基于混合正交试验的生物质旋压成型多目标优化
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摘要
生物质是重要的可再生能源资源,通过旋转挤压制备固体生物质成型燃料具有工艺简单、生产率高等优势,但目前该技术应用仍存在着设备能耗高、制品品质不稳定等问题。以具有强制喂料系统的生物质旋压成型设备为研究对象,通过混合水平正交试验,研究了喂料频率、压轮转速、模具长径比、菌渣添加比例和原料含水率对成型设备的生产率、吨料电耗和成品密度的影响规律,并进行了多目标评价优化。结果显示各试验因素均对成型设备的生产率、吨料电耗和成品密度有显著影响,但不同评价指标下的最优组合不一致;多目标优化获得的最优组合为:喂料频率60 Hz,菌渣比例5%,模具长径比6,原料含水率10%,压轮转速65 r/min。试验得到该组合下成型设备的生产率为5.2 t/h,吨料电耗为38.5 k W·h/t,成品密度为0.84 g/cm3,具有较好的综合生产性能。
Biomass is an important renewable energy resource. The preparation of solid biomass briquette fuel by rotary extrusion has the advantages of simple process and high productivity,but there are still some problems in the application of this technology,such as high energy consumption of equipment and unstable quality of products. Taking the biomass spinning molding equipment with forced feeding system as research object,this study analyzed the influence of feed frequency,wheel speed,ratio of mold length to diameter,proportion of bacteria residue and raw material moisture content on productivity of the densification device,energy consumption and product density using mixed horizontal orthogonal testusing and carried out the optimization of multi-objective evaluation. Results showed that all the experimental factors had significant impact on productivity of the densification device,energy consumption and product density. But the optimal combination of different evaluation index was not consistent. The optimal combination of multi-objective optimization result was feed frequency 60 Hz,wheel speed 65 r/min,ratio of mold length to diameter 6,proportion of bacteria residue 5% and raw material moisture content 10%. Testing results indicated that productivity of this combination was 5.2 t/h,energy consumption was 38.5 k W·h/t,and the product density was 0.84 g/cm3.
Biomass is an important renewable energy resource. The preparation of solid biomass briquette fuel by rotary extrusion has the advantages of simple process and high productivity,but there are still some problems in the application of this technology,such as high energy consumption of equipment and unstable quality of products. Taking the biomass spinning molding equipment with forced feeding system as research object,this study analyzed the influence of feed frequency,wheel speed,ratio of mold length to diameter,proportion of bacteria residue and raw material moisture content on productivity of the densification device,energy consumption and product density using mixed horizontal orthogonal testusing and carried out the optimization of multi-objective evaluation. Results showed that all the experimental factors had significant impact on productivity of the densification device,energy consumption and product density. But the optimal combination of different evaluation index was not consistent. The optimal combination of multi-objective optimization result was feed frequency 60 Hz,wheel speed 65 r/min,ratio of mold length to diameter 6,proportion of bacteria residue 5% and raw material moisture content 10%. Testing results indicated that productivity of this combination was 5.2 t/h,energy consumption was 38.5 k W·h/t,and the product density was 0.84 g/cm3.
引文
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[7] Kamel G,Hossein K M. Effect of moisture content and particlesize on energy consumption for dairy cattle manure pellets[J].Agric. Engin. Int. CIGR J.,2012,14(3):125-130.
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[9] Adapa P, Schoenau G, Tabil L, et al.. Compression offractionated sun-cured and dehydrated alfalfa chops into cubes-Specific energy models[J]. Bioresour. Technol.,2007,98(1):38-45.
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[11] Adapa P,Tabil L,Schoenau G. Compaction characteristics ofbarley,canola,oat and wheat straw[J]. Biosys. Engin.,2009,104(3):335-344.
[12] Hasan Y,Tamer U,Nesim S. Briquetting soda weed(Salsolatragus)to be used as a rural fuel source[J]. BiomassBioenergy,2010,34(5):630-636.
[13] Garcia-Maraver A,Rodriguez M L,Serrano-Bernardo F,et al..Factors affecting the quality of pellets made from residualbiomass of olive trees[J]. Fuel Process. Technol.,2015,129:1-7.
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[15]宁廷州,俞国胜,陈忠加,等.对辊柱塞式成型机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):203-210.Ning T Z,Yu G S,Chen,Z J,et al.. Design and experimentof roller briquetting machine with plungers[J]. Trans. CSAM,2016,47(5):203-210.
[16]宁廷州,俞国胜,皮森淼,等.对辊柱塞式成型机成型参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):208-215.Ning T Z,Yu G S,Pi S M,et al.. Optimization of formingparameters on roller briquetting machine with plungers[J].Trans. CSAM,2016,47(7):208-215.
[17] Biswas A K,Rudolfsson M,Brostrm M,et al.. Effect ofpelletizing conditions on combustion behaviour of single woodpellet[J]. Appl. Energy,2014,119:79-84.
[18] Tumuluru J S. Effect of process variables on the density anddurability of the pellets made from high moisture corn stover[J]. Biosys. Engin.,2014,119:44-57.
[19] Stelte W,Holm J K,Sanadi A R,et al.. A study of bondingand failure mechanisms in fuel pellets from different biomassresources[J]. Biomass Bioenergy,2011,35(2):910-918.
[20] Kaliyan N,Morey R V. Natural binders and solid bridge typebinding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from cornstover and switchgrass[J]. Bioresour. Technol.,2010,101(3):1082-1090.
[21] Castellano J M,Gómez M,Fernández M,et al.. Study on theeffects of raw materials composition and pelletization conditionson the quality and properties of pellets obtained from differentwoody and non woody biomasses[J]. Fuel,2015,139:629-636.
[22]李国平.一种强制压辊旋转做功装置[P].中国,CN106237928 A,2016.
[23]肖宏儒,杨君太,潘九君,等.JB/T 12826-2016农作物秸秆压缩成型机[S].中华人民共和国机械行业标准,2016.
[24] Segerstrm M,Larsson S H. Clarifying sub-processes incontinuous ring die pelletizing through die temperature control[J]. Fuel Process. Technol.,2014,123:122-126.
[25] Shahrukh H,Oyedun A O,Kumar A,et al.. Net energy ratiofor the production of steam pretreated biomass-based pellets[J]. Biomass Bioenergy,2015,80:286-297.
[2]夏先飞,武凯,孙宇,等.生物质(秸秆)致密成型技术研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):36-42.Xia X F,Wu K,Sun Y,et al.. Research progress of thebiomass(straw)densifieation forming technology[J]. J. Chin.Agric. Mechanization,2013,34(6):36-42.
[3]夏先飞,孙宇,武凯,等.秸秆压块机组合环模的磨损机理[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):32-39.Xia X F,Sun Y,Wu K,et al.. Wear mechanism of ring diefor straw briquetting machine[J]. Trans. CSAE,2014,30(4):32-39.
[4] Xia X F,Sun Y,Wu K,et al.. Modeling of a straw ring-diebriquetting process[J]. Bioresources, 2014,9(4):6316-6328.
[5] Stelte W,Holm J K,Sanadi A R,et al.. A study of bondingand failure mechanisms in fuel pellets from different biomassresources[J]. Biomass Bioenergy,2011,35(2):910-918.
[6] Xia X F,Sun Y,Wu K,et al.. Optimization of a straw ring-die briquetting process combined analytic hierarchy process andgrey correlation analysis method[J]. Fuel Process. Technol.,2016,152:303-309.
[7] Kamel G,Hossein K M. Effect of moisture content and particlesize on energy consumption for dairy cattle manure pellets[J].Agric. Engin. Int. CIGR J.,2012,14(3):125-130.
[8] Stelte W,Holm J K,Sanadi A R,et al.. Fuel pellets frombiomass:The importance of the pelletizing pressure and itsdependency on the processing conditions[J]. Fuel,2011,90(11):3285-3290.
[9] Adapa P, Schoenau G, Tabil L, et al.. Compression offractionated sun-cured and dehydrated alfalfa chops into cubes-Specific energy models[J]. Bioresour. Technol.,2007,98(1):38-45.
[10] Adapa P K,Tabil L G,Schoenau G J. Factors affecting thequality of biomass pellet for biofuel and energy analysis ofpelleting process[J]. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Engin.,2013,6(2):1-12.
[11] Adapa P,Tabil L,Schoenau G. Compaction characteristics ofbarley,canola,oat and wheat straw[J]. Biosys. Engin.,2009,104(3):335-344.
[12] Hasan Y,Tamer U,Nesim S. Briquetting soda weed(Salsolatragus)to be used as a rural fuel source[J]. BiomassBioenergy,2010,34(5):630-636.
[13] Garcia-Maraver A,Rodriguez M L,Serrano-Bernardo F,et al..Factors affecting the quality of pellets made from residualbiomass of olive trees[J]. Fuel Process. Technol.,2015,129:1-7.
[14]夏先飞.旋转挤压制备稻秸固体成型燃料关键技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Xia X F. Research on key technology of producing rice strawdensification fuels via rotary extrusion[D]. Nanjing:NanjingUniversity of Science&Technology,Master Dissertation,2015.
[15]宁廷州,俞国胜,陈忠加,等.对辊柱塞式成型机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):203-210.Ning T Z,Yu G S,Chen,Z J,et al.. Design and experimentof roller briquetting machine with plungers[J]. Trans. CSAM,2016,47(5):203-210.
[16]宁廷州,俞国胜,皮森淼,等.对辊柱塞式成型机成型参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):208-215.Ning T Z,Yu G S,Pi S M,et al.. Optimization of formingparameters on roller briquetting machine with plungers[J].Trans. CSAM,2016,47(7):208-215.
[17] Biswas A K,Rudolfsson M,Brostrm M,et al.. Effect ofpelletizing conditions on combustion behaviour of single woodpellet[J]. Appl. Energy,2014,119:79-84.
[18] Tumuluru J S. Effect of process variables on the density anddurability of the pellets made from high moisture corn stover[J]. Biosys. Engin.,2014,119:44-57.
[19] Stelte W,Holm J K,Sanadi A R,et al.. A study of bondingand failure mechanisms in fuel pellets from different biomassresources[J]. Biomass Bioenergy,2011,35(2):910-918.
[20] Kaliyan N,Morey R V. Natural binders and solid bridge typebinding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from cornstover and switchgrass[J]. Bioresour. Technol.,2010,101(3):1082-1090.
[21] Castellano J M,Gómez M,Fernández M,et al.. Study on theeffects of raw materials composition and pelletization conditionson the quality and properties of pellets obtained from differentwoody and non woody biomasses[J]. Fuel,2015,139:629-636.
[22]李国平.一种强制压辊旋转做功装置[P].中国,CN106237928 A,2016.
[23]肖宏儒,杨君太,潘九君,等.JB/T 12826-2016农作物秸秆压缩成型机[S].中华人民共和国机械行业标准,2016.
[24] Segerstrm M,Larsson S H. Clarifying sub-processes incontinuous ring die pelletizing through die temperature control[J]. Fuel Process. Technol.,2014,123:122-126.
[25] Shahrukh H,Oyedun A O,Kumar A,et al.. Net energy ratiofor the production of steam pretreated biomass-based pellets[J]. Biomass Bioenergy,2015,80:286-297.
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