三峡库区及其支流水质评价方法选择及应用
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摘要
针对河流型水库水质评价时缺乏统一评价标准的问题,基于三峡库区蓄水至175m后6个完整水文年的水文数据,引入分段库容概念,根据入库/出库流量、水库运行水位对应分段库容计算水力滞留时间,根据各断面实测流量、实测大断面面积资料计算各断面流速,采用分段累计水力滞留时间、流速等关键水动力因子为划分指标,对河流型水库水质评价标准纵向量化分区进行分析。结果表明,三峡水库的水文条件存在明显的时空差异,丰水期干流全河段、枯水期万县以上干流河段应按河流标准进行评价,万县至大坝干流河段、支流库湾应按照湖泊标准进行评价。研究成果可为水体保护工作提供技术支持。
In order to solve the problem of lack of unified evaluation criteria for water quality evaluation of river-type reservoirs,this paper introduced the concept of sectional storage capacity based on the hydrological data of six complete hydrological years after 175 m water storage in the Three Gorges reservoir area.The hydraulic retention time was calculated according to the inbound/outbound flow and the water level of the reservoir corresponding to the storage capacity.The flow velocity of each section was calculated according to the measured flow rate of each section and the measured large section area data.The key hydrodynamic factors such as the cumulative hydrodynamic retention time and flow velocity were used as the index to analyze the longitudinal quantitative division of the river-type reservoir water quality assessment standard.The results show that there are obvious spatial and temporal differences in the hydrological conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir.During the flood season,the whole river section should be evaluated according to river standards;In the dry season,the sections above the Wanxian County should be evaluated according to river standards,and Wanxian to Dam should be evaluated according to lake standards.The tributary Kuwan should be evaluated according to lake standards.Research results can provide technical support for water protection work.
In order to solve the problem of lack of unified evaluation criteria for water quality evaluation of river-type reservoirs,this paper introduced the concept of sectional storage capacity based on the hydrological data of six complete hydrological years after 175 m water storage in the Three Gorges reservoir area.The hydraulic retention time was calculated according to the inbound/outbound flow and the water level of the reservoir corresponding to the storage capacity.The flow velocity of each section was calculated according to the measured flow rate of each section and the measured large section area data.The key hydrodynamic factors such as the cumulative hydrodynamic retention time and flow velocity were used as the index to analyze the longitudinal quantitative division of the river-type reservoir water quality assessment standard.The results show that there are obvious spatial and temporal differences in the hydrological conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir.During the flood season,the whole river section should be evaluated according to river standards;In the dry season,the sections above the Wanxian County should be evaluated according to river standards,and Wanxian to Dam should be evaluated according to lake standards.The tributary Kuwan should be evaluated according to lake standards.Research results can provide technical support for water protection work.
引文
[1] SL395-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:水利电力出版社,2007.
[2] GB3838-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[3]王晓青.三峡库区澎溪河(小江)富营养化及水动力水质耦合模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[4] Milan Straˇskraba,DostálkováI,Hejzlar J,et al.The Effect of Reservoirs on Phosphorus Concentration[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,1995,80(1):403-413.
[5] Kawara O,Yura E,Fujii S,et al.A Study on the Role of Hydraulic Retention Time in Eutrophication of the Asahi River Dam Reservoir[J].Water Science&Technology,1998,37(2):245-252.
[6]卡尔夫.湖沼学——内陆生态系统[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[7]郑丙辉,张远,富国,等.三峡水库营养状态评价标准研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(6):1 022-1 030.
[8]朱爱民,胡菊香,李嗣新,等.三峡水库长江干流及其支流枯水期浮游植物多样性与水质[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):378-385.
[2] GB3838-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[3]王晓青.三峡库区澎溪河(小江)富营养化及水动力水质耦合模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[4] Milan Straˇskraba,DostálkováI,Hejzlar J,et al.The Effect of Reservoirs on Phosphorus Concentration[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,1995,80(1):403-413.
[5] Kawara O,Yura E,Fujii S,et al.A Study on the Role of Hydraulic Retention Time in Eutrophication of the Asahi River Dam Reservoir[J].Water Science&Technology,1998,37(2):245-252.
[6]卡尔夫.湖沼学——内陆生态系统[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[7]郑丙辉,张远,富国,等.三峡水库营养状态评价标准研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(6):1 022-1 030.
[8]朱爱民,胡菊香,李嗣新,等.三峡水库长江干流及其支流枯水期浮游植物多样性与水质[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):378-385.