上海南京东路热舒适分析与评价

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：The Analysis and Evaluation of Thermal Comfort at Nanjing East Road,Shanghai 作者：刘滨谊 ; 彭旭路 英文作者：LIU Binyi;PENG Xulu;the Landscape Architecture Discipline Professional Committee,Tongji University;the Department of Landscape,Tongji University;the review group of the landscape architecture discipline of the State Council Academic Degree Committee;the College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University; 关键词：风景园林 ; 小气候 ; 热舒适 ; 南京东路 英文关键词：landscape architecture;;microclimate;;thermal comfort;;Nanjing East Road 中文刊名：风景园林 英文刊名：Landscape Architecture 机构：同济大学风景园林学科专业委员会;同济大学景观学系;国务院学位委员会风景园林学科评议组;同济大学建筑与城市规划学院; 出版日期：2019-04-15 出版单位：风景园林 年：2019 期：04 基金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号51338007)~~ 语种：中文; 页：85-90 页数：6 CN：11-5366/S ISSN：1673-1530 分类号：TU119

摘要

为探析夏热冬冷地区城市街道的空间因子对小气候与人体热舒适的影响及相互作用规律,通过对上海南京东路步行街中典型的风景园林空间按顶面遮蔽方式分为4种空间类型下的12个测点进行冬夏两季小气候实测及热舒适问卷调查,分析不同顶面遮蔽对风景园林小气候风湿热的影响差异,并结合热舒适评价指标的计算和使用者热舒适问卷,评价不同顶面遮蔽空间下人体热舒适感受。结果显示:1)根据热舒适问卷,建筑遮蔽区位于街道北侧的悬挑区在冬季最舒适,夏季最舒适的是树荫全遮蔽区;2)通过改善空间遮蔽程度与类型,根据风向与距街道十字交叉口的距离合理进行街道设计可以对街道中的太阳辐射与风环境产生显著影响,从而改善街道热舒适;3)采用生理等效温度(PET)指标计算的热中性范围冬季是16.90～28.95℃,夏季是9.05～22.57℃;4)PET评价在高温季节低估了风速对热舒适的影响,提出了基于问卷的热舒适预测方程。可为未来城市街道的舒适性规划建设提供经验与参考。
        To study the influence of spatial factors on microclimate and human body thermal comfort in urban streets of hot summer and cold winter regions and their interaction laws, this paper has observed the microclimates in winter and summer and made thermal comfort questionnaires of the typical landscape space,under the top shelter mode, at 12 measurement points under four spatial types in the pedestrian street of Nanjing East Road, Shanghai. Then it analyzes different influences of various top shelters on the wind, humidity and temperature of the microclimate of the landscape architecture and, along with the calculation of the thermal comfort evaluation index and the user thermal comfort questionnaire, evaluates the human body thermal comfort under different top shelter space. The result shows that: 1) According to the questionnaire, the overhanging area of the building shelter area to the north side of the street is the most comfortable in winter, and the full tree shaded area is the most comfortable in summer. 2) By improving the degree and type of spatial shelter, a reasonable street design according to the wind directions and the distance from the street intersections can significantly affect the solar radiation and wind environment in the streets, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the streets. 3) The thermal neutral temperature range calculated by Physiological Equivalent Temperature(PET) are 16.90～28.95℃ in winter and 9.05～22.57℃ in summer. 4) The PET evaluation has underestimated the influence of wind speed on thermal comfort in the high temperature season. The paper has proposed a thermal comfort prediction equation based on the questionnaires. This research will provide experience and reference for the planning and construction of comfort of urban streets in the future.

引文

[1]刘滨谊,魏冬雪.城市绿色空间热舒适评述与展望[J].规划师,2017,33(3):102-107.
    [2]李凌舒,刘滨谊.街道夏季热环境多要素影响研究[C]//中国风景园林学会.中国风景园林学会2016年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:6.
    [3]张宇峰.能量平衡与街谷微气候[J].建筑科学,2016,32(10):96-104.
    [4]STEEMERS K,BAKER N,CROWTHER D,et.al.Radiation Absorption and Urban Texture[J].Building Research and Information,1998,26:103-112.
    [5]邵钰涵,刘滨谊.城市街道空间小气候参数及其景观影响要素研究[J].风景园林,2016,(10):98-104.
    [6]ELIASSON I.Infrared Thermography and Urban Temperature Patterns[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1992,13(5):869-879.
    [7]Unger J.Intra-urban Relationship between Surface Geometry and Urban Heat Island:Review and New Approach[J].Climate Research,2004,27(3):253-264.
    [8]HART MA,SAILOR DJ.Quantifying the Influence of Land-use and Surface Characteristics on Spatial Variability in the Urban Heat Island[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2009,95(3):397-406.
    [9]WONG NH,JUSUF SK,SYAFII NI,et al.Evaluation of the Impact of the Surrounding Urban Morphology on Building Energy Consumption[J].Solar Energy,2011,85(1):57-71.
    [10]SHASHUA-BAR L,TZAMIR Y,HOFFMAN ME.Thermal Effects of Building Geometry and Spacing on the Urban Canopy Layer Microclimate in a Hot-humid Climate in Summer[J].International Journal of Climatology,2004,24(13):1729-1742.
    [11]KUBOTA T,MIURA M,TOMINAGA Y,et.al.Wind Tunnel Tests on the Relationship between Building Density and Pedestrian Level Wind Velocity:Development of Guidelines for Realizing Acceptable Wind Environment in Residential Neighborhoods[J].Building and Environment,2008,43(10):1699-1708.
    [12]李单.上海城市街道小气候要素与空间形态关系测析[D].上海:同济大学,2015.
    [13]上海历史天气统计[EB/OL].(2018-09-01)[2018-10-09]http://lishi.tianqi.com/shanghai/index.html.
    [14]比雅克·英格斯,冷到热:建筑适应之旅[M].张天翔,胡一可,译.南京:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社,2017.
    [15]ASHRAE(American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Airconditioning Engineers).Handbook of fundamentals:physiological principles,comfort,health[M].New York:ASHRAE,Inc.,1997.
    [16]MAYER H,H?PPE P.Thermal Comfort of Man in Different Urban Environments[J].Theor Appl Climatol,1987,38:43-49.
    [17]刘滨谊,魏冬雪.场地绿色基础设施对户外热舒适的影响[J].中国城市林业,2016,14(5):1-5.
    [18]刘滨谊,魏冬雪,李凌舒.上海国歌广场热舒适研究[J].中国园林,2017,33(4):5-11.
    [19]李凌舒.上海城市广场空间形态与小气候人体热舒适关系测析[D].上海:同济大学,2017.
    [20]LIN T P.Thermal Perception,Adaptation and Attendance in a Public Square in Hot and Humid Regions[J].Building and Environment,2009,44(10):2017-2026.
    [21]MATZARAKIS A,Mayer H,LZIOMON M G.Application of a Universal Thermal Indes:Physiological Equivalent Temperature[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1999,43(2):76-84.
    文中图表均由作者自绘。