渭北旱塬土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响
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摘要
揭示果园、农耕地两种土地利用方式对土壤团聚体分布、稳定性及有机碳含量的影响,为渭北旱塬乃至黄土高原区土壤碳库的优化管理提供科学依据.通过同步采样及湿筛法将果园和农耕地这2种土地利用方式进行土壤粒径分组,得到大团聚体(> 2 mm)、中间团聚体(0. 25～2 mm)、微团聚体(0. 053～0. 25 mm)及粉黏粒(<0. 053 mm)组分质量分数,测定各组分团聚体有机碳含量,并计算出0～40 cm土层各组分有机碳储量.结果表明,在0～20 cm土层,农业土地利用方式对土壤团聚体含量分布、稳定性具有显著影响.果园不同粒级团聚体(> 2、0. 25～2、0. 053～0. 25和<0. 053 mm)含量均值分别为12. 9%、51. 3%、28. 8%和7. 0%,农耕地土壤各粒级团聚体含量分别为8. 3%、49. 7%、33. 6%和8. 4%,> 0. 25 mm团聚体含量显著高于农耕地.在0～40 cm土层,农耕地土壤平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均显著低于果园(P <0. 05).不同土地利用方式对土壤各团聚体内有机碳含量影响主要在0～10 cm土层,与农耕地相比,果园大团聚体、中间团聚体、微团聚体和粉黏粒内有机碳含量分别提高了56. 0%(P <0. 05)、57. 1%(P <0. 05)、40. 8%(P> 0. 05)、13. 0%(P>0. 05).各粒径团聚体内有机碳(粉黏粒除外)储量均为果园高于农耕地.果园增加了> 0. 25 mm大团聚体及其有机碳含量,缓解了农耕地对土壤团聚体的破坏,并提高了有机碳的稳定性.因此,与农耕地相比,果园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量较高,提高了团聚体对土壤有机碳的物理保护作用,有利于土壤有机碳积累,促进了土壤固碳.
Soil aggregates are important indicators of soil quality and sustainable land utilization,and impact the retention abilities of water and fertilizers and the release of nutrients in soil. This study aimed to understand the effects of two land use types( an orchard and farmland) on the distribution,stability,and organic carbon content of soil aggregates,and provides a theoretical basis for the optimal management of the soil carbon pool in the Weibei Dryland of the Loess Plateau. We examined the soils from an orchard and from farmland by simultaneous sampling and wet sieving; the proportions of large macroaggregates( > 2 mm),small macroaggregates( 0. 25-2 mm),microaggregates( 0. 053-0. 25 mm),and silt and clay( < 0. 053 mm) were then determined; the content of organic carbon in each aggregate fraction at soil depths of 0-40 cm were also measured,and the total organic carbon content of all aggregates fractions was determined for each soil. The results showed that the type of agricultural land use had a significant effect on the distribution and stability of soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer,with the relative proportions of the different sized aggregates( > 2,0. 25-2,0. 053-0. 25,and < 0. 053 mm) being 12. 9%,51. 3%,28. 8%,and 7. 0% in the orchards,respectively,and 8. 3%,49. 7%,33. 6%,and 8. 4% on the farmland,respectively. The proportion of macro-aggregates( > 0. 25 mm) was significantly higher in the orchard soils than in the farmland soils. Mean weight diameter( MWD) and geometric mean diameter( GMD) are important indicators of the soil aggregate stability; the MWD and GWD of the farmland soils were significantly lower than the orchard soils in the0-40 cm depth zone( P < 0. 05). The effects of different land use types on the organic carbon content of soil aggregates was most marked in the 0-10 cm layer. Compared with farmland,the organic carbon content in the large aggregates,intermediate aggregates,micro-aggregates,and the silt and clay fraction of orchard soils were relatively increased by 56. 0%( P < 0. 05),57. 1%( P < 0. 05),40. 8%( P > 0. 05),and 13. 0%( P > 0. 05),respectively. Organic carbon storage in each aggregate class( excluding the < 0. 053 mm fraction) in the orchard soils was higher than in the farmland soils. In the orchard soils,the proportion of soil macro-aggregates( > 0. 25 mm) and the associated organic carbon content was elevated,damage to aggregates was reduced,and the organic carbon stability was enhanced. In general,the soil aggregate stability and organic carbon content of orchard soils were higher than for the farmland soils. Orchards appear to enhance the physical stability of aggregates with respect to soil organic carbon,contribute to soil organic carbon accumulation,and thus promote soil carbon sequestration.
Soil aggregates are important indicators of soil quality and sustainable land utilization,and impact the retention abilities of water and fertilizers and the release of nutrients in soil. This study aimed to understand the effects of two land use types( an orchard and farmland) on the distribution,stability,and organic carbon content of soil aggregates,and provides a theoretical basis for the optimal management of the soil carbon pool in the Weibei Dryland of the Loess Plateau. We examined the soils from an orchard and from farmland by simultaneous sampling and wet sieving; the proportions of large macroaggregates( > 2 mm),small macroaggregates( 0. 25-2 mm),microaggregates( 0. 053-0. 25 mm),and silt and clay( < 0. 053 mm) were then determined; the content of organic carbon in each aggregate fraction at soil depths of 0-40 cm were also measured,and the total organic carbon content of all aggregates fractions was determined for each soil. The results showed that the type of agricultural land use had a significant effect on the distribution and stability of soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer,with the relative proportions of the different sized aggregates( > 2,0. 25-2,0. 053-0. 25,and < 0. 053 mm) being 12. 9%,51. 3%,28. 8%,and 7. 0% in the orchards,respectively,and 8. 3%,49. 7%,33. 6%,and 8. 4% on the farmland,respectively. The proportion of macro-aggregates( > 0. 25 mm) was significantly higher in the orchard soils than in the farmland soils. Mean weight diameter( MWD) and geometric mean diameter( GMD) are important indicators of the soil aggregate stability; the MWD and GWD of the farmland soils were significantly lower than the orchard soils in the0-40 cm depth zone( P < 0. 05). The effects of different land use types on the organic carbon content of soil aggregates was most marked in the 0-10 cm layer. Compared with farmland,the organic carbon content in the large aggregates,intermediate aggregates,micro-aggregates,and the silt and clay fraction of orchard soils were relatively increased by 56. 0%( P < 0. 05),57. 1%( P < 0. 05),40. 8%( P > 0. 05),and 13. 0%( P > 0. 05),respectively. Organic carbon storage in each aggregate class( excluding the < 0. 053 mm fraction) in the orchard soils was higher than in the farmland soils. In the orchard soils,the proportion of soil macro-aggregates( > 0. 25 mm) and the associated organic carbon content was elevated,damage to aggregates was reduced,and the organic carbon stability was enhanced. In general,the soil aggregate stability and organic carbon content of orchard soils were higher than for the farmland soils. Orchards appear to enhance the physical stability of aggregates with respect to soil organic carbon,contribute to soil organic carbon accumulation,and thus promote soil carbon sequestration.
引文
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[3] Peth S, Horn R, Beckmann F, et al. Three-dimensional quantification of intra-aggregate pore-space features using synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2008,72(4):897-907.
[4]窦森,李凯,关松.土壤团聚体中有机质研究进展[J].土壤学报,2011,48(2):412-418.Dou S,Li K,Guan S. A review on organic matter in soil aggregates[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(2):412-418.
[5]刘恩科,赵秉强,梅旭荣,等.不同施肥处理对土壤水稳定性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):1035-1041.Liu E K,Zhao B Q,Mei X R,et al. Distribution of water-stable aggregates and organic carbon of arable soils affected by different fertilizer application[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):1035-1041.
[6] Sanderman J,Hengl T,Fiske G J. Soil carbon debt of 12,000years of human land use[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(36):9575-9580.
[7] Rumpel C,Amiraslani F,Koutika L S,et al. Put more carbon in soils to meet Paris climate pledges[J]. Nature,2018,564(7734):32-34.
[8] Blanco-Canqui H,Lal R. Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2004,23(6):481-504.
[9]陈恩凤,周礼恺,武冠云.微团聚体的保肥供肥性能及其组成比例在评断土壤肥力水平中的意义[J].土壤学报,1994,31(1):18-25.Chen E F, Zhou L K, Wu G Y. Performances of soll mlcroaggregates instoring and supplying molsture andnutrients and role of their compo-sitlonal proportlon in judgingfertility level[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1994,31(1):18-25.
[10]王丽,李军,李娟,等.轮耕与施肥对渭北旱作玉米田土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):759-768.Wang L, Li J, Li J, et al. Effects of tillage rotation and fertilization on soil aggregates and organic carbon content in corn field in Weibei highland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(3):759-768.
[11]关松,窦森,马丽娜,等.长施马粪对暗棕壤团聚体腐殖质数量和质量的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1195-1205.Guan S,Dou S,Ma L N,et al. Effects of long-term application of horse manure on quantity and quality of humic substance in aggregates of dark brown soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(5):1195-1205.
[12]邱晓蕾,宗良纲,刘一凡,等.不同种植模式对土壤团聚体及有机碳组分的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1045-1052.Qiu X L, Zong L G, Liu Y F, et al. Effects of different cultivation patterns on soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(3):1045-1052.
[13]李文军,杨基峰,彭保发,等.施肥对洞庭湖平原水稻土团聚体特征及其有机碳分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):4007-4015.Li W J,Yang J F,Peng B F,et al. Effects of fertilization on aggregate characteristics and organic carbon distribution in a paddy soil in Dongting Lake Plain of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(20):4007-4015.
[14]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216.Chen S,Yang F,Lin S,et al. Impact of land use patterns on stability of soil aggregates in red soil region of south China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):211-216.
[15]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.Li J L,Jiang C S,Hao Q J. Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun Mountain[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[16]马帅,赵世伟,李婷,等.子午岭林区植被自然恢复下土壤剖面团聚体特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):157-161.Ma S,Zhao S W,Li T,et al. Study of the character of soil aggregates under vegetation restoration in Ziwu Mountain[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(2):157-161.
[17]于寒青,李勇,金发会,等.黄土高原植被恢复提高大于0. 25mm粒级水稳性团聚体在土壤增碳中的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):876-883.Yu H Q,Li Y,Jin F H,et al. The role of increasing soil waterstable aggregates with diameter> 0. 25 mm by vegetation restoration in enhancement of soil organic carbon in the Loess Plateau[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):876-883.
[18]刘梦云,吴健利,刘丽雯,等.黄土台塬土地利用方式对土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性影响[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(9):1564-1576.Liu M Y,Wu J L,Liu L W,et al. Stability characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates under different land-use patterns on the loess plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(9):1564-1576.
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