豆科绿肥间作对小青菜品质和土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
通过对小青菜单作、小青菜紫云英间作、小青菜箭舌豌豆间作进行田间试验,研究豆科绿肥间作对小青菜生长的影响情况.结果表明:小青菜与两种豆科绿肥间作,均显著增加小青菜菜苔产量,其中紫云英间作使小青菜菜苔增产28.4%;豆科绿肥间作能够改善菜苔品质,其中紫云英间作使菜苔可溶性蛋白质和可溶性总糖含量分别增加33.6%和73.6%;豆科绿肥间作显著提高土壤酶活性,其中紫云英间作使土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶的活性分别提高23.8%, 22.2%和23.9%,增肥效果显著,是可以优先考虑的栽培模式.
To study the effects of intercropping of leguminous green manure on the growth of Brassica chinensis, a field experiment was carried out in the suburb of Shanghai. The experiments included there treatments: single cropping of Brassica chinensis, intercropping of Brassica chinensis and Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.), and intercropping of Brassica chinensis and Spring vetch(Vicia gigantean Bge.). The results show that intercropping of leguminous green manure can significantly increase the plant height and sprout yield of the vegetable. Especially, intercropping of Chines milk vetch increased the yield of vegetable sprouts by 28.4%. Moreover, intercropping of leguminous green manure can also improve vegetable quality and raise activities of soil enzymes significantly.Intercropping of Brassica chinensis and Chines milk vetch can increase the contents of soluble proteins and soluble sugar in the vegetable sprouts by 33.6% and 73.6%, and raise activities of urease, sucrose and phosphatase by 23.8%, 22.2% and 23.9%, respectively.This can reduce application of chemical fertilizer and improve both the vegetable yield and quality, providing a better mode of Brassica chinensis cultivation.
To study the effects of intercropping of leguminous green manure on the growth of Brassica chinensis, a field experiment was carried out in the suburb of Shanghai. The experiments included there treatments: single cropping of Brassica chinensis, intercropping of Brassica chinensis and Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.), and intercropping of Brassica chinensis and Spring vetch(Vicia gigantean Bge.). The results show that intercropping of leguminous green manure can significantly increase the plant height and sprout yield of the vegetable. Especially, intercropping of Chines milk vetch increased the yield of vegetable sprouts by 28.4%. Moreover, intercropping of leguminous green manure can also improve vegetable quality and raise activities of soil enzymes significantly.Intercropping of Brassica chinensis and Chines milk vetch can increase the contents of soluble proteins and soluble sugar in the vegetable sprouts by 33.6% and 73.6%, and raise activities of urease, sucrose and phosphatase by 23.8%, 22.2% and 23.9%, respectively.This can reduce application of chemical fertilizer and improve both the vegetable yield and quality, providing a better mode of Brassica chinensis cultivation.
引文
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[18]Luo S S,Yu L L,Liu Y,et al.Effects of reduced nitrogen input on productivity and N2Oemissions in a sugarcane/soybean intercropping system[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,81:78-85.
[19]Chapagain T,Riseman A.Barley-pea intercropping:effects on land productivity,carbon and nitrogen transformations[J].Field Crops Research,2014,166:18-25.
[20]Sadeghpour A,Jahanzad E,Esmaeili A,et al.Forage yield,quality and economic benefit of intercropped barley and annual medic in semi-arid conditions:additive series[J].Field Crops Research,2013,148:43-48.
[21]Stoltz E,Nadeau E,Wallenhammar A C.Intercropping maize and faba bean for silage under swedish climate conditions[J].Agricultural Research,2013,2(1):90-97.
[22]Stoltz E,Nadeau E.Effects of intercropping on yield,weed incidence,forage quality and soil residual N in organically grown forage maize(Zea mays L.)and faba bean(Vicia faba L.)[J].Field Crops Research,2014,169:21-29.
[23]Zhang X Q,Huang G Q,Bian X X,et al.Effects of intercropping on quality and yield of maize grain,microorganism quantity,and enzyme activities in soils[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(22):7082-7090.
[24]Schloter M,Dilly O,Munch J C.Indicators for evaluating soil quality[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2003,98(1):255-262.
[25]Zhou X G,Yu G B,Wu F Z.Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities,microbial communities and cucumber yield[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2011,47(5):279-287.
[26]耿广东,王忠平,冯道友,等.玉米与姜间作对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2009(5):1104-1106.
[2]Yaseen M,Singh M,Ram D.Growth,yield and economics of vetiver(Vetiveria zizanioides L.Nash)under intercropping system[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2014,61:417-421.
[3]谢慧,王兴祥,戴传超,等.花生与药材套种对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):693-696.
[4]Ghosh P K,Mohanty M,Bandyopadhyay K K,et al.Growth,competition,yields advantage and economics in soybean/pigeon pea intercropping system in semi-arid tropics of India:Ⅱ.Effect of nutrient management[J].Field Crops Research,2006,96(1):90-97.
[5]Schr¨oder D,K¨opke U.Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)intercropped with oil crops-a strategy to enhance rooting density and to optimize nitrogen use and grain production?[J].Field Crops Research,2012,135:74-81.
[6]Zhou X G,Yu G B,Wu F Z.Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities,microbial communities and cucumber yield[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2011,47(5):279-287.
[7]Ashworth A J,Taylor A M,Reed D L,et al.Environmental impact assessment of regional switchgrass feedstock production comparing nitrogen input scenarios and legume-intercropping systems[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,87:227-234.
[8]Jensen E S,Peoples M B,Hauggaard-Nielsen H.Faba bean in cropping systems[J].Field Crops Research,2010,115(3):203-216.
[9]Lee C H,Park K D,Jung K Y,et al.Effect of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)as a green manure on rice productivity and methane emission in paddy soil[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2010,138:343-347.
[10]Lithourgidis A S,Vasilakoglou I B,Dhima K V,et al.Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios[J].Field Crops Research,2006,99(2):106-113.
[11]Caballero R,Goicoechea E L,Hernaiz P J.Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of vetch[J].Field Crops Research,1995,41(2):135-140.
[12]吴建忠.沪郊农场稻茬紫云英绿肥高产栽培技术探讨[J].上海农业科技,2014(1):102-103.
[13]周德兴,杨捷.上海地区冬作经济绿肥高产栽培技术研究[C]//中国土壤学会第11届全国会员代表大会暨第七届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会论文集.2008:446-451.
[14]李玲,李娘辉,蒋素梅.植物生理学模块实验指导[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[15]李振高,骆永明,滕应,等.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].4版.北京.科学出版社,2008.
[16]王彦飞,曹国璠.不同间作模式对玉米及花生氮磷钾分配的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2011(39):79-82.
[17]祖艳群,胡文友,吴伯志,等.辣椒//玉米间作条件下作物对氮、磷和钾的吸收利用特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(12):234-239.
[18]Luo S S,Yu L L,Liu Y,et al.Effects of reduced nitrogen input on productivity and N2Oemissions in a sugarcane/soybean intercropping system[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,81:78-85.
[19]Chapagain T,Riseman A.Barley-pea intercropping:effects on land productivity,carbon and nitrogen transformations[J].Field Crops Research,2014,166:18-25.
[20]Sadeghpour A,Jahanzad E,Esmaeili A,et al.Forage yield,quality and economic benefit of intercropped barley and annual medic in semi-arid conditions:additive series[J].Field Crops Research,2013,148:43-48.
[21]Stoltz E,Nadeau E,Wallenhammar A C.Intercropping maize and faba bean for silage under swedish climate conditions[J].Agricultural Research,2013,2(1):90-97.
[22]Stoltz E,Nadeau E.Effects of intercropping on yield,weed incidence,forage quality and soil residual N in organically grown forage maize(Zea mays L.)and faba bean(Vicia faba L.)[J].Field Crops Research,2014,169:21-29.
[23]Zhang X Q,Huang G Q,Bian X X,et al.Effects of intercropping on quality and yield of maize grain,microorganism quantity,and enzyme activities in soils[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(22):7082-7090.
[24]Schloter M,Dilly O,Munch J C.Indicators for evaluating soil quality[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2003,98(1):255-262.
[25]Zhou X G,Yu G B,Wu F Z.Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities,microbial communities and cucumber yield[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2011,47(5):279-287.
[26]耿广东,王忠平,冯道友,等.玉米与姜间作对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2009(5):1104-1106.
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