含植物水流动力特性研究进展
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摘要
鉴于植物与水动力之间复杂的相互作用过程,从植物对水流的阻力作用、植物引起的紊动作用以及植物对波浪的消减作用三方面,综述了国内外含植物水流动力特性研究进展,总结了不同水动力条件下含植物河道Manning系数、拖曳力系数与植物特性之间的定量关系,讨论了植物引起的纵向流速垂向分布和紊动强度变化以及植物在海岸带波浪消减中起到的作用。针对目前含植物水流动力特性研究中存在的不足,指出植物拖曳力系数、含植物水流紊动特征、植物-水流-波浪耦合作用机理为今后研究的重点。
Due to the complex interaction between vegetation and hydrodynamics, research progress in the characteristics of flows with vegetation from both home and abroad were reviewed in three aspects, including flow resistance, vegetation-induced turbulence and wave attenuation. The quantitative relationship between Manning coefficient and vegetation features, and the relationship between drag factors and vegetation features under different hydrodynamic conditions were summarized. The vertical distribution of stream-wise velocity and turbulence caused by vegetation as well as the wave attenuation effects by vegetation in costal zones were also discussed. Aiming at the shortcomings in the current research of vegetated flow hydrodynamics, the future research direction in this field were proposed, including the drag factors, the turbulent characteristics of vegetated flows and the coupling mechanisms of vegetation-flow-wave.
Due to the complex interaction between vegetation and hydrodynamics, research progress in the characteristics of flows with vegetation from both home and abroad were reviewed in three aspects, including flow resistance, vegetation-induced turbulence and wave attenuation. The quantitative relationship between Manning coefficient and vegetation features, and the relationship between drag factors and vegetation features under different hydrodynamic conditions were summarized. The vertical distribution of stream-wise velocity and turbulence caused by vegetation as well as the wave attenuation effects by vegetation in costal zones were also discussed. Aiming at the shortcomings in the current research of vegetated flow hydrodynamics, the future research direction in this field were proposed, including the drag factors, the turbulent characteristics of vegetated flows and the coupling mechanisms of vegetation-flow-wave.
引文
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[14]KOUWEN N,UNNY T E,HILL H M.Flow retardance in vegetated channels[J].Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division,1969,95(2):329-342.
[15]LI R M,SHEN H W.Effect of tall vegetations on flow and sediment[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1973,99(5):793-814.
[16]WU F C,SHEN H W,CHOU Y J.Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125(9):934-942.
[17]RIGHETTI M,ARMANINI A.Flow resistance in open channel flows with sparsely distributed bushes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,269(1):55-64.
[18]渠庚,张小峰,陈栋,等.含柔性植物明渠水流阻力特性试验研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(11):1344-1351.(QUGeng,ZHANG Xiaofeng,CHEN Dong,et al.Experimental study on flow resistance characteristics in open channel with flexible vegetation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(10):1214-1220.(in Chinese))
[19]VEDRANA K,HONG H T M.A numerical model for assessing the additional resistance to flow introduced by flexible vegetation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1996,34(1):99-114.
[20]STEPHAN U,GUTKNECHT D.Hydraulic resistance of submerged flexible vegetation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,269(1):27-43.
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[23]DALRYMPLE R A,KIRBY J T,HWANG P A.Wave diffraction due to areas of energy dissipation[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,1984,110(1):67-79.
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[27]CHENG N S.Calculation of drag coefficient for arrays of emergent circular cylinders with pseudofluid model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,139(6):602-611.
[28]TANG H W,TIAN Z,YAN J,et al.Determining drag coefficients and their application in modelling of turbulent flow with submerged vegetation[J].Advances in Water Resources,2014,69(3):134-145.
[29]TANINO Y,NEPF H M.Laboratory investigation of mean drag in a random array of rigid,emergent cylinders[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,134(1):34-41.
[30]STONE B M,SHEN H T.Hydraulic resistance of flow in channels with cylindrical roughness[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,128(5):500-506.
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[33]WANG H,TANG H W,YUAN S Y,et al.An experimental study of the incipient bed shear stress partition in mobile bed channels filled with emergent rigid vegetation[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2014,57(6):1165-1174.
[34]NEPF H M.Drag,turbulence,and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation[J].Water Resources Research,1999,35(2):1985-1986.
[35]BUSARI A O,LI C W.Bulk drag of a regular array of emergent blade-type vegetation stems under gradually varied flow[J].Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2016,12:59-69.
[36]ZUKAUSKAS A,ULINSKAS R.Heat transfer in tube banks in crossflow[M].Washington,D.C.:Hemisphere Publishing,1988.
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[38]闫静,戴坤,唐洪武,等.含植物河道紊流结构研究进展[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):915-922.(YAN Jing,DAI Kun,TANG Hongwu,et al.Advances in research on turbulence structure in vegetated open channel flows[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(6):915-922.(in Chinese))
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