中国区域创新能力的时空演化及其驱动力分析
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摘要
基于中国大陆31个省市区的数据测度,揭示2001-2016年中国创新格局的时空演变特征,并从全国和区域两个空间尺度,量化分析了我国区域创新能力的驱动力。结果表明:①中国区域创新能力的内部差距在波动中不断缩小,其中,东部的极化水平较为稳定,而中部和西部存在上升趋势,东北地区呈现历年下降态势。②中国区域创新能力格局"东强西弱"的特征显著,且呈"东-中-西"逐渐衰减的态势,以"胡焕庸线"为分界,近年来东部绝对优势地位进一步强化。③创新能力高的区域高度集聚在沿海珠三角、长三角和京津冀三大区域,随时间推移,在空间上呈现扩散趋势,广大内陆地区的创新能力有所增强。④高水平和较高水平的创新区域分布有很强的经济依赖性,形成了明显的聚集连绵带,呈现出地理空间上以区域一体化为核心的片状分布态势。⑤从全国层面来看,人均GDP、电力能源消耗、R&D经费占GDP比重、高等学校教师数都是我国区域创新能力提升的重要因素。
Based on the data of 31 provinces and municipalities in China, this paper reveals the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China's innovation pattern from 2001 to 2016, and analyzes the driving forces of regional innovation ability in China from the national and regional spatial scales. The results show that the internal gap of regional innovation ability in China has been narrowing during the fluctuation. The polarization level in the east is relatively stable, while the trend is increasing in the central and western regions. The Northeast region shows a declining trend in the past year.2 the pattern of regional innovation ability in China is characterized by "east strong and west weak", and the trend of "east, middle and west" gradually decays, with "Hu Line"(HeiheTengchong Line) as the dividing line. In recent years, the absolute dominant position in the east has further strengthened that the regions with high innovation capabilities are highly concentrated in the coastal Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. With the passage of time, there is a tendency of spatial diffusion. The innovation capacity of the vast inland areas has been enhanced by a strong economic dependence on the distribution of high-level and higherlevel innovation regions, which has formed an obvious agglomeration continuous zone. In the view of the whole country, the ratio of per capita GDP, electricity consumption and R&D funds to GDP, the number of teachers in colleges and universities is an important social and economic factor to promote the ability of regional innovation in our country.
Based on the data of 31 provinces and municipalities in China, this paper reveals the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China's innovation pattern from 2001 to 2016, and analyzes the driving forces of regional innovation ability in China from the national and regional spatial scales. The results show that the internal gap of regional innovation ability in China has been narrowing during the fluctuation. The polarization level in the east is relatively stable, while the trend is increasing in the central and western regions. The Northeast region shows a declining trend in the past year.2 the pattern of regional innovation ability in China is characterized by "east strong and west weak", and the trend of "east, middle and west" gradually decays, with "Hu Line"(HeiheTengchong Line) as the dividing line. In recent years, the absolute dominant position in the east has further strengthened that the regions with high innovation capabilities are highly concentrated in the coastal Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. With the passage of time, there is a tendency of spatial diffusion. The innovation capacity of the vast inland areas has been enhanced by a strong economic dependence on the distribution of high-level and higherlevel innovation regions, which has formed an obvious agglomeration continuous zone. In the view of the whole country, the ratio of per capita GDP, electricity consumption and R&D funds to GDP, the number of teachers in colleges and universities is an important social and economic factor to promote the ability of regional innovation in our country.
引文
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[26]王俊松,颜燕,胡曙虹.中国城市技术创新能力的空间特征及影响因素--基于空间面板数据模型的研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(01):11-18.
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[32]刘军,李廉水,王忠.产业集聚对区域创新能力的影响及其行业差异[J].科研管理,2010,31(06):191-198.
[33]程雁,李平.创新基础设施对中国区域技术创新能力影响的实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2007(09):51-54.
[34]王鹏,赵捷.区域创新环境对创新效率的负面影响研究--基于我国12个省份的面板数据[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,33(05):40-46+161.
[35]李佳洺,陆大道,徐成东,李扬,陈明星.胡焕庸线两侧人口的空间分异性及其变化[J].地理学报,2017,72(01):148-16
[2]Romer P M.Increasing returns and long run growth[J].Journalof Political Economy,1986,94(5):1002-1037.
[3]D.Doloreux.What We Should Know about Regional Systems of Innovation[J].Technology in Society,2002,24(3):243-263.
[4]Mikel Buesa,Joost Heijs,Monica Martinez Pellitero,Thomas Baumert.Regional Systems of Innovation and the Knowledge Production Function:The Spanish Case[J].Technovation,2006,26(4):463-472.
[5]Xia Gao,Xiaochuan Guo,Katz J.Sylvanb,c,Jiancheng Guand.The Chinese Innovation System during Economic Transition:A Scale-independent View[J].Journal of Informatics,2010,4(4):618-628.
[6]Ricardo Filipe Ferreira Moutinho.Absorptive Capacity and Business Model Innovation as Rapid Development Strategies for Regional Growth[J].Investigación Económica,2016:295.
[7]Crescenzi R,Rodriguez-Pose A,Storper M.The territorial dynamics of innovation in China and India[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2012,12(5):1055-1085.
[8]国家统计局.中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].2006-2018.
[9]林毅夫.中国经济发展奇迹将延续[J].求是,2012(08):64.
[10]张林.不可逾越的“胡焕庸线”[N].科学时报,2010-01-20.
[11]杨明海,张红霞,孙亚男,李倩倩.中国八大综合经济区科技创新能力的区域差距及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2018,35(04):3-19.
[12]顾伟男,申玉铭.我国中心城市科技创新能力的演变及提升路径[J].经济地理,2018,38(02):113-122.
[13]张艾莉,李月明.基于等级划分的我国区域创新能力差异分析[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(10):28-33.
[14]吕可文,李晓飞,赵黎晨.中部六省区域创新能力的评价与分析[J].区域经济评论.2017(02):99-106.
[15]王玉帅,刘子君,万懿.泛珠9省份区域自主创新能力评价与对策研究[J].生态经济,2018,34(02):104-108.
[16]李兴光,王玉荣,周海娟.京津冀区域创新能力动态变化分析--基于《中国区域创新能力评价报告(2009-2016)》的研究[J].经济与管理.2018,(32)02,9-16.
[17]孙瑜康,李国平.京津冀协同创新水平评价及提升对策研究[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(01):78-86.
[18]赵瑞芬,王小娜.基于全局熵值法的京津冀区域创新能力比较[J].中国流通经济,2017,31(04):114-121.
[19]李炜,李子彪,康凯.区域创新极培育能力综合评价研究[J].技术经济与管理研究.2018(04):49-53.
[20]滕堂伟,方文婷.新长三角城市群创新空间格局演化与机理[J].经济地理,2017,37(04):66-75.
[21]焦敬娟,王姣娥.程珂.中国区域创新能力空间演化及其空间溢出效应[J].经济地理,2017,37(09):11-18.
[22]付琦,卓乘风,邓峰.城市化、工业化与区域创新能力--基于空间计量模型的实证分析[J].科技管理研究.2018,(38)01,30-34.
[23]何舜辉,杜德斌,焦美琪,林宇.中国地级以上城市创新能力的时空格局演变及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2017,37(07):1014-1022.
[24]Porter M.and Stern S.Measuring the Ideas production function:Evidence from international patent output[R].NBER Working Paper,2000.
[25]王宇新,姚梅.空间效应下中国省域间技术创新能力影响因素的实证分析[J].科学决策,2015(03):72-81.
[26]王俊松,颜燕,胡曙虹.中国城市技术创新能力的空间特征及影响因素--基于空间面板数据模型的研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(01):11-18.
[27]朱万里,郑周胜.自然资源、人力资本与区域创新能力--基于空间面板计量模型的分析[J].科学管理研究,2018,38(13):97-105.
[28]王学军,陈武.区域智力资本与区域创新能力--指标体系构建及其相关关系研究[J].管理工程学报,2010,24(03):1-6.
[29]Borenztein,E.,J.De Gregorio,and J.W.Lee,.“How does Foreign Investment Affect Economic Growth”Journal of International Economics,45:115-135,1998.
[30]陈伟,魏楠,侯建,冯志军.FDI与区域创新能力关系中“门槛效应”的实证研究[J].软科学,2018,32(09):30-33+38.
[31]Soo Young Park and Woobae Lee.Regional innovation system built by local agencies:an alternative model of regional development[R].Paper presented at the ICGG Taegu 2000 Conference,2000:1-20.
[32]刘军,李廉水,王忠.产业集聚对区域创新能力的影响及其行业差异[J].科研管理,2010,31(06):191-198.
[33]程雁,李平.创新基础设施对中国区域技术创新能力影响的实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2007(09):51-54.
[34]王鹏,赵捷.区域创新环境对创新效率的负面影响研究--基于我国12个省份的面板数据[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,33(05):40-46+161.
[35]李佳洺,陆大道,徐成东,李扬,陈明星.胡焕庸线两侧人口的空间分异性及其变化[J].地理学报,2017,72(01):148-16