国内外农用拖拉机先进技术研究及对比分析
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摘要
详细介绍农业拖拉机底盘、驾驶室、工作装置、电气系统等模块的智能化、信息化先进技术。就国外内拖拉机技术水平进行详细对比,分析我国拖拉机在智能控制策略、机电液一体化、制造工艺、人机工程等方面的弱点,提出培养优质人才、提高科研投入、攻克关键技术、提升制造工艺的发展路线,以及攻坚液压技术、电控技术、智能控制策略、人机工程等技术,改善拖拉机的可靠性与舒适性,提高智能化、信息化水平的技术路线。
The intelligent and advanced information technology of agricultural tractor chassis, cab, working device and electrical system was introduced in detail. The technical level of the tractor was compared at home and abroad, and the weakness of China's tractor in intelligent control strategy, electromechanical integration technology, manufacturing process and ergonomics technology was analyzed. The development route of cultivating high-quality talents, increasing investment in scientific research, tackling key technologies and upgrading manufacturing technology was put forward. It was said that we should tackle tough hydraulic technology, develop electric control technology, emphasize overall control and pay attention to ergonomics in order to ameliorate the reliability and comfort continuously, and then improve the intelligentization and information level of tractors.
The intelligent and advanced information technology of agricultural tractor chassis, cab, working device and electrical system was introduced in detail. The technical level of the tractor was compared at home and abroad, and the weakness of China's tractor in intelligent control strategy, electromechanical integration technology, manufacturing process and ergonomics technology was analyzed. The development route of cultivating high-quality talents, increasing investment in scientific research, tackling key technologies and upgrading manufacturing technology was put forward. It was said that we should tackle tough hydraulic technology, develop electric control technology, emphasize overall control and pay attention to ergonomics in order to ameliorate the reliability and comfort continuously, and then improve the intelligentization and information level of tractors.
引文
[1] 丁为民.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[2] 李宝筏.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[3] 赵剡水,杨为民.农业拖拉机技术发展观察[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(6):42-48.Zhao Yanshui,Yang Weimin.Technological development of agricultural tractor [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society For Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(6):42-48.
[4] 陈巧敏.2016中国农业机械化年鉴[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2016.
[5] 陈龙兴,陈益康.液压技术在拖拉机上的应用现状与趋势[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2002(1):3-8.Chen Longxing,Chen Yikang.Application status and trends of hydraulic technologies in tractor [J].Tractor & Farm Transporter,2002(1):3-8.
[6] 高辉松,王珊珊,朱思洪.电动拖拉机驱动力与传动效率特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(10):40-44.Gao Huisong,Wang Shanshan,Zhu Sihong.Experiment on characteristics of driving force and transmission efficiency of electric tractor [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(10):40-44.
[7] 沈文龙,周俊,姬长英,等.中国电动拖拉机研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(10):102-107.Shen Wenlong,Zhou Jun,Ji Changying,et al.Research review about electric tractor in China [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(10):102-107.
[8] 高辉松.电动拖拉机驱动系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.Gao Huisong.Researchs on drive system of electric tractor [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.
[9] 谢斌,张超,毛恩荣,等.基于myRIO的电动拖拉机驱动控制器设计与室内试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):55-62.Xie Bin,Zhang Chao,Mao Enrong,et al.Motor controller design and indoor experiment for electric tractor based on myRIO [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(18):55-62.
[10] 白学峰.基于滑转率的拖拉机自动耕深控制系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Bai Xuefeng.Research of tractor tilling depth automatic control system based on slip [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
[11] KO?UTI■,et al.Impact of electronic-hydraulic hitch control on rational exploitation of tractor in ploughing [J].Strojarstvo:■ Za Teoriju I Praksu U Strojarstvu,2008,50(5):287-294.
[12] 商高高,谢凌云,季顺静.拖拉机悬挂系统耕深自动控制策略的研究[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(7):136-140.Shang Gaogao,Xie Lingjun,Ji Shunjung.Research on plowing depth aautomatic control for tractor hitch system [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(7):136-140.
[13] 白学峰,鲁植雄,常江雪,等.基于滑转率的拖拉机自动耕深模糊控制仿真[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S1):6-10.Bai Xuefeng,Lu Zhixiong,Chang Jiangxue,et al.Fuzzy control algorithm simulation of automatic control of tilling depth for tractor based on slip rate [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(S1):6-10.
[14] 谢斌,毛恩荣,谭彧.基于CAN总线的拖拉机电液悬挂系统控制器研制[J].机床与液压,2006(8):185-187.
[15] 姬长英,周俊.农业机械导航技术发展分析[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(9):44-54.Ji Changying,Zhou Jun.Current situation of navigation technologies for agricultural machinery [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(9):44-54.
[16] 宋春月.无人驾驶拖拉机控制系统设计研究[D].上海:上海工程技术大学,2015.Song Chunyue.Design and research of unmanned tractor automatic navigation control system [D].Shanghai:Shanghai University of Engineering Science,2015.
[17] 冯雷.基于GPS和传感技术的农用车辆自动导航系统的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.Feng Lei.Study on navigation system for off-road vehicle guidance based on GPS and sensor technology [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2004.
[18] 张闻宇,丁幼春,王磊,等.拖拉机自动导航摩擦轮式转向驱动系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):32-40.Zhang Wenyu,Ding Youchun,Wang Lei,et al.Design and experiment on automatic steering control system of friction drive for tractor [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):32-40.
[19] 白秉旭,田光兆.基于模糊算法的自主导航拖拉机转向系统设计[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(6):135-137,156.Bai Bingxu,Tian Guangzhao.Steering system design of automatic navigation tractor based on fuzzy method [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(6):135-137,156.
[20] 张硕,刘进一,杜岳峰,等.基于速度自适应的拖拉机自动导航控制方法[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):48-55.Zhang Shuo,Liu Jinyi,Du Yuefeng,et al.Method on automatic navigation control of tractor based on speed adaptation [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(23):48-55.
[21] 郭晓博,周豫鸽,李灵敏,等.重型拖拉机动力换挡传动系试验台的设计[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(6):58-62.Guo Xiaobo,Zhou Yuge,Li Lingmin,et al.Design on power shift transmission test-bed for heavy tractor [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(6):58-62.
[22] 段随安.拖拉机无级变速传动技术及其应用[J].农业机械,2014(10):60-63.
[23] 张敏.拖拉机HMCVT试验台测控系统研究[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2013.
[24] 吴清分.近期国外拖拉机的技术发展新动向[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2017,44(1):8-11.
[25] 吴清分.国外主要公司的无级变速拖拉机技术发展简况[J].农业机械,2012(25):90-94.
[26] 吴清分.近年来国外拖拉机制动系统发展浅析[J].农业机械,2013(8):59-61.
[27] 王玉龙,仲皓田,金灵,等.农机驾驶室技术发展现状与趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2014,38(6):135-137.Wang Yulong,Zhong Haotian,Jin Ling,et al.Development status and trend of agricultural cab technology [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,38(6):135-137.
[28] 叶建,吴清分.John Deere公司9030系列拖拉机[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2017,40(8):4-7.Ye Jian,Wu Qingfen.9030 series tractors of John Deere company [J].Tractor & Farm Transporter,2017,40(8):4-7.
[29] 李明明,石秀丹.子午线轮胎将是农机应用的趋势[J].农业机械,2012(8):89-90.
[2] 李宝筏.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[3] 赵剡水,杨为民.农业拖拉机技术发展观察[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(6):42-48.Zhao Yanshui,Yang Weimin.Technological development of agricultural tractor [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society For Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(6):42-48.
[4] 陈巧敏.2016中国农业机械化年鉴[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2016.
[5] 陈龙兴,陈益康.液压技术在拖拉机上的应用现状与趋势[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2002(1):3-8.Chen Longxing,Chen Yikang.Application status and trends of hydraulic technologies in tractor [J].Tractor & Farm Transporter,2002(1):3-8.
[6] 高辉松,王珊珊,朱思洪.电动拖拉机驱动力与传动效率特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(10):40-44.Gao Huisong,Wang Shanshan,Zhu Sihong.Experiment on characteristics of driving force and transmission efficiency of electric tractor [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(10):40-44.
[7] 沈文龙,周俊,姬长英,等.中国电动拖拉机研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(10):102-107.Shen Wenlong,Zhou Jun,Ji Changying,et al.Research review about electric tractor in China [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(10):102-107.
[8] 高辉松.电动拖拉机驱动系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.Gao Huisong.Researchs on drive system of electric tractor [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.
[9] 谢斌,张超,毛恩荣,等.基于myRIO的电动拖拉机驱动控制器设计与室内试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):55-62.Xie Bin,Zhang Chao,Mao Enrong,et al.Motor controller design and indoor experiment for electric tractor based on myRIO [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(18):55-62.
[10] 白学峰.基于滑转率的拖拉机自动耕深控制系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Bai Xuefeng.Research of tractor tilling depth automatic control system based on slip [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
[11] KO?UTI■,et al.Impact of electronic-hydraulic hitch control on rational exploitation of tractor in ploughing [J].Strojarstvo:■ Za Teoriju I Praksu U Strojarstvu,2008,50(5):287-294.
[12] 商高高,谢凌云,季顺静.拖拉机悬挂系统耕深自动控制策略的研究[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(7):136-140.Shang Gaogao,Xie Lingjun,Ji Shunjung.Research on plowing depth aautomatic control for tractor hitch system [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(7):136-140.
[13] 白学峰,鲁植雄,常江雪,等.基于滑转率的拖拉机自动耕深模糊控制仿真[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S1):6-10.Bai Xuefeng,Lu Zhixiong,Chang Jiangxue,et al.Fuzzy control algorithm simulation of automatic control of tilling depth for tractor based on slip rate [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(S1):6-10.
[14] 谢斌,毛恩荣,谭彧.基于CAN总线的拖拉机电液悬挂系统控制器研制[J].机床与液压,2006(8):185-187.
[15] 姬长英,周俊.农业机械导航技术发展分析[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(9):44-54.Ji Changying,Zhou Jun.Current situation of navigation technologies for agricultural machinery [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(9):44-54.
[16] 宋春月.无人驾驶拖拉机控制系统设计研究[D].上海:上海工程技术大学,2015.Song Chunyue.Design and research of unmanned tractor automatic navigation control system [D].Shanghai:Shanghai University of Engineering Science,2015.
[17] 冯雷.基于GPS和传感技术的农用车辆自动导航系统的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.Feng Lei.Study on navigation system for off-road vehicle guidance based on GPS and sensor technology [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2004.
[18] 张闻宇,丁幼春,王磊,等.拖拉机自动导航摩擦轮式转向驱动系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):32-40.Zhang Wenyu,Ding Youchun,Wang Lei,et al.Design and experiment on automatic steering control system of friction drive for tractor [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):32-40.
[19] 白秉旭,田光兆.基于模糊算法的自主导航拖拉机转向系统设计[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(6):135-137,156.Bai Bingxu,Tian Guangzhao.Steering system design of automatic navigation tractor based on fuzzy method [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(6):135-137,156.
[20] 张硕,刘进一,杜岳峰,等.基于速度自适应的拖拉机自动导航控制方法[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):48-55.Zhang Shuo,Liu Jinyi,Du Yuefeng,et al.Method on automatic navigation control of tractor based on speed adaptation [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(23):48-55.
[21] 郭晓博,周豫鸽,李灵敏,等.重型拖拉机动力换挡传动系试验台的设计[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(6):58-62.Guo Xiaobo,Zhou Yuge,Li Lingmin,et al.Design on power shift transmission test-bed for heavy tractor [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(6):58-62.
[22] 段随安.拖拉机无级变速传动技术及其应用[J].农业机械,2014(10):60-63.
[23] 张敏.拖拉机HMCVT试验台测控系统研究[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2013.
[24] 吴清分.近期国外拖拉机的技术发展新动向[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2017,44(1):8-11.
[25] 吴清分.国外主要公司的无级变速拖拉机技术发展简况[J].农业机械,2012(25):90-94.
[26] 吴清分.近年来国外拖拉机制动系统发展浅析[J].农业机械,2013(8):59-61.
[27] 王玉龙,仲皓田,金灵,等.农机驾驶室技术发展现状与趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2014,38(6):135-137.Wang Yulong,Zhong Haotian,Jin Ling,et al.Development status and trend of agricultural cab technology [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,38(6):135-137.
[28] 叶建,吴清分.John Deere公司9030系列拖拉机[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2017,40(8):4-7.Ye Jian,Wu Qingfen.9030 series tractors of John Deere company [J].Tractor & Farm Transporter,2017,40(8):4-7.
[29] 李明明,石秀丹.子午线轮胎将是农机应用的趋势[J].农业机械,2012(8):89-90.
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