山西省跨界断面生态补偿机制实践及优化研究
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摘要
流域生态补偿是一项以经济手段来调动各方治水积极性、促进水环境质量改善的重要的环境经济政策。"十一五"期间,山西省创新水环境管理方式,在全省实行跨界断面生态补偿机制,对促进全省水环境改善收到了明显的效果。在梳理、总结山西省2009年以来实施的地表水跨界断面生态补偿政策实践的基础上,结合生态文明体制改革工作中对生态补偿机制建设方面的要求,同时借鉴辽宁、江苏等省份的先进经验,坚持"区际公平、权责对等"的原则,进一步围绕生态补偿的主体、客体、标准、方式等关键要素开展了研究,根据研究结果,提出了全省水环境生态补偿机制的优化方向和实施要求,优化建立了"上下游双向"横向生态补偿的山西省水环境生态补偿机制,以期能够为进一步提升山西省水环境管理水平奠定技术基础。
Watershed ecological compensation is an important environmental and economic policy to arouse the enthusiasm of all parties in water management and promote the improvement of water environment quality by economic means. During the " 11 th Five-Year Plan" period,the innovation of water environment management and the implementation of transboundary ecological compensation mechanism play a significant role in promoting the improvement of water environment in Shanxi Province. On the basis of combing and summing up the practice of transboundary ecological compensation policy of surface water implemented since2009 in Shanxi Province,in the light of the requirements for the construction of ecological compensation mechanism in the reform of the ecological civilization system,drawing lessons from the advanced experience of Liaoning and Jiangsu Provinces,adhering to the principle of " inter-regional fairness,equal power and responsibility",we focus on the subject,object,standard,mode and other key elements of ecological compensation. According to the optimization direction and implementation requirements on the ecological compensation mechanism were put forward. The ecological compensation mechanism of water environment in Shanxi Province is established by optimizing the " upstream and downstream bidirectional" transversal ecological compensation mechanism,which is expected to provide a technical basis for further improving the level of water environment management in Shanxi Province.
Watershed ecological compensation is an important environmental and economic policy to arouse the enthusiasm of all parties in water management and promote the improvement of water environment quality by economic means. During the " 11 th Five-Year Plan" period,the innovation of water environment management and the implementation of transboundary ecological compensation mechanism play a significant role in promoting the improvement of water environment in Shanxi Province. On the basis of combing and summing up the practice of transboundary ecological compensation policy of surface water implemented since2009 in Shanxi Province,in the light of the requirements for the construction of ecological compensation mechanism in the reform of the ecological civilization system,drawing lessons from the advanced experience of Liaoning and Jiangsu Provinces,adhering to the principle of " inter-regional fairness,equal power and responsibility",we focus on the subject,object,standard,mode and other key elements of ecological compensation. According to the optimization direction and implementation requirements on the ecological compensation mechanism were put forward. The ecological compensation mechanism of water environment in Shanxi Province is established by optimizing the " upstream and downstream bidirectional" transversal ecological compensation mechanism,which is expected to provide a technical basis for further improving the level of water environment management in Shanxi Province.
引文
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[22]董正举,严岩,段靖,等.国内外流域生态补偿机制比较研究[J].人民长江,2010,41(8):36-39.
[2]毛显强,钟瑜,张胜.生态补偿的理论探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2002,12(4):38-41.
[3]洪尚群,马丕京,郭慧光.生态补偿制度的探索[J].环境科学与技术,2001(5):40-43.
[4]孔凡斌.完善我国生态补偿机制:理论、实践与研究展望[J].农业经济问题,2007(10):50-53,111.
[5]赵银军,魏开湄,丁爱中,等.流域生态补偿理论探究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(5):963-969.
[6]李雪,杨国录,骆文广.武汉大东湖生态补偿机制研究[J].人民长江,2015,46(17):93-97.
[7]张秀菊,龙媚,闻振东,等.常熟市水生态补偿现状及问题探讨[J].人民长江,2017,48(10):13-17.
[8]蔡邦成,温林泉,陆根法.生态环境补偿机制建立的理论思考[J].生态经济,2005(1):47-50.
[9]欧阳志云,郑华,岳平.建立我国生态补偿机制的思路与措施[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):686-692.
[10]李磊.我国流域生态环境补偿机制探讨[J].软科学,2007,21(3):85-87.
[11]刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道.1987-2012年中国生态补偿研究进展及趋势[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(12):1780-1792.
[12]周映华.流域生态环境补偿及其模式初探[J].四川行政学院学报,2007,8(6):82-85.
[13]王军锋,侯超波.中国流域生态补偿机制实施框架与补偿模式研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(2):23-29.
[14]王军锋,侯超波,闫勇.政府主导型流域生态补偿机制研究——对子牙河流域生态补偿机制的思考[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(7):101-106.
[15]邱凉,郑艳霞,翟红娟,等.赤水河流域生态补偿机制研究[J].人民长江,2013,44(13):94-96,108.
[16]钱水苗,王怀章.论流域生态环境补偿的制度构建-从社会公正的视角[J].中国地质大学学报:社会科学版,2005(5):80-84.
[17]刘玉龙,许凤冉,张春玲,等.流域生态补偿标准计算模型研究[J].中国水利,2006(22):35-38.
[18]赖力,黄贤金,刘伟良.生态补偿理论、方法研究进展[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2870-2877.
[19]田旭,杨朝晖,霍炜洁.三江源地区流域生态补偿机制探讨[J].人民长江,2017,48(8):15-18.
[20]张志强,程莉,尚海洋,等.流域生态系统补偿机制研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6543-6552.
[21]中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组.中国生态补偿机制与政策研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[22]董正举,严岩,段靖,等.国内外流域生态补偿机制比较研究[J].人民长江,2010,41(8):36-39.