退化紫花针茅草原土壤团聚体稳定性分析
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摘要
文章在具有典型特征的紫花针茅草原设置退化程度不同的各研究样地,旨在探讨高寒草原土壤团聚体的稳定性变化,并采用野外观测、土样采集、室内试验的方法,测定了土壤团聚体含量组成、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)、分形维数(D)等指标。结果表明:退化高寒草原研究样地土壤机械稳定性、水稳性团聚体含量随着团聚体粒径的增大呈先减少后增加的变化趋势;随着退化程度的加剧和土层的加深,<0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量增加,水稳性团聚体含量高于机械稳定性团聚体含量,2～10 mm粒级团聚体含量减少,其含量变化则与前者相反;0～10 cm土层,土壤团聚体破坏率随着退化程度的加剧而增大,10～20 cm土层则呈相反变化趋势;各土层土壤机械稳定性、水稳性团聚体MWD和GMD随着退化程度的加剧而减小,其中轻度退化到中度退化是MWD、GMD减少的主要阶段;土壤团聚体分形维数随着退化程度加剧和土层加深而增大,<0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量与分形维数间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。研究样地0～30 cm土层范围内,随着退化程度的加剧和土层的加深,土壤团聚体稳定性变差。
In order to study the change of soil aggregates stability in alpine steppe, different degraded sample plots were set up in the Stipa purpurea steppe with typical characteristics, and the methods of field observation, soil sample collection and laboratory test were used to study the stability of soil aggregates. The composition of aggregates content,mean weight diameter(MWD), geometric mean diameter(GMD), the percentage of aggregates destruction(PAD), fractal dimension(D) and so on were determined. The results showed that the content of soil mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates of research sample plots in degraded alpine steppe decreased first and then increased with the increase of aggregates particle size. With the aggravation of degraded degree and the deepening of soil layer, the content of <0.25 mm aggregates increased and the water-stable aggregates content was higher than that of mechanicalstable aggregates, the content of 2～10 mm aggregates decreased and the change trend of 2～10 mm aggregates was opposite to the former. In 0～10 cm soil layer, the percentage of soil aggregates destruction increased with the increase of degradation degree, but the 10～20 cm soil layer showed an opposite trend. MWD and GMD of the mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates decreased with the degree of degradation aggravating, and the light to moderate degradation is the main stage of the decrease of MWD and GMD in all soil layers. The fractal dimension of aggregates increased with the aggravation of degraded degree and the deepening of soil layer, the content of <0.25 mm aggregates and the fractal dimension were extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.01). Within the 0～30 cm soil layer of the sample plot, with the aggravation of degraded degree and the deepening of soil layer, the stability of soil aggregates become worse.
In order to study the change of soil aggregates stability in alpine steppe, different degraded sample plots were set up in the Stipa purpurea steppe with typical characteristics, and the methods of field observation, soil sample collection and laboratory test were used to study the stability of soil aggregates. The composition of aggregates content,mean weight diameter(MWD), geometric mean diameter(GMD), the percentage of aggregates destruction(PAD), fractal dimension(D) and so on were determined. The results showed that the content of soil mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates of research sample plots in degraded alpine steppe decreased first and then increased with the increase of aggregates particle size. With the aggravation of degraded degree and the deepening of soil layer, the content of <0.25 mm aggregates increased and the water-stable aggregates content was higher than that of mechanicalstable aggregates, the content of 2～10 mm aggregates decreased and the change trend of 2～10 mm aggregates was opposite to the former. In 0～10 cm soil layer, the percentage of soil aggregates destruction increased with the increase of degradation degree, but the 10～20 cm soil layer showed an opposite trend. MWD and GMD of the mechanical-stable aggregates and water-stable aggregates decreased with the degree of degradation aggravating, and the light to moderate degradation is the main stage of the decrease of MWD and GMD in all soil layers. The fractal dimension of aggregates increased with the aggravation of degraded degree and the deepening of soil layer, the content of <0.25 mm aggregates and the fractal dimension were extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.01). Within the 0～30 cm soil layer of the sample plot, with the aggravation of degraded degree and the deepening of soil layer, the stability of soil aggregates become worse.
引文
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[14]岳鹏鹏,卢学峰,叶润蓉,等.长江源区紫花针茅草原群落数量分类与排序[J].广西植物,2014,34(5):635-641.Yue Pengpeng,Lu Xuefeng,Ye Runrong,et al.Quantitative classification and ordination of Stipa purpurea steppe community in source region of the Yangtze River[J].Guihaia,2014,34(5):635-641.
[15]王淑彬,杨文亭,杨滨娟,等.不同冬作物对双季稻田土壤团聚体结构及有机碳、全氮的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(1):1-9.Wang Shubin,Yang Wenting,Yang Binjuan,et al.Effects of different winter plantings on soil aggregate structure,organic carbon and total nitrogen in double rice field[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2018,40(1):1-9.
[16]江仁涛,李富程,沈凇涛.川西北高寒草地退化对土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):36-42.Jiang Rentao,Li Fucheng,Shen Songtao.Effects of degradation of alpine grassland on soil aggregates composition and stability in northwestern Sichuan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(4):36-42.
[17]陈帅,孙涛.松嫩草地不同退化阶段的土壤团聚体稳定性[J].草业科学,2016,34(2):217-223.Chen Shuai,Sun Tao.Research of soil aggregate stability in different degradation stages of Songnen grassland[J].Pratacultural Science,2016,34(2):217-223.
[18]王素娟,严小威,梁琼芳,等.中田大山楂林土壤团聚体结构研究[J].贺州学院学报,2018,34(1):149-153.Wang Sujuan,Yan Xiaowei,Liang Qiongfang,et al.The research of soil aggregate structure under Zhongtian large hawthorn plantations[J].Journal of Hezhou University,2018,34(1):149-153.
[19]蒋静,周运超,杜光平.石灰岩发育的乔木林下土壤团聚体形成的影响因素[J].中国水土保持,2011,10(7):47-50.Jiang Jing,Zhou Yunchao,Du Guangping.Affecting factors for forming soil aggregates under trees developed from limestone weathering[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011,10(7):47-50.
[20]谢贤健,张继.巨桉人工林下土壤团聚体稳定性及分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):175-179.Xie Xianjian,Zhang Ji.Soil aggregates and fractal features under different styles of Eucalyptus grands plantations[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):175-179.
[21]辛有俊,杜铁瑛.青海天然草地退化及恢复研究[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,2013,53.Xin Youjun,Du Tieying.Study on Degradation and Restoration of Natural Grassland in Qinghai[M].Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House,2013,53.
[22]冯瑞章,周万海,龙瑞,等.江河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理、化学及生物学特征研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(2):263-269.Feng Ruizhang,Zhou Wanhai,Long Rui,et al.Chemical and biological properties on degraded alpine meadows in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2010,41(2):263-269.
[23]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.Qi Yingchun,Wang Yiquan,Liu Jun,et al.Comparative study on composition of soil aggregates with different land use patterns and several kinds of soil aggregate stability index[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(1):340-347.
[24]王洋.不同退化程度下高寒草甸土壤有机碳及团聚体特征研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Wang Yang.Study of Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregates in Different Degraded Alpine Meadow[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
[2]魏卫东,刘育红,马辉,等.三江源区高寒草甸土壤与草地退化关系冗余分析[J].生态科学,2018,37(3):35-43.Wei Weidong,Liu Yuhong,Ma Hui,et al.Redundancy analysis of relationships between soil and grassland degradation on alpine meadow in the Source Region of Three Rivers[J].Ecological Science,2018,37(3):35-43.
[3]岳鹏鹏,孙菁,卢学峰,等.青海高原紫花针茅草原群落数量分类与排序[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(5):1047-1054.Yue Pengpeng,Sun Jing,Lu Xuefeng,et al.Quantitative classification and ordination of Stipa purpurea steppe community in Qinghai plateau[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(5):1047-1054.
[4]乔鲜果,郭柯,赵利清,等.青藏高原羽柱针茅草原的分布、群落特征和分类[J].地理研究,2017,36(12):2432-2440.Qiao Xianguo,Guo Ke,Zhao Liqing,et al.Distribution,community characteristics and classification of Stipa basiplumosa steppe on Tibetan Plateau[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(12):2432-2440.
[5]岳鹏鹏,卢学峰,叶润蓉,等.青海湖地区紫花针茅草原群落特征[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):10-19.Yue Pengpeng,Lu Xuefeng,Ye Runrong,et al.Community characteristic of Stipa purpurea steppe in the Qinghai Lake region[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):10-19.
[6]马兴赟,铁媛.环湖地区不同退化程度紫花针茅草地群落结构特征与地下生物量的变化[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2012,12(8):88-90.Ma Xingyun,Tie Yuan.Community structure characteristics and underground biomass changes of Stipa purpurea grassland with different degraded degrees around the lake area[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2012,12(8):88-90.
[7]杨晓梅.不同退化程度下紫花针茅草地群落结构特征与地下生物量的变化[J].养殖与饲料,2009,8(8):53-56.Yang Xiaomei.Community characteristics and underground biomass changes of Stipa purpurea grassland under different degradation degrees[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,2009,8(8):53-56.
[8]张静,张生荣.不同退化程度下紫花针茅草地群落结构特征与地下生物量的变化[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009,17(24):60-62.Zhang Jing,Zhang Shengrong.Community structure characteristics of Stipa purpurea grassland under different degradation degrees changes of underground biomass[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2009,17(24):60-62.
[9]岳鹏鹏,卢学峰,叶润蓉,等.江河源不同区域紫花针茅草原群落特征[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1116-1125.Yue Pengpeng,Lu Xuefeng,Ye Runrong,et al.Community characteristics of Stipa purpurea steppe in source regions of Yangtze and Yellow rivers,China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(5):1116-1125.
[10]王军,王冠钦,李飞,等.短期增温对紫花针茅草原土壤微生物群落的影响[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(1):116-125.Wang Jun,Wang Guanqin,Li Fei,et al.Effects of shortterm experimental warming on soil microbes in a typical alpine steppe[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2018,42(1):116-125.
[11]蔺莹,欧其尔,冯丽,等.天山高寒草原紫花针茅群落特征的时间变化[J].天津师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):65-69.Lin Ying,Ochir,Feng Li,et al.Temporal changes of the characteristics of Stipa purpurea community in alpine grassland in the Tianshan Mountain[J].Journal of Tianjin Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2016,36(5):65-69.
[12]李以康,张法伟,林丽,等.青海湖区紫花针茅草原封育导致的土壤养分时空变化特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(1):23-29.Li Yikang,Zhang Fawei,Lin Li,et al.Spatiotemporal variation in soil nutrient of Stipa purpurea steppe fenced in the Qinghai Lake region[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2012,18(1):23-29.
[13]刘洋,彭敏,卢学峰,等.青海巴滩地区紫花针茅草原群落种间联结研究[J].草业科学,2007,24(2):1-5.Liu Yang,Peng Min,Lu Xuefeng,et al.Interspecific association analysis in Stipa purpurea community in Batan area in Qinghai[J].Pratacultural Science,2007,24(2):1-5.
[14]岳鹏鹏,卢学峰,叶润蓉,等.长江源区紫花针茅草原群落数量分类与排序[J].广西植物,2014,34(5):635-641.Yue Pengpeng,Lu Xuefeng,Ye Runrong,et al.Quantitative classification and ordination of Stipa purpurea steppe community in source region of the Yangtze River[J].Guihaia,2014,34(5):635-641.
[15]王淑彬,杨文亭,杨滨娟,等.不同冬作物对双季稻田土壤团聚体结构及有机碳、全氮的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(1):1-9.Wang Shubin,Yang Wenting,Yang Binjuan,et al.Effects of different winter plantings on soil aggregate structure,organic carbon and total nitrogen in double rice field[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2018,40(1):1-9.
[16]江仁涛,李富程,沈凇涛.川西北高寒草地退化对土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):36-42.Jiang Rentao,Li Fucheng,Shen Songtao.Effects of degradation of alpine grassland on soil aggregates composition and stability in northwestern Sichuan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(4):36-42.
[17]陈帅,孙涛.松嫩草地不同退化阶段的土壤团聚体稳定性[J].草业科学,2016,34(2):217-223.Chen Shuai,Sun Tao.Research of soil aggregate stability in different degradation stages of Songnen grassland[J].Pratacultural Science,2016,34(2):217-223.
[18]王素娟,严小威,梁琼芳,等.中田大山楂林土壤团聚体结构研究[J].贺州学院学报,2018,34(1):149-153.Wang Sujuan,Yan Xiaowei,Liang Qiongfang,et al.The research of soil aggregate structure under Zhongtian large hawthorn plantations[J].Journal of Hezhou University,2018,34(1):149-153.
[19]蒋静,周运超,杜光平.石灰岩发育的乔木林下土壤团聚体形成的影响因素[J].中国水土保持,2011,10(7):47-50.Jiang Jing,Zhou Yunchao,Du Guangping.Affecting factors for forming soil aggregates under trees developed from limestone weathering[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011,10(7):47-50.
[20]谢贤健,张继.巨桉人工林下土壤团聚体稳定性及分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):175-179.Xie Xianjian,Zhang Ji.Soil aggregates and fractal features under different styles of Eucalyptus grands plantations[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):175-179.
[21]辛有俊,杜铁瑛.青海天然草地退化及恢复研究[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,2013,53.Xin Youjun,Du Tieying.Study on Degradation and Restoration of Natural Grassland in Qinghai[M].Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House,2013,53.
[22]冯瑞章,周万海,龙瑞,等.江河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理、化学及生物学特征研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(2):263-269.Feng Ruizhang,Zhou Wanhai,Long Rui,et al.Chemical and biological properties on degraded alpine meadows in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2010,41(2):263-269.
[23]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.Qi Yingchun,Wang Yiquan,Liu Jun,et al.Comparative study on composition of soil aggregates with different land use patterns and several kinds of soil aggregate stability index[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(1):340-347.
[24]王洋.不同退化程度下高寒草甸土壤有机碳及团聚体特征研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Wang Yang.Study of Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregates in Different Degraded Alpine Meadow[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
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