裸土起尘颗粒物中铅镉化学形态与矿物赋存特性研究
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摘要
为探索裸土起尘颗粒物中铅、镉的化学形态与矿物的赋存关系,通过采用铅、镉元素对土壤样品进行模拟污染并老化处理,在一定风速条件下进行实验,对模拟污染土壤的吹前表层土、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、吹后表层土中矿物组成、含量与重金属铅、镉的化学形态进行分析,同时重点探讨颗粒物中铅、镉的化学形态与矿物的关系。结果表明:裸土起尘颗粒物中铅的碳酸盐结合态所占比例最高,在44.28%～53.05%之间,镉的可交换态所占比例最高,在59.07%～75.9%之间;不同类型尘中矿物组成基本相同,其中黏土矿物(伊利石和绿泥石)所占比例较大,吹前表层土中为66.3%,起尘后的悬浮颗粒物中为85.1%;不同类型尘中碳酸盐结合态铅、可交换态镉含量与黏土矿物含量变化规律呈正相关。黏土矿物含量变化可能是导致裸土起尘颗粒物中铅、镉化学形态变化的主要因素。
In order to explore the relationship between the chemical morphology of lead and cadmium in dust particles of bare soil and the occurrence of minerals,the soil samples were subjected to pollution simulation and aging treatment by using lead and cadmium,and the experiment was carried out under a certain wind speed.The mineral composition and content of the surface soil before blowing,total suspended particulate matter(TSP),and the heavy metals lead and cadmium in the surface soil after blowing were analyzed.The relationship between the chemical forms of lead and cadmium in particulate matter and minerals was discussed.The results showed that proportion of lead carbonate binding state in the dust particles of bare soil is the highest,between 44.28% and 53.05% and that of cadmium exchangeable state was the highest,between 59.07% and 75.9%.The mineral composition of different types of dust is basically the same,among which clay minerals(illite and chlorite)account for a large proportion,66.3% in the topsoil before blowing,and 85.1% in the suspended particles after dusting.The content of carbonate bonded lead and exchangeable cadmium in different types of dust is positively correlated with the content of clay minerals.The changes of clay minerals may be the main factors leading to the changes of chemical forms of lead and cadmium in the dust particles of bare soil.
In order to explore the relationship between the chemical morphology of lead and cadmium in dust particles of bare soil and the occurrence of minerals,the soil samples were subjected to pollution simulation and aging treatment by using lead and cadmium,and the experiment was carried out under a certain wind speed.The mineral composition and content of the surface soil before blowing,total suspended particulate matter(TSP),and the heavy metals lead and cadmium in the surface soil after blowing were analyzed.The relationship between the chemical forms of lead and cadmium in particulate matter and minerals was discussed.The results showed that proportion of lead carbonate binding state in the dust particles of bare soil is the highest,between 44.28% and 53.05% and that of cadmium exchangeable state was the highest,between 59.07% and 75.9%.The mineral composition of different types of dust is basically the same,among which clay minerals(illite and chlorite)account for a large proportion,66.3% in the topsoil before blowing,and 85.1% in the suspended particles after dusting.The content of carbonate bonded lead and exchangeable cadmium in different types of dust is positively correlated with the content of clay minerals.The changes of clay minerals may be the main factors leading to the changes of chemical forms of lead and cadmium in the dust particles of bare soil.
引文
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[2]Mukherjee Arideep,Agrawal Madhoolika.A Global perspective of fine particulate matter pollution and its health effects[J].Reviews Of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,244.
[3]吴明,吴丹,夏俊荣,等.成都冬季PM_(2.5)化学组分污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2019,40(1):76-85.
[4]王彤,华阳,许庆成,等.京津冀郊区站点秋冬季大气PM_(2.5)来源解析[J/OL].环境科学,2019,40(3):1035-1042.
[5]钟立超,孙晓然.扬尘危害及抑尘技术的进展与评价[J].上海化工,2010,35(12):26-30.
[6]郝瑞彬,刘飞.我国城市扬尘污染现状及控制对策[J].环境保护科学,2003(6):1-3+6.
[7]王新民,王文娟,李杰,等.我国城市扬尘污染及其控制对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):588-592.
[8]Banerjee T,Murari V,Kumar M,et al.Source apportionment of airborne particulates through receptor modeling:Indian scenario[J].Atmospheric Research,2015(164-165):167-187.
[9]葛良全,刘合凡,郭生良,等.大气颗粒物浓度与重金属元素分析研究进展[J].科技导报,2014,32(33):67-74.
[10]汪玉洁,涂振权,周理,等.大气颗粒物重金属元素分析技术研究进展[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(4):1030-1032.
[11]Li Youping,Zhang Zhisheng,Liu Huifang,et al.Characteristics,sources and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5at a megacity of southwest China[J].Environmental geochemistry and health,2016,38(2).
[12]于扬,岑况,Stefan Norra,等.北京市PM_(2.5)中主要重金属元素污染特征及季节变化分析[J].现代地质,2012,26(5):975-982.
[13]Z H,Y S,H N,et al.Synthetic musk fragrances and heavy metals in snow samples of Beijing urban area,china[J].Atmospheric Research,2012:302-305.
[14]WHO.Environmental health criteria for cadmium[R].Geneva:WHO,1974.
[15]汪浪,李晓燕.中国城市PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)中重金属水平及分布差异[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(5):336-343.
[16]R V.O,F D.H,B M,et al.Multi-year hourly PM2.5carbon measurements in New York:diurnal,day of week and seasonal patterns[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(16):2043-2053.
[17]韩力慧,庄国顺,孙业乐,等.北京大气颗粒物污染本地源与外来源的区分---元素比值Mg/Al示踪法估算矿物气溶胶外来源的贡献[J].中国科学(B辑化学),2005(3):237-246.
[18]桑永恒,蒋贵.典型矿物材料修复重金属污染土壤的作用研究[J].世界有色金属,2018(14):228-229.
[19]谢华林,张萍,贺惠,等.大气颗粒物中重金属元素在不同粒径上的形态分布[J].环境工程,2002(6):55-57+5.
[20]Haiyan Li,Anbang Shi,Xiaoran Zhang.Particle size distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments from beijing olympic park[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,32(6):228-237.
[21]王岩,代群威,何思祺,等.四川盆地裸土起尘中颗粒物及重金属的赋存特性[J].安全与环境工程,2018,25(4):58-63.
[22]薛伟伟,谭先锋,李泽民,等.碎屑岩中长石的溶解机制及其对成岩作用的贡献[J].复杂油气藏,2015,8(1):1-6+61.
[23]朱占平,刘立,马瑞,等.鸡西盆地张新地区浅成侵入体对砂岩储层黏土矿物的影响[J].吉林大学学报(地),2010,40(5):1027-1034.
[24]刘正杰.重金属离子在黏土矿物上的吸附行为研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2013.
[25]陈江军,刘波,李智民,等.江汉平原典型场区土壤重金属赋存形态及其影响因素探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2018,32(4):551-556.
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