亚硝酸盐氧化菌及其生态位的研究进展
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摘要
亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)是氮素转化中重要的一环,对其分类及生态位进行研究,有利于深入了解其生存竞争力和环境适应能力,充分发挥NOB在污水处理领域中的作用。文章阐述了已知NOB的种类及分布,剖析了反应过程中的关键酶NXR,探讨了其不同的代谢方式及其与其他微生物间多样的种间关系,介绍了近年来硝化螺旋菌属中发现的全程硝化菌的研究进展及其对于NOB生态位多样性以及环境适应性的意义,对其研究方向和生态潜力进行了展望。
Nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) is an important part of nitrogen conversion. The research on the classification and niche of NOB is beneficial to understand its survival competitiveness and environmental adaptability, and gives full play to the role of NOB in wastewater treatment. The phyla, genera and their distribution of known NOB are elucidated. The key enzyme nitrite oxidoreductase(NXR) in the nitrite oxidation and nitrate reduction are reviewed. The diversity of NOB metabolisms and their inter-species relationships with other microorganisms are discussed. The research progress of NOB in recent years, especially the complete ammonia oxidizer(Comammox) found in Nitrospira, is described. The new research results have important significance for the niche diversity of NOB and its environmental adaptability, and the research direction and potential of NOB are prospected.
Nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) is an important part of nitrogen conversion. The research on the classification and niche of NOB is beneficial to understand its survival competitiveness and environmental adaptability, and gives full play to the role of NOB in wastewater treatment. The phyla, genera and their distribution of known NOB are elucidated. The key enzyme nitrite oxidoreductase(NXR) in the nitrite oxidation and nitrate reduction are reviewed. The diversity of NOB metabolisms and their inter-species relationships with other microorganisms are discussed. The research progress of NOB in recent years, especially the complete ammonia oxidizer(Comammox) found in Nitrospira, is described. The new research results have important significance for the niche diversity of NOB and its environmental adaptability, and the research direction and potential of NOB are prospected.
引文
[1] 王梅,王智慧,石孝均,等.长期不同施肥量对全程氨氧化细菌丰度的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(10):4727-4734.
[2] 何翔,吴佳鹏,焦黎静,等.基于amoA基因扩增子高通量测序的氨氧化古菌多样性分析方法[J].微生物学通报,2018,45(9):1861-1870.
[3] 张诗颖,吴鹏,宋吟玲,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同脱氮处理城市污水[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4174-4179.
[4] 王歆鹏,陈坚,华兆哲,等.硝化菌群在不同条件下的增殖速率和硝化活性[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999(1):64-68.
[5] Daims H,Lebedeva E V,Pjevac P,et al.Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):504.
[6] Sorokin D Y,Vejmelkova D,Lücker S,et al.Nitrolancea hollandica gen.nov.sp nov.,a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi[J].International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology,2014,64(6):1859-1865.
[7] Kitzinger K,Koch H,Lucker S,et al.Characterization of the first “Candidatus Nitrotoga” isolate reveals metabolic versatility and separate evolution of widespread nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J].mBio,2018,9(4):1-16.
[8] Nunoura T,Takaki Y,Hirai M,et al.Hadal biosphere:Insight into the microbial ecosystem in the deepest ocean on Earth[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(11):E1230-E1236.
[9] Alawi M,Off S,Kaya M,et al.Temperature influences the population structure of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2009,1(3):184-190.
[10] 曾薇,张丽敏,王安其,等.污水处理系统中硝化菌的菌群结构和动态变化[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3257-3265.
[11] Edwards T A,Calica N A,Huang D A,et al.Cultivation and characterization of thermophilic Nitrospira species from geothermal springs in the US Great Basin,China,and Armenia[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2013,85(2):283-292.
[12] Kessel V,Speth D R,Albertsen M,et al.Complete nitrification by a single microorganism[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):555-559.
[13] Lücker S,Wagner M,Maixner F,et al.A Nitrospira metagenome illuminates the physiology and evolution of globally important nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(30):13479-13484.
[14] 单晓雨,张萌,郑平.Nar与Nxr:氮素循环中微生物关键酶研究进展[J].科技通报,2016,32(7):202-206.
[15] Nowka B,Daims H,Spieck E.Comparison of oxidation kinetics of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria:nitrite availability as a key factor in niche differentiation[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(2):745-753.
[16] 赵宗升,刘鸿亮,李炳伟,等.高浓度氨氮废水的高效生物脱氮途径[J].中国给水排水,2001(5):24-28.
[17] Daims H,Nielsen J L,Nielsen P H,et al.In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(11):5273.
[18] Koch H,Galushko A,Albertsen M,et al.Growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria by aerobic hydrogen oxidation[J].Science,2014,345(6200):1052-1054.
[19] Koch H,Lücker S,Albertsen M,et al.Expanded metabolic versatility of ubiquitous nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from the genus Nitrospira.[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(36):11371.
[20] Ehrich S,Behrens D,Lebedeva E,et al.A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic,nitrite-oxidizing bacterium,Nitrospira moscoviensis,sp.nov.and its phylogenetic relationship[J].Archives of Microbiology,1995,164(1):16.
[21] 朱钦士.正转和反转的三羧酸循环[J].生物学通报,2015,50(1):16-19.
[22] 路璐,韩文炎,张金波,等.酸性土壤中脲酶水解为基础的古菌氨氧化[C].成都:中国土壤学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨第九届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会,2012:916-917.
[23] 于亚伟,张丽霞,韩晓阳.尿素不同配施处理对棕壤茶园土壤尿素转化及硝化作用影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1278-1282.
[24] Palatinszky M,Herbold C,Jehmlich N,et al.Cyanate as an energy source for nitrifiers[J].Nature,2015,524(7563):105.
[25] Chain P,Lamerdin J,Larimer F,et al.Complete genome sequence of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium and obligate chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2003,185(9):2759-2773.
[26] 侯保连,李安婕,孙趣.AHLs群体感应信号分子对硝化污泥附着生长及硝化效果的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2773-2779.
[27] 陈国科,黄钧,毕京芳,等.好氧颗粒污泥耐受高碳氮负荷过程中的群体感应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(1):73-79.
[28] 赵维殳,肖湘.多重极端环境中的生命:深海热液中的超嗜热古菌Thermococclaes[J].中国科学:生命科学,2017,47(5):470-481.
[29] 胡安谊,焦念志.氨氧化古菌——环境微生物生态学研究的一个前沿热点[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(4):370-379.
[30] 杨亚东,张明才,胡君蔚,等.施氮肥对华北平原土壤氨氧化细菌和古菌数量及群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3636-3646.
[31] 谢月,梁红,宋立全,等.东北沼泽湿地土壤中氨氧化微生物活性和丰度研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(3):546-551.
[32] 叶磊,祝贵兵,王雨,等.白洋淀湖滨湿地岸边带氨氧化古菌与氨氧化细菌的分布特性[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2209-2215.
[33] 李雨阳,文湘华,丁鵾,等.污水处理系统中氨氧化古菌的富集培养以及性质[J].微生物学报,2015,55(7):882-891.
[34] Courtens E N,Spieck E,Vilchez-Vargas R,et al.A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 ℃ opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal[J].Isme Journal,2016,10(9):2293-2303.
[35] Winkler H,Bassin J P,Robbert K,et al.Unravelling the reasons for disproportion in the ratio of AOB and NOB in aerobic granular sludge[J].Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology,2012,94(6):1657-1666.
[36] 郑平,冯孝善.硝化作用的生化原理[J].微生物学通报,1999(3):215-217.
[37] Petra P,Clemens S,Lianna P,et al.AmoA-targeted polymerase chain reaction primers for the specific detection and quantification of comammox Nitrospira in the environment[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:1-11.
[38] 史国帅,白莉,周立光.完全氨氧化菌及其硝化作用的研究进展[J].吉林建筑大学学报,2018,35(5):57-63.
[39] Wang Y,Ma L,Mao Y,et al.Comammox in drinking water systems[J].Water Research,2017,116:332-341.
[40] González-Cabaleiro R,Curtis T P,Ofi?eru I D.Study of the competition between complete nitrification by a single organism and ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[C].Palermo:Frontiers International Conference on Wastewater Treatment & Modelling,2017:287-291.
[2] 何翔,吴佳鹏,焦黎静,等.基于amoA基因扩增子高通量测序的氨氧化古菌多样性分析方法[J].微生物学通报,2018,45(9):1861-1870.
[3] 张诗颖,吴鹏,宋吟玲,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同脱氮处理城市污水[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4174-4179.
[4] 王歆鹏,陈坚,华兆哲,等.硝化菌群在不同条件下的增殖速率和硝化活性[J].应用与环境生物学报,1999(1):64-68.
[5] Daims H,Lebedeva E V,Pjevac P,et al.Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):504.
[6] Sorokin D Y,Vejmelkova D,Lücker S,et al.Nitrolancea hollandica gen.nov.sp nov.,a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi[J].International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology,2014,64(6):1859-1865.
[7] Kitzinger K,Koch H,Lucker S,et al.Characterization of the first “Candidatus Nitrotoga” isolate reveals metabolic versatility and separate evolution of widespread nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J].mBio,2018,9(4):1-16.
[8] Nunoura T,Takaki Y,Hirai M,et al.Hadal biosphere:Insight into the microbial ecosystem in the deepest ocean on Earth[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(11):E1230-E1236.
[9] Alawi M,Off S,Kaya M,et al.Temperature influences the population structure of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2009,1(3):184-190.
[10] 曾薇,张丽敏,王安其,等.污水处理系统中硝化菌的菌群结构和动态变化[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3257-3265.
[11] Edwards T A,Calica N A,Huang D A,et al.Cultivation and characterization of thermophilic Nitrospira species from geothermal springs in the US Great Basin,China,and Armenia[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2013,85(2):283-292.
[12] Kessel V,Speth D R,Albertsen M,et al.Complete nitrification by a single microorganism[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):555-559.
[13] Lücker S,Wagner M,Maixner F,et al.A Nitrospira metagenome illuminates the physiology and evolution of globally important nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(30):13479-13484.
[14] 单晓雨,张萌,郑平.Nar与Nxr:氮素循环中微生物关键酶研究进展[J].科技通报,2016,32(7):202-206.
[15] Nowka B,Daims H,Spieck E.Comparison of oxidation kinetics of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria:nitrite availability as a key factor in niche differentiation[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(2):745-753.
[16] 赵宗升,刘鸿亮,李炳伟,等.高浓度氨氮废水的高效生物脱氮途径[J].中国给水排水,2001(5):24-28.
[17] Daims H,Nielsen J L,Nielsen P H,et al.In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(11):5273.
[18] Koch H,Galushko A,Albertsen M,et al.Growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria by aerobic hydrogen oxidation[J].Science,2014,345(6200):1052-1054.
[19] Koch H,Lücker S,Albertsen M,et al.Expanded metabolic versatility of ubiquitous nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from the genus Nitrospira.[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(36):11371.
[20] Ehrich S,Behrens D,Lebedeva E,et al.A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic,nitrite-oxidizing bacterium,Nitrospira moscoviensis,sp.nov.and its phylogenetic relationship[J].Archives of Microbiology,1995,164(1):16.
[21] 朱钦士.正转和反转的三羧酸循环[J].生物学通报,2015,50(1):16-19.
[22] 路璐,韩文炎,张金波,等.酸性土壤中脲酶水解为基础的古菌氨氧化[C].成都:中国土壤学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨第九届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会,2012:916-917.
[23] 于亚伟,张丽霞,韩晓阳.尿素不同配施处理对棕壤茶园土壤尿素转化及硝化作用影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1278-1282.
[24] Palatinszky M,Herbold C,Jehmlich N,et al.Cyanate as an energy source for nitrifiers[J].Nature,2015,524(7563):105.
[25] Chain P,Lamerdin J,Larimer F,et al.Complete genome sequence of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium and obligate chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2003,185(9):2759-2773.
[26] 侯保连,李安婕,孙趣.AHLs群体感应信号分子对硝化污泥附着生长及硝化效果的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2773-2779.
[27] 陈国科,黄钧,毕京芳,等.好氧颗粒污泥耐受高碳氮负荷过程中的群体感应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(1):73-79.
[28] 赵维殳,肖湘.多重极端环境中的生命:深海热液中的超嗜热古菌Thermococclaes[J].中国科学:生命科学,2017,47(5):470-481.
[29] 胡安谊,焦念志.氨氧化古菌——环境微生物生态学研究的一个前沿热点[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(4):370-379.
[30] 杨亚东,张明才,胡君蔚,等.施氮肥对华北平原土壤氨氧化细菌和古菌数量及群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3636-3646.
[31] 谢月,梁红,宋立全,等.东北沼泽湿地土壤中氨氧化微生物活性和丰度研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(3):546-551.
[32] 叶磊,祝贵兵,王雨,等.白洋淀湖滨湿地岸边带氨氧化古菌与氨氧化细菌的分布特性[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2209-2215.
[33] 李雨阳,文湘华,丁鵾,等.污水处理系统中氨氧化古菌的富集培养以及性质[J].微生物学报,2015,55(7):882-891.
[34] Courtens E N,Spieck E,Vilchez-Vargas R,et al.A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 ℃ opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal[J].Isme Journal,2016,10(9):2293-2303.
[35] Winkler H,Bassin J P,Robbert K,et al.Unravelling the reasons for disproportion in the ratio of AOB and NOB in aerobic granular sludge[J].Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology,2012,94(6):1657-1666.
[36] 郑平,冯孝善.硝化作用的生化原理[J].微生物学通报,1999(3):215-217.
[37] Petra P,Clemens S,Lianna P,et al.AmoA-targeted polymerase chain reaction primers for the specific detection and quantification of comammox Nitrospira in the environment[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:1-11.
[38] 史国帅,白莉,周立光.完全氨氧化菌及其硝化作用的研究进展[J].吉林建筑大学学报,2018,35(5):57-63.
[39] Wang Y,Ma L,Mao Y,et al.Comammox in drinking water systems[J].Water Research,2017,116:332-341.
[40] González-Cabaleiro R,Curtis T P,Ofi?eru I D.Study of the competition between complete nitrification by a single organism and ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[C].Palermo:Frontiers International Conference on Wastewater Treatment & Modelling,2017:287-291.
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