台风引发的底泥扰动对水源水质的影响及保护建议
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摘要
以水库水作为饮用水水源的宁波,在台风影响下水库水质污染类型复杂。通过对水库底泥和溪流底泥的对比研究发现,上游溪流底泥比水库底泥污染严重,溪流底泥中氨氮含量呈"表层低、底层高"分布;台风引发的上游溪流底泥扰动会引起水库水的浊度、氨氮、CODMn含量升高,水源水出现的污染与溪流底泥的扰动密切相关;水库底泥由于受到水源地良好的保护,受到扰动后,对上覆水水质的影响微弱;在台风影响下水源水出现的突发性铁污染与底泥扰动无关;为减弱上游流域底泥受到的潜在污染,可以在上游流域保护区内进行生态移民、退耕还林、建立生态缓冲带、关闭工业源等措施,防止各类污染物进入溪流底泥,从而减弱上游底泥在台风扰动下对水源水质造成的污染。
Reservoir water is used as the drinking water source in Ningbo,and the type of reservoir water pollution is complex under the influence of typhoon. It was found that,the upstream sediment contained more pollutants than the reservoir sediment. The ammonia nitrogen content in the upstream sediment was low in surface layer and high in bottom layer. The upstream sediment disturbance caused by typhoon resulted in the increase of turbidity,ammonia nitrogen,and oxygen consumption (CODMn) in the reservoir; thus,the pollution of source water was closely related to the disturbance of upstream sediment. The disturbed sediment in the reservoir had minimal influence on the water quality of the top layer,due to the comprehensive protection of water source. The abrupt iron pollution in the source water under the influence of typhoon was unrelated to the sediment disturbance. Ecological migration,returning farmland to forest,establishing ecological buffer zone,and shutting down industrial sources could be implemented to control the pollution of sediment in the upstream of the river basin and to protect water quality in top layer in the reservoir under the disturbance of typhoon.
Reservoir water is used as the drinking water source in Ningbo,and the type of reservoir water pollution is complex under the influence of typhoon. It was found that,the upstream sediment contained more pollutants than the reservoir sediment. The ammonia nitrogen content in the upstream sediment was low in surface layer and high in bottom layer. The upstream sediment disturbance caused by typhoon resulted in the increase of turbidity,ammonia nitrogen,and oxygen consumption (CODMn) in the reservoir; thus,the pollution of source water was closely related to the disturbance of upstream sediment. The disturbed sediment in the reservoir had minimal influence on the water quality of the top layer,due to the comprehensive protection of water source. The abrupt iron pollution in the source water under the influence of typhoon was unrelated to the sediment disturbance. Ecological migration,returning farmland to forest,establishing ecological buffer zone,and shutting down industrial sources could be implemented to control the pollution of sediment in the upstream of the river basin and to protect water quality in top layer in the reservoir under the disturbance of typhoon.
引文
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[3]Fakour H,Lo S L,Lin T F.Impacts of Typhoon Soudelor(2015)on the water quality of Taipei,Taiwan[J].Scientific Reports,2016.DOI:10.1038/srep25228.
[4]Iwasaki S,Kato S.Analysis of prolonged water pollution caused by typhoon in Miyagawa River[J].Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment,2006,29(11):749-754.
[5]Islam M M,Chou F N F,Liaw C H.Evaluation of dualmode rainwater harvesting system to mitigate typhooninduced water shortage in Taiwan[J].Water Sci Technol,2010,62(1):140-147.
[6]Hsu S M,Tseng C M,Lin C C.Antecedent bottom conditions of reservoirs as key factors for high turbidity in muddy water caused by storm rainfall[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001241.
[7]Lee C S,Lee Y C,Chiang H M.Abrupt state change of river water quality(turbidity):Effect of extreme rainfalls and typhoons[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,557/558:91-101.
[8]Chen W,Zhou Z X,He J R,et al.Effect of typhoon with extreme precipitation on mountain reservoir drinking water treatment:a case study in Ningbo,China[J].Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment,2017(2):1-6.
[9]蓝雪春,程岚.宁波市水土保持区划研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(1):141-147.Lan Xuechun,Cheng Lan.Study on the regionalization of soil and water conservation in Ningbo City[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(1):141-147(in Chinese).
[10]Wang Q,Yu D,Xiong W,et al.Do freshwater plants have adaptive responses to typhoon-impacted regimes?[J].Aquatic Botany,2010,92(4):285-288.
[11]杨宗贵.某给水厂应对自然灾害引发异常情况的生产实践[J].给水排水,2007,33(3):56-57.Yang Zonggui.Practice on deal with natural disaster in waterworks[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2007,33(3):56-57(in Chinese).
[12]Valipour R,Boegman L,Bouffard D,et al.Sediment resuspension mechanisms and their contributions to high-turbidity events in a large lake[J].Limnology&Oceanography,2017.DOI:10.1002/lno.10485.
[13]张婧,翟洪艳,季民.混凝对藻源有机物的去除及其消毒副产物的控制[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(3):56-60.Zhang Jing,Zhai Hongyan,Ji Min.Removal of algal organic matter and control of disinfection by-products by coagulation[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,32(3):56-60(in Chinese).
[14]Zha X S,Ma L M,Wu J,et al.The removal of organic precursors of DBPs during three advanced water treatment processes including ultrafiltration,biofiltration,and ozonation[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(16):16641-16652.
[15]吉立,刘晶,李志威,等.2011-2015年我国水污染事件及原因分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(9):775-782.Ji Li,Liu Jing,Li Zhiwei,et al.Accidents of water pollution in China in 2011-2015 and their causes[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(9):775-782(in Chinese).
[16]陈锋,孟凡生,王业耀,等.地表水环境污染物受体模型源解析研究与应用进展[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(2):32-37.Chen Feng,Meng Fansheng,Wang Yeyao,et al.Research and application progress of source apportionment in receptor model for surface water pollutant[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016,14(2):32-37(in Chinese).
[17]赵晶,赵和平,许良峰,等.复合人工湿地对水源地库区水质净化效果分析[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(12):4816-4822.Zhao Jing,Zhao Heping,Xu Liangfeng,et al.Analysis of water purification efficiency of integrated constructed wetland in drinking water supply reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(12):4816-4822(in Chinese).
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