2个油茶品种及6个近缘种的光合特性日变化规律
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摘要
为了筛选油茶近缘种高光效种质资源,从而为培育油茶新品种提供优质材料,以2个普通油茶品种(‘湘林1’与‘湘林97’)和6个近缘种(博白大果油茶、越南油茶、浙江红山茶、溆浦大红山茶、攸县油茶、滇山茶)为试验材料,对其叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度、水分利用效率等光合参数进行了测定和分析。观测结果表明:滇山茶、攸县油茶、越南油茶、博白大果油茶和‘湘林1’与‘湘林97’叶片的净光合速率均呈"单峰"曲线的变化趋势,其气孔导度和蒸腾速率亦均呈"单峰"曲线的变化趋势,而其胞间CO_2浓度却呈"V"型曲线的变化趋势;浙江红山茶和溆浦大红山茶的净光合速率均呈"双峰"曲线的变化趋势,其气孔导度呈"平稳"型曲线的变化趋势,胞间CO_2浓度呈"W"型曲线的变化趋势,蒸腾速率呈"单峰"曲线的变化趋势,说明其均存在光合"午休现象"。相关性分析结果表明:净光合速率与气孔导度呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),与水分利用效率呈显著正相关(P <0.05);气孔导度与水分利用效率呈极显著正相关(P <0.01)。主成分分析结果表明:从5个光合参数中提取了特征根> 1的主成分2个,其累计贡献率为83.545%;主成分1(F1)中净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率的累计正向贡献率最多,主成分(F2)中蒸腾速率的累计正向贡献率最多;根据综合评价结果可知,2个普通油茶品种及6个近缘种的光合效率由高到低依次为:油茶‘湘林1’>滇山茶>油茶‘湘林97’>攸县油茶>博白大果油茶>越南油茶>溆浦大红山茶>浙江红山茶。
In order to select some high light-efficiency germplasm resources in Camellia oleifera, and to provide some high-quality materials for cultivating new C. oleifera cultivars, using two C. oleifera cultivars('XL1' and 'XL97') and six related species(C. gigantocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. chekiangoleosa, C. magniflora, C. yuhsienensis, C. reticulata) as test materials, some indexes were determined and analyzed, including net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO_2 concentration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and so on. The results of observation and determination showed that, change trends of net photosynthetic rates in C. gigantocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. yuhsienensis and C. reticulata and two C. oleifera cultivars were single-peak curves, those of their stomatal conductance and transpiration rates also were single-peak curves, but those of their intercellular CO_2 concentrations were V-shape curves. Change trends of net photosynthetic rates in C. chekiangoleosa and C. magniflora were double-peak curves, stomatal conductances were stable, those of intercellular CO_2 concentrations were W-shape curves, and those of transpiration rates were singlepeak curve, so lunch break phenomena existed in their photosynthesis. The results of correlation analysis showed that: net photosynthetic rate was very significant positive correlated with stomatal conductance(P < 0.01), and significant positive correlated with water use efficiency(P < 0.05). Stomatal conductance was very significant positive correlated with water use efficiency(P < 0.01). The results of principle component analysis showed that, two principal components with eigenvalue over one were extracted from five photosynthetic parameters, and their cumulative contribution rate reached 83.545%. Cumulative positive contribution rate of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency in the first principal component(F1) was the largest, that of transpiration rate in the second principal component(F2) was the largest. Based on the results of comprehensive evaluation and photosynthetic efficiency from high to low, order of the two C. oleifera cultivars and six related species was C. oleifera 'XL1', C. reticulata, C. oleifera 'XL97', C. yuhsienensis, C. gigantocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. magniflora, C. chekiangoleosa.
In order to select some high light-efficiency germplasm resources in Camellia oleifera, and to provide some high-quality materials for cultivating new C. oleifera cultivars, using two C. oleifera cultivars('XL1' and 'XL97') and six related species(C. gigantocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. chekiangoleosa, C. magniflora, C. yuhsienensis, C. reticulata) as test materials, some indexes were determined and analyzed, including net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO_2 concentration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and so on. The results of observation and determination showed that, change trends of net photosynthetic rates in C. gigantocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. yuhsienensis and C. reticulata and two C. oleifera cultivars were single-peak curves, those of their stomatal conductance and transpiration rates also were single-peak curves, but those of their intercellular CO_2 concentrations were V-shape curves. Change trends of net photosynthetic rates in C. chekiangoleosa and C. magniflora were double-peak curves, stomatal conductances were stable, those of intercellular CO_2 concentrations were W-shape curves, and those of transpiration rates were singlepeak curve, so lunch break phenomena existed in their photosynthesis. The results of correlation analysis showed that: net photosynthetic rate was very significant positive correlated with stomatal conductance(P < 0.01), and significant positive correlated with water use efficiency(P < 0.05). Stomatal conductance was very significant positive correlated with water use efficiency(P < 0.01). The results of principle component analysis showed that, two principal components with eigenvalue over one were extracted from five photosynthetic parameters, and their cumulative contribution rate reached 83.545%. Cumulative positive contribution rate of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency in the first principal component(F1) was the largest, that of transpiration rate in the second principal component(F2) was the largest. Based on the results of comprehensive evaluation and photosynthetic efficiency from high to low, order of the two C. oleifera cultivars and six related species was C. oleifera 'XL1', C. reticulata, C. oleifera 'XL97', C. yuhsienensis, C. gigantocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. magniflora, C. chekiangoleosa.
引文
[1]庄瑞林.中国油茶[M]. 2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[2]马锦林,张日清,叶航,等.6个油茶物种的光合特性[J].经济林研究,2012,30(4):73-76,90.
[3]李旦,周安佩,潘瑶,等.腾冲红花油茶的研究进展[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(3):123-127.
[4]袁其琼,郭玉红,司马永康,等.云南省腾冲红花油茶资源及其开发利用[J].陕西林业科技,2017(4):64-67.
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[7]孔文娟,刘学录,姚小华,等.4个油茶物种的光合特性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):16-22.
[8]唐炜,谭晓风,袁德义.山茶属三个物种光合特性日变化[J].北方园艺,2010(9):5-8.
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[10]史开奇,沙吉旦·尕依提,吾马尔·吾哈甫,等.引种杂交杨光合特性及综合评价[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(4):70-79.
[11]耿显胜,肖世奇,葛晓改.植物的光合午休[J].生物学教学,2010, 35(12):59-60.
[12]叶子飘,于强.植物气孔导度的机理模型[J].植物生态学报,2009, 33(4):772-782.
[13]赵云阁,李少宁,鲁绍伟,等.北京市园林灌木植物蒸腾耗水特性比较[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):110-114.
[14] FARQUHAR G D, SHARKEY T D. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J]. Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33(33):317-345.
[15] BAKER N R. Chlorophyll fluorescence:A probe of photosynthesis in vivo[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2008, 59(1):89.
[16]夏黎,李宏,程平,等.引种杨树无性系的光合特性比较[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(10):1870-1877.
[17]邹瑶,许燕,陈盛相,等.基于因子及聚类分析的25个茶树品种光合性能评价[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2019, 34(1):89-96.
[18]赵曦阳.白杨杂交试验与杂种无性系多性状综合评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[19]王瑞,陈永忠,王湘南,等.油茶优良无性系光合特性的影响因子——叶龄、叶位[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):113-118.
[20]陈永忠,王瑞,王湘南,等.油茶无性系果实成熟期光合特性的研究[J].经济林研究,2010,28(2):1-6.
[21]孔文娟,刘学录,姚小华,等.4个油茶物种的光合特性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):16-22.
[22]李世成.云南省腾冲县红花油茶资源调查及利用分析[J].西南林学院学报,2008(3):11-13,19.
[23]黄佳聪,尹五元,任华东,等.保山油茶种质资源及其主要种实经济性状[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(9):14-18.
[24]张中玮,曹受金,廖菊阳,等.不同地理种源映山红生长适应性分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(11):61-67.
[2]马锦林,张日清,叶航,等.6个油茶物种的光合特性[J].经济林研究,2012,30(4):73-76,90.
[3]李旦,周安佩,潘瑶,等.腾冲红花油茶的研究进展[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(3):123-127.
[4]袁其琼,郭玉红,司马永康,等.云南省腾冲红花油茶资源及其开发利用[J].陕西林业科技,2017(4):64-67.
[5]龚月桦,高俊凤.高等植物光合同化物的运输与分配[J].西北植物学报,1999(3):564-570.
[6]李福瑞.桃不同树形光合特性、光合产物分配与激素含量差异分析[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[7]孔文娟,刘学录,姚小华,等.4个油茶物种的光合特性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):16-22.
[8]唐炜,谭晓风,袁德义.山茶属三个物种光合特性日变化[J].北方园艺,2010(9):5-8.
[9]张宏达,任善湘.中国植物志:第四十九卷第三分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[10]史开奇,沙吉旦·尕依提,吾马尔·吾哈甫,等.引种杂交杨光合特性及综合评价[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(4):70-79.
[11]耿显胜,肖世奇,葛晓改.植物的光合午休[J].生物学教学,2010, 35(12):59-60.
[12]叶子飘,于强.植物气孔导度的机理模型[J].植物生态学报,2009, 33(4):772-782.
[13]赵云阁,李少宁,鲁绍伟,等.北京市园林灌木植物蒸腾耗水特性比较[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):110-114.
[14] FARQUHAR G D, SHARKEY T D. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J]. Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33(33):317-345.
[15] BAKER N R. Chlorophyll fluorescence:A probe of photosynthesis in vivo[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2008, 59(1):89.
[16]夏黎,李宏,程平,等.引种杨树无性系的光合特性比较[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(10):1870-1877.
[17]邹瑶,许燕,陈盛相,等.基于因子及聚类分析的25个茶树品种光合性能评价[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2019, 34(1):89-96.
[18]赵曦阳.白杨杂交试验与杂种无性系多性状综合评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[19]王瑞,陈永忠,王湘南,等.油茶优良无性系光合特性的影响因子——叶龄、叶位[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):113-118.
[20]陈永忠,王瑞,王湘南,等.油茶无性系果实成熟期光合特性的研究[J].经济林研究,2010,28(2):1-6.
[21]孔文娟,刘学录,姚小华,等.4个油茶物种的光合特性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):16-22.
[22]李世成.云南省腾冲县红花油茶资源调查及利用分析[J].西南林学院学报,2008(3):11-13,19.
[23]黄佳聪,尹五元,任华东,等.保山油茶种质资源及其主要种实经济性状[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(9):14-18.
[24]张中玮,曹受金,廖菊阳,等.不同地理种源映山红生长适应性分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(11):61-67.
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