滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花产量和品质影响机制的研究
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摘要
为了明确脱叶效果较好且产量较高的滴灌频次,研究了不同滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花土壤含水率、叶绿素荧光参数、脱叶效果及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明,滴灌频次7次(D7)处理为棉花生育后期提供较适宜的土壤含水量且有效调节20～40cm土层的土壤水分,调节化学脱叶棉花叶片荧光参数和产量,适当降低光合活性,促进棉花脱叶率与吐絮率增长,且降低挂枝率16.12%～24.95%,从而使产量增加7.61%～15.99%,同时纤维长度和纺织一致性分别增加了1.91%～3.87%、4.58%～14.72%。因此,滴灌频次为7次(D7)更适宜南疆化学脱叶的等行距机采棉种植。
In order to determine the frequency of drip irrigation with better defoliation effect and higher yield, the effects of different frequency of drip irrigation on soil moisture content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, defoliation effect and yield and quality of chemical defoliated cotton were studied. The results showed that 7 times of drip irrigation(D7) could provide suitable soil water content for cotton growth at later stage and effectively regulate soil water content of 20-40 cm in soil depth, so that the fluorescence parameters and yield of chemical defoliation cotton leaves could be adjusted suitably. Photosynthetic activity could be reduced accordingly, the growth of defoliation rate and flocculation rate of cotton could be promoted and the branch hanging rate could be reduced by 16.12%-24.95%. In conclusion the yield was increased by 7.61%-15.99%, fiber length and textile consistency were increased by 1.91%-3.87%, and 4.58%-14.72%, respectively. Therefore, drip irrigation frequency of 7 times(D7) is more suitable for cotton harvesting in chemical defoliation machine in southern Xinjiang.
In order to determine the frequency of drip irrigation with better defoliation effect and higher yield, the effects of different frequency of drip irrigation on soil moisture content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, defoliation effect and yield and quality of chemical defoliated cotton were studied. The results showed that 7 times of drip irrigation(D7) could provide suitable soil water content for cotton growth at later stage and effectively regulate soil water content of 20-40 cm in soil depth, so that the fluorescence parameters and yield of chemical defoliation cotton leaves could be adjusted suitably. Photosynthetic activity could be reduced accordingly, the growth of defoliation rate and flocculation rate of cotton could be promoted and the branch hanging rate could be reduced by 16.12%-24.95%. In conclusion the yield was increased by 7.61%-15.99%, fiber length and textile consistency were increased by 1.91%-3.87%, and 4.58%-14.72%, respectively. Therefore, drip irrigation frequency of 7 times(D7) is more suitable for cotton harvesting in chemical defoliation machine in southern Xinjiang.
引文
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[16]薛国希,高辉远,李鹏民,等.低温下壳聚糖处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2004,30(4):441-448.
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[19]Faircloth J C,Edmisten K L,Wells R,et al. The influence of defoliationtiming on yields and quality of two cotton cultivars. Crop Science,2004,44(1):165-172.
[20]崔建平,程强,陈平,等.深松条件下滴灌频次对土壤理化指标及棉花产量的调节效应.水土保持学报,2019,33(1):263-269,276.
[21]林涛,郭仁松,崔建平,等.滴灌频率对南疆棉田水分蒸散特征及WUE的影响.新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1224-1229.
[22]崔永生,王峰,孙景生,等.南疆机采棉田灌溉制度对土壤水盐变化和棉花产量的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(11):3634-3642.
[23]王刚,刘辉,樊庆鲁,等.新疆兵团机采棉脱叶剂应用状况分析.新疆农垦科技,2012,35(7):40-42.
[24]刘铮翔,官春云.作物化学催熟研究进展.作物研究,2007,21(5):489-492.
[25]田晓莉,段留生,李召虎,等.棉花化学催熟与脱叶的生理基础.植物生理学通讯,2004(6):758-762.
[26]Valladares F,Pearcy R W. Drought can be more critical in the shade than in the sun:A field study of carbon gain and photo-inhibition in a Californian shrub during a dry El Ni?o year. Plant,Cell and Environment,2002,25:749-759.
[27]王正贵,周立云,郭文善,等.除草剂对小麦光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(6):1037-1043.
[28]肖文娜,周可金.不同化学催熟剂对油菜光合生理及产量与品质的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):106-112.
[29]罗俊,张木清,林彦铨,等.甘蔗苗期叶绿素荧光参数与抗旱性关系研究.中国农业科学,2004,37(11):1718-1721.
[30]李淦,高丽丽,张巨松.适宜膜下滴灌频次提高北疆机采棉光合能力及产量.农业工程学报,2017,33(4):178-185.
[31]罗宏海,李俊华,张旺锋,等.膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节.中国农业科学,2008(7):1955-1962.
[2]徐飞鹏,李云开,任树梅.新疆棉花膜下滴灌技术的应用与发展的思考.农业工程学报,2003(1):25-27.
[3]蔡焕杰,邵光成,张振华.荒漠气候区膜下滴灌棉花需水量和灌溉制度的试验研究.水利学报,2000(11):119-123.
[4]刘梅先,杨劲松,李晓明,等.膜下滴灌条件下滴水量和滴水频率对棉田土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的影响.应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3203-3210.
[5]弋鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,王一民,等.干旱区棉花膜下滴灌优化灌溉制度的试验研究.水土保持通报,2011,31(1):53-57.
[6]王娟,胡强,徐雅光,等.不同灌水量对棉铃空间分布及产量的影响.西北农业学报,2014,23(3):62-66.
[7]王志坚,徐红.新疆机采棉的调研与发展建议.中国棉花,2011,38(6):10-13.
[8]陶湘伟,陈兴和.机采棉技术与发展趋势分析.农业机械,2013(13):97-102.
[9]樊庆鲁.棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[10]王爱玉,高明伟,王志伟,等.棉花化学脱叶催熟技术应用研究进展.农学学报,2015,5(4):20-23.
[11]王瑞.花铃期持续土壤干旱影响棉花产量品质形成的生理生态机制研究.南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[12]张波,高利达.棉花脱叶剂的使用方法.新疆农垦科技,2005(5):44-45.
[13]Sperdouli I,Moustakas M. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves under drought stress. Plant Biology,2012,14(1):118-128.
[14]Massacci A,Nabiev S M,Pietrosanti L,et al. Response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2008,46(2):189-195.
[15]李晓,冯伟,曾晓春.叶绿素荧光分析技术及应用进展.西北植物学报,2006,26(10):2186-2196.
[16]薛国希,高辉远,李鹏民,等.低温下壳聚糖处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2004,30(4):441-448.
[17]Genty B E,Briantais M,JandBaker N R. The relation ship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochimical Biophysical Acta,1989,990:87-92.
[18]Guo S L,Yan X F,Bai B,et al. Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthesis in larch seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1291-1298.
[19]Faircloth J C,Edmisten K L,Wells R,et al. The influence of defoliationtiming on yields and quality of two cotton cultivars. Crop Science,2004,44(1):165-172.
[20]崔建平,程强,陈平,等.深松条件下滴灌频次对土壤理化指标及棉花产量的调节效应.水土保持学报,2019,33(1):263-269,276.
[21]林涛,郭仁松,崔建平,等.滴灌频率对南疆棉田水分蒸散特征及WUE的影响.新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1224-1229.
[22]崔永生,王峰,孙景生,等.南疆机采棉田灌溉制度对土壤水盐变化和棉花产量的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(11):3634-3642.
[23]王刚,刘辉,樊庆鲁,等.新疆兵团机采棉脱叶剂应用状况分析.新疆农垦科技,2012,35(7):40-42.
[24]刘铮翔,官春云.作物化学催熟研究进展.作物研究,2007,21(5):489-492.
[25]田晓莉,段留生,李召虎,等.棉花化学催熟与脱叶的生理基础.植物生理学通讯,2004(6):758-762.
[26]Valladares F,Pearcy R W. Drought can be more critical in the shade than in the sun:A field study of carbon gain and photo-inhibition in a Californian shrub during a dry El Ni?o year. Plant,Cell and Environment,2002,25:749-759.
[27]王正贵,周立云,郭文善,等.除草剂对小麦光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(6):1037-1043.
[28]肖文娜,周可金.不同化学催熟剂对油菜光合生理及产量与品质的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):106-112.
[29]罗俊,张木清,林彦铨,等.甘蔗苗期叶绿素荧光参数与抗旱性关系研究.中国农业科学,2004,37(11):1718-1721.
[30]李淦,高丽丽,张巨松.适宜膜下滴灌频次提高北疆机采棉光合能力及产量.农业工程学报,2017,33(4):178-185.
[31]罗宏海,李俊华,张旺锋,等.膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节.中国农业科学,2008(7):1955-1962.