations in the Yellow River Basin of China[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2018,58(11):972-978.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2018.26.043.
[4]吴凯,王晓琳,许怡,等.中国大陆降水时空格局演变新事实[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(3):30-36.(WU K,WANG X L,XU Y,New facts about evolution of spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation over Chinese mainland[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(03):30-36.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.03.006.
[5]王刚,严登华,张冬冬,等.海河流域1961年-2010年极端气温与降水变化趋势分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(1):1-6.(WANG G,YAN D H,ZHANG D D,et al.Trend analysis of variations in extreme precipitation and temperature in the Hai River Basin from1961to 2010[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(1):1-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2014.01001.
[6]梁萍,丁一汇,何金海,等.上海地区城市化速度与降水空间分布变化的关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(4):475-483.(LIANG P,DING Y H,HE J H,et al.Study of relationship between urbanization speed and change of spatial distribution of rainfall over shanghai[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2011,27(4):475-483.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2011.04.005.
[7]刘钰,谭军利,李王成,等.银川市气候变化趋势及其与城市发展的关系[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(5):837-841.(LIU Y,TAN J L,LI W C,et al.Relationship between climate change and urban development in Yinchuan City[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2015,13(5):837-841.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.05.005.
[8]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中国城乡建设统计年鉴.2012[M].中国计划出版社,2013.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.Statistical Yearbook of Urban and Rural Construction in China.2012[M].China Planning Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[9]朱焱,杨金彪,朱莲芳,等.苏州城市化进程与城市气候变化关系研究[J].气象科学,2012,32(03):317-324.(ZHU Y,YANG J B,ZHU L F,et al.The investigation of the relationship between urbanization process and climate change in Suzhou[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2012,32(03):317-324.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/2012jms.0010.
[10] SINGH V P.Effect of the duration and direction of storm movement on planar flow with full and partial areal coverage[J].Hydrological Processes,2002,16(7):1479-1511.DOI:10.1002/hyp.358.
[11] EMMANUEL I,HERVANDRIEU,LEBLOIS E,et al.Influence of rainfall spatial variability on rainfall-runoff modelling:Benefit of a simulation approach?[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,531:337-348.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.058.
[12]田风霞,赵传燕,冯兆东.黄土高原地区降水的空间分布[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(5):1-5.(TIAN F X,ZHAO C Y,FENG Z D,Spatial distribution of precipitation in the Loess Plateau region[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2009,45(5):1-5.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2009.05.008.
[13]张雪松,郝芳华,张建永.降雨空间分布不均匀性对流域径流和泥沙模拟影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(1):9-12.(ZHANG X S,HAO F H,ZHANG J Y.Study on effect of uncertainty in spatial distribution of rainfall on runoff and sediment modeling[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(1):9-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3409.2004.01.003.
[14]王莉萍,王维国,张建忠.我国主要流域降水过程时空分布特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2018(2):161-173.(WANG L P,WANG W G,ZHANG J Z.Analysis on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation processes over main river basin in China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2018(2):161-173.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13577/j.jnd.2018.0219.
[15] AUDREY D,HLNE R,PIERRE-ANDRG,et al.Accounting for rainfall systematic spatial variability in flash flood forecasting[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,541.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.024.
[16] KIM C,KIM D H.Effect of rainfall spatial distribution and duration on rainfall spatial resolution for surface runoff prediction accuracy[J].Journal of Hydroenvironment Research,2018,20.DOI:10.1016/j.jher.2018.04.001.
[17]刘成林,周玉文,隋军,等.城市排水防涝系统降雨空间分布特性研究[J].给水排水,2016,42(1):46-49.(LIU C L,ZHOU Y W,SUI J,et al.Study on Spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall in urban drainage and flood control system[J]. Water&Wastewater Engineering,2016,42(1):46-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2016.0009.
[18]陈云浩,史培军,李晓兵.不同热力背景对城市降雨(暴雨)的影响(Ⅰ)──降雨分布的空间差异[J].自然灾害学报,2001(2):37-42.(CHEN Y H,SHI P J,LI X B.Effect of different thermal background on urban rainfall(rainstrom)(Ⅰ):spatial difference of rainfall distribution[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2001(2):37-42.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13577/j.jnd.2001.0207.
[19]胡晖,张建丰,张瑞晞.探讨低影响开发技术在沣西新城的应用[J].环境保护科学,2015(6):90-93.(HU H,ZHANG J F,ZHANG R X.Discussion of application of low impact development technology in Fengxi new town[J].Environmental Protection Science.2015(6):90-93.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2015.06.020.
[20]侯精明,王润,李国栋,等.基于动力波法的高效高分辨率城市雨洪过程数值模型[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(3):40-49.(HOU J M,WANG R,LI G D,et al.High-performance numerical model for highresolution urban rainfall-runoff process based on dynamic wave method[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(3):40-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20180305.
[21]侯精明,郭凯华,王志力,等.设计暴雨雨型对城市内涝影响数值模拟[J].水科学进展,2017,28(6):820-828.(HOU J M,GUO K H,WANG Z L,et al.Numerical simulation of design storm pattern effects on urban flood inundation[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(6):820-828.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2017.06.003.
[22]张涛,王祥,杨欣玥,等.面雨量计算方法对水文模拟的影响[J].人民长江,2017,48(19):42-47.(ZHANG T,WANG X,YANG X Y,et al.Influence of Area Rainfall Calculating Method on Hydrological Simulation[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(19):42-47.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2017.19.008.
[23]钱程,武雄,穆文平,等GIS技术在水文地质领域的应用进展[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(3):115-122.(QIAN C,WU X,MU W P,et al.Application advances of GIS in hydrogeology field[J].Southto-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(3):115-122.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.03.021.
[24]侯精明.郭凯华,刘菲菲.西咸新区沣西新城设计暴雨雨型分析及暴雨强度公式推求成果报告[R].西咸新区:沣西新城管委会,2017.(HOU J M,GUO K H,LIU F F.The report of analysis of designed rainstorm patterns and formula of rainstorm intensity in Fengxi New City of Xixian New Area[R].Xixian New Area:Fengxi New City Management Committee,2017(in Chinese))
[25]段文军,王金叶,张立杰,等.1960~2010年漓江流域降水变化特征研究[J].水文,2014,34(5):88-93.(DUAN W J,WANG J Y,ZHANG L J,et al.Characteristics of Precipitation in Lijiang River Basin during 1960~2010[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2014,34(5):88-93(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0852.2014.05.016.
[26] HOU J,ZGEN I.A model for overland flow and associated processes within the Hydroinformatics Modelling System[J].Journal of Hydroinformatics,2014,16(2):375-391.DOI:10.2166/hydro.2013.173.
[27]戴晶晶,刘增贤,陆沈钧.基于数值模拟的城市内涝风险评估研究——以苏州市城市中心区为例[J].中国水利,2015(13):20-23.(DAI J J,LIU Z X,LU S J.Risk-assessment of city waterlogging based on numerical simulation——Case study on urban center of Suzhou[J].China Water Resources,2015(13):20-23.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2015.06.013.