去势对淮南公猪背最长肌转录组的影响
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摘要
旨在分析去势对猪背最长肌基因表达的影响,探讨去势对肉质性状的分子调控机制。本研究将6头健康公猪分为两组,去势组和非去势组(对照组),在体重达到130 kg时(大约300～315日龄)采集背最长肌样品,利用Illumina HiSeq 2000高通量RNA-seq测序技术对两组猪背最长肌进行转录组测序,使用DESeq软件筛选差异表达基因,并在GO和KEGG数据库中对这些差异表达基因进行功能注释和富集分析。结果显示,去势和非去势淮南公猪分别获得83 613 018和83 746 508条可用读段,与猪参考基因组(Sscrofa10.2)的比对率分别为73.78%和74.09%。与非去势组相比,去势后共有差异表达基因935个,其中上调基因503个,下调基因432个(P<0.05且|log_2(Fold Change)|>0.8)。其中与肌肉发育相关上/下调最显著的基因分别是胶原蛋白XI型α1(COL11A1)和血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AGTR1),而与脂肪代谢相关上/下调最显著的基因分别是硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD-1)和脂肪特异性磷脂酶A2(PLA2G16)。GO和KEGG通路分析发现,两组差异表达基因显著富集于胰岛素、脂解、脂肪酸延长等脂质代谢相关通路,以及肾上腺素能、心肌收缩、磷酸腺苷活化的蛋白激酶等肌肉发育相关通路。本研究表明,去势后公猪脂肪沉积能力增强,肌肉发育改变,肉质性状随之改变。SCD-1、激素敏感脂酶(HSL)、葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(AKT)、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MEK)等12个差异表达基因能同时或部分参与激素分泌、脂肪沉积和肌肉发育的调控,这些基因与去势后肉质性状的改变显著相关,值得进行进一步的功能验证。
The aim of this study was to detect the influence of castration on gene expression in porcine longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle and reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of castration on porcine meat quality. Six healthy Huainan male pigs were divided into 2 groups, castrated group and intact group(control group), the LD muscle was collected when their body weight achieved 130 kg(300-315 days of age). The LD muscle transcriptomes of pigs in the 2 groups were analyzed by Illumina HiSeq 2000 high-throughput RNA sequencing system. The differentially expressed genes were screened using DESeq software. All of differentially expressed genes were annotated by using GO and KEGG databases. The results showed that 83 613 018 and 83 746 508 reads were obtained from the castrated and intact groups, respectively. And the ratios of these reads to porcine reference genome(Sscrofa10.2) were 73.78% and 74.09%, respectively. Compared with intact pigs, there were 935 differentially expressed genes in LD muscle of castrated pigs, of which 503 up-regulated genes and 432 down-regulated genes(P<0.05 and |log_2(Fold Change)|>0.8). The top up-and down-regulated differentially expressed genes associated with muscle development were collagen type XI alpha 1 chain(COL11 A1) and angiotensin II receptor type 1(AGTR1) in castrated group vs intact group. Similarly, the top up-and down-regulated differentially expressed genes associated with lipid metabolism were stearoyl-coA desaturase 1(SCD-1) and phospholipase A2 group XVI(PLA2 G16). GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with lipid metabolism(like insulin, lipolysis, fatty acid elongation) and muscular development(such as adrenergic signaling, muscle contraction, AMPK signaling pathway) related pathways. In conclusion, castration can increase male pigs' lipid deposition, change muscular development and meat quality. There were 12 differentially expressed genes, including SCD-1, hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL), glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4), serine/threonine kinase(AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MEK), and so on. It was reported that these genes could regulate hormone secretion, muscle development and lipid deposition. These genes were significantly associated with the alteration of meat quality in porcine after castration, so they were worth of further functional verification.
The aim of this study was to detect the influence of castration on gene expression in porcine longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle and reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of castration on porcine meat quality. Six healthy Huainan male pigs were divided into 2 groups, castrated group and intact group(control group), the LD muscle was collected when their body weight achieved 130 kg(300-315 days of age). The LD muscle transcriptomes of pigs in the 2 groups were analyzed by Illumina HiSeq 2000 high-throughput RNA sequencing system. The differentially expressed genes were screened using DESeq software. All of differentially expressed genes were annotated by using GO and KEGG databases. The results showed that 83 613 018 and 83 746 508 reads were obtained from the castrated and intact groups, respectively. And the ratios of these reads to porcine reference genome(Sscrofa10.2) were 73.78% and 74.09%, respectively. Compared with intact pigs, there were 935 differentially expressed genes in LD muscle of castrated pigs, of which 503 up-regulated genes and 432 down-regulated genes(P<0.05 and |log_2(Fold Change)|>0.8). The top up-and down-regulated differentially expressed genes associated with muscle development were collagen type XI alpha 1 chain(COL11 A1) and angiotensin II receptor type 1(AGTR1) in castrated group vs intact group. Similarly, the top up-and down-regulated differentially expressed genes associated with lipid metabolism were stearoyl-coA desaturase 1(SCD-1) and phospholipase A2 group XVI(PLA2 G16). GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with lipid metabolism(like insulin, lipolysis, fatty acid elongation) and muscular development(such as adrenergic signaling, muscle contraction, AMPK signaling pathway) related pathways. In conclusion, castration can increase male pigs' lipid deposition, change muscular development and meat quality. There were 12 differentially expressed genes, including SCD-1, hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL), glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4), serine/threonine kinase(AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MEK), and so on. It was reported that these genes could regulate hormone secretion, muscle development and lipid deposition. These genes were significantly associated with the alteration of meat quality in porcine after castration, so they were worth of further functional verification.
引文
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[2] 张阳海,李永,曹迪,等.睾酮对动物生殖和生长发育影响的研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(1):1-7.ZHANG Y H,LI Y,CAO D,et al.Research progress on effect of testosterone on the animal reproduction and growth[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2018,39(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[3] 李宇,赵张晗,段春辉,等.去势对小尾寒羊公羔育肥及肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(12):103-108.LI Y,ZHAO Z H,DUAN C H,et al.Effect of castration on fattening and meat quality of male Small-tail Han lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(12):103-108.(in Chinese)
[4] 杜环利,尚伟伟,周振金,等.去势对公猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(6):27-32.DU H L,SHANG W W,ZHOU Z J,et al.Effects of castration on growth performance and carcass qualities in the boar[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,46(6):27-32.(in Chinese)
[5] 姜锦鹏,宁康健,应如海.脱氢表雄酮对去势公猪胴体品质与抗氧化能力的影响[J].安徽科技学院学报,2018,32(4):1-7.JIANG J P,NING K J,YING R H.Effects of dietary dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on carcass quality and anti-oxidative capability in barrows[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2018,32(4):1-7.(in Chinese)
[6] 谢宝财.性别对关中黑猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.XIE B C.Effects of gender on growth performance,carcasstraits and meat quality in Guanzhong black pigs[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.(in Chinese)
[7] 林家栋,张福平,龚俞,等.中草药去势对公鸡肌肉品质的影响[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2018,42(2):9-13.LIN J D,ZHANG F P,GONG Y,et al.Herbal castration on rooster meat quality[J].Guizhou Journal of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,42(2):9-13.(in Chinese)
[8] 郭同军,臧长江,王连群,等.去势对西门塔尔牛牛肉品质的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(1):152-160.GUO T J,ZANG C J,WANG L Q,et al.Effect of castration on meat quality of simmental cattle[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(1):152-160.(in Chinese)
[9] 蔡兆伟,陈民利,张立凡,等.去势对猪脂肪沉积及其关键基因表达的影响[J].农业生物技术学报,2013,21(10):1203-1209.CAI Z W,CHEN M L,ZHANG L F,et al.Effects of castration on fat deposition and its related gene expression in adipose tissues of male pigs (Sus scrofa)[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology,2013,21(10):1203-1209.(in Chinese)
[10] BAI Y,HUANG J M,LIU G,et al.A comprehensive microRNA expression profile of the backfat tissue from castrated and intact full-sib pair male pigs[J].BMC Genomics,2014,15:47.
[11] CAI Z W,ZHANG L F,CHEN M L,et al.Castration-induced changes in microRNA expression profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male pigs[J].J Appl Genet,2014,55(2):259-266.
[12] CAI Z W,ZHANG L F,JIANG X L,et al.Differential miRNA expression profiles in the Longissimus dorsi muscle between intact and castrated male pigs[J].Res Vet Sci,2015,99:99-104.
[13] WANG J,HUA L S,CHEN J F,et al.Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs in subcutaneous adipose tissue from castrated and intact full-sib pair Huainan male pigs[J].BMC Genomics,2017,18(1):542.
[14] XING B S,BAI X X,GUO H X,et al.Long non-coding RNA analysis of muscular responses to testosterone deficiency in Huainan male pigs[J].Anim Sci J,2017,88(9):1451-1456.
[15] SHEN M Q,SHI H F.Sex hormones and their receptors regulate liver energy homeostasis[J].Int J Endocrinol,2015,2015:294278.
[16] 赵冉,袁中尚,巩光平,等.性激素对脂代谢的影响及其临床应用进展[J].山东医药,2015,55(37):98-100.ZHAO R,YUAN Z S,GONG G P,et al.The effect of sex hormones on lipid metabolism and its clinical application progress[J].Shandong Medical Journal,2015,55(37):98-100.(in Chinese)
[17] JUNG K Y,AHN H Y,HAN S K,et al.Association between thyroid function and lipid profiles,apolipoproteins,and high-density lipoprotein function[J].J Clin Lipidol,2017,11(6):1347-1353.
[18] SHAMNI O,COHEN G,GRUZMAN A,et al.Regulation of GLUT4 activity in myotubes by 3-O-methyl-D-glucose[J].Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr,2017,1859(10):1900-1910.
[19] 刘嘉琪,程晓芳,周亭亭,等.广西巴马小型猪Glut4基因克隆和真核表达[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(7):1690-1695.LIU J Q,CHENG X F,ZHOU T T,et al.Cloning and eukaryotic expression of Glut4 gene from Guangxi Bama mini-pig[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(7):1690-1695.(in Chinese)
[20] 熊信威.猪12号染色体上增加肌内脂肪含量的因果基因及其因果突变的鉴别与作用机理研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2017.XIONG X W.Identification of the causative gene and mutation for increasing IMF content at SSC12 and its mechanism study[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[21] HSIAO T J,LIN E.The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic phenotypes in a Taiwanese population[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2016,433:20-25.
[22] DI J Y,DAI M L,ZHANG Z X.ENPP1 K121Q (rs1044498 C > A) genetic polymorphism confers a high risk of susceptibility to coronary heart disease:a PRISMA-compliant article[J].Medicine (Baltimore),2018,97(27):e11236.
[23] MILTIADOU D,HAGER-THEODORIDES A L,SYMEOU S,et al.Variants in the 3' untranslated region of the ovine acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 gene are associated with dairy traits and exhibit differential allelic expression[J].J Dairy Sci,2017,100(8):6285-6297.
[24] 王倩倩,杨彪,夏丽丽,等.鹅乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶2基因的克隆及其在鹅肥肝形成过程中的表达变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(4):700-708.WANG Q Q,YANG B,XIA L L,et al.Cloning of goose acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 and its expression pattern in the development of fatty liver[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2016,47(4):700-708.(in Chinese)
[25] POLONI S,BLOM H J,SCHWARTZ I V D.Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1:is It the link between sulfur amino acids and lipid metabolism?[J].Biology (Basel),2015,4(2):383-396.
[26] SZTALRYD C,BRASAEMLE D L.The perilipin family of lipid droplet proteins:gatekeepers of intracellular lipolysis[J].Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids,2017,1862(10):1221-1232.
[27] 赵志武,王君实,马敏,等.下调Perilipin 1基因表达对3T3-L1细胞脂解的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2016,36(3):17-22.ZHAO Z W,WANG J S,MA M,et al.Effect of down-regulated Perilipin 1 gene expression on lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J].China Biotechnology,2016,36(3):17-22.(in Chinese)
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