珊瑚的室内循环海水生态养殖模式的构建
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摘要
通过人工控制室内珊瑚水族系统中的水温、光照、营养盐、pH、水体钙质和硬度等环境因素,旨在构建高效稳定的珊瑚循环海水生态系统。试验期间对水温、光照强度、营养盐等环境指标进行定期监测并记录珊瑚的生长状态。结果表明,水质及光照条件对珊瑚的生长、繁殖有很大的影响。5种珊瑚在水温24～28℃,盐度25～35,pH8.0～8.5,低氨氮浓度(<0.01 mg·L~(-1)),低硝酸盐氮浓度(<0.005 mg·L~(-1)),低亚硝酸盐氮浓度(<0.005 mg·L~(-1))和较高溶解氧(>4 mg·L~(-1))条件下生长状况良好;绿钮扣珊瑚可进行自然繁殖;鹿角珊瑚芽长每月相对增长2.84%～3.42%,芽高每月相对增长2.28%～2.79%,质量每月相对增长2.28%～3.02%。光照对珊瑚生长具有促进作用,不同珊瑚对光照强度的不同敏感程度表明可能存在光饱和点。本研究建立的养殖模式可为我国珊瑚人工养殖繁育工作提供一定参考。
An efficient and stable circulating water system was constructed for coral culture, and five coral species were cultured in an Aquarium. Water temperature, light intensity, nutrient and other environmental indicators of the coral culture were regularly monitored in the aquarium, and the growth status of corals was recorded. The results showed that the water quality and illumination intensity had an important effect on the growth and reproduction of corals. The five species of corals all grew well under the conditions of water temperature at 24-28 ℃, salinity 25-35, pH 8.0-8.5, low ammonia concentration(<0. 01 mg·L~(-1)), low nitrate concentration(<0.005 mg·L~(-1)), low nitrite nitrogen concentration(<0.005 mg·L~(-1)) and higher dissolved oxygen(>4 mg·L~(-1)). Green button corals(Protopalythoa sp.) were reproduced naturally. The coral budsof Acropora cervicornis increased their length growth by 2.84%-3.42% per month, their height growth by 2.28%-2.79% per month, and their weight growth by 2.28%-3.02% per month. Illumination intensity in a range of 10 000 to 20 000 Lx promoted coral growth; different species of corals had different degrees of sensitivity to light intensity, which indicates that the corals have different saturation points in their response to illuminationight intensity.
An efficient and stable circulating water system was constructed for coral culture, and five coral species were cultured in an Aquarium. Water temperature, light intensity, nutrient and other environmental indicators of the coral culture were regularly monitored in the aquarium, and the growth status of corals was recorded. The results showed that the water quality and illumination intensity had an important effect on the growth and reproduction of corals. The five species of corals all grew well under the conditions of water temperature at 24-28 ℃, salinity 25-35, pH 8.0-8.5, low ammonia concentration(<0. 01 mg·L~(-1)), low nitrate concentration(<0.005 mg·L~(-1)), low nitrite nitrogen concentration(<0.005 mg·L~(-1)) and higher dissolved oxygen(>4 mg·L~(-1)). Green button corals(Protopalythoa sp.) were reproduced naturally. The coral budsof Acropora cervicornis increased their length growth by 2.84%-3.42% per month, their height growth by 2.28%-2.79% per month, and their weight growth by 2.28%-3.02% per month. Illumination intensity in a range of 10 000 to 20 000 Lx promoted coral growth; different species of corals had different degrees of sensitivity to light intensity, which indicates that the corals have different saturation points in their response to illuminationight intensity.
引文
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[11] 李琰,郑新庆,杨小舟,等.活石(live rock)在珊瑚养殖体系中对NH4+,NO3-的去除作用[J].海洋学报(中文版),2017,36(12):87-94.
[12] 周智,刘洁若,王林桂,等.外加碳源对珊瑚养殖系统水质的影响[J].热带生物学报,2017(4):399-403.
[13] SZMANT A M.Nutrient enrichment on coral reefs:Is it a major cause of coral reef decline[J]Stuaries,2002,25:743-766.
[14] 李淑,余克服,施祺,等.造礁石珊瑚对低温的耐受能力及响应模式[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2289-2295.
[15] 余克服,蒋明星,程志强,等.涠洲岛42年来海面温度变化及其对珊瑚礁的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):506-510.
[16] MUTTI M,HALLOCK P.Carbonate systems along nutrient and temperature gradients:some sedimentological and geochemical constraints[J].Int J Earth Sci,2003,92:465-474
[17] SCHUTTER M,Van Velthover B,JANSE M,et al.The effect of irradiance on long-term skeletal growth and net photo-synthesis in Galaxea fascicularis under four light conditions[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2008,367:75-80.
[18] ROCHA R J M,SERODIA J,LEAL M C,et al.Effect of light intensity on post-fragmentation photobiological performance of the soft coral Sinularia Flexibilis[J].Aquaculture,2013,388:24-29.
[2] WILKINSON C.Status of coral reefs of the world:Global coral reef monitoring network [R].Australian Institute of Marine Science,Cape Ferguson,Queensland,2000.
[3] GEOFFREY PJ,MARK I M,MAYA S,et al.Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2004,101:8251-8253.
[4] 吴瑞,王道儒.海南珊瑚礁生物多样性的保护现状与研究展望[J].海洋开发与管理,2014(1):84-87.
[5] OSINGA R,SCHUTTER M,GRIFFIOEN B,et al.The biology and economics of coral growth[J].Mar Biotechnol,2011,13:658-671.
[6] LEEWIS R J,JANSE M.Advances in coral husbandry in public aquariums[J].Public Aquarium Husbandry Series,2008(2):167-171.
[7] 鲍鹰,周学家,黄美霞,等.鹿角珊瑚人工养殖的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2012,36(1):69-72.
[8] 牟奕林,刘亚军.尖锐轴孔珊瑚的人工养殖[J].中国水产,2009(3):27-30.
[9] 李泽鹏.主要环境因子对滨珊瑚的胁迫作用研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2012.
[10] 李卫东,王荣霞,黄敏,等.肉质软珊瑚快速扩繁技术研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(17):152-154.
[11] 李琰,郑新庆,杨小舟,等.活石(live rock)在珊瑚养殖体系中对NH4+,NO3-的去除作用[J].海洋学报(中文版),2017,36(12):87-94.
[12] 周智,刘洁若,王林桂,等.外加碳源对珊瑚养殖系统水质的影响[J].热带生物学报,2017(4):399-403.
[13] SZMANT A M.Nutrient enrichment on coral reefs:Is it a major cause of coral reef decline[J]Stuaries,2002,25:743-766.
[14] 李淑,余克服,施祺,等.造礁石珊瑚对低温的耐受能力及响应模式[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2289-2295.
[15] 余克服,蒋明星,程志强,等.涠洲岛42年来海面温度变化及其对珊瑚礁的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):506-510.
[16] MUTTI M,HALLOCK P.Carbonate systems along nutrient and temperature gradients:some sedimentological and geochemical constraints[J].Int J Earth Sci,2003,92:465-474
[17] SCHUTTER M,Van Velthover B,JANSE M,et al.The effect of irradiance on long-term skeletal growth and net photo-synthesis in Galaxea fascicularis under four light conditions[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2008,367:75-80.
[18] ROCHA R J M,SERODIA J,LEAL M C,et al.Effect of light intensity on post-fragmentation photobiological performance of the soft coral Sinularia Flexibilis[J].Aquaculture,2013,388:24-29.
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