基于Tennant法改进的生态水位计算方法研究
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摘要
为了解决流量资料缺乏河流无法采用Tennant法推荐流量计算生态需水的问题,提出了基于Tennant法改进的生态水位计算方法。该方法将Tennant法中不同栖息状态下推荐流量占多年平均流量的百分比与水位保证率进行关联,以不同栖息状态对应的保证率水位作为生态水位。以淮河流域入海水道生态水位计算为例,选取淮河流域主要干支流上具有长序列流量资料的19个水文站作为参考站点,利用P-Ⅲ曲线推求Tennant法推荐流量阈值的水文保证率,综合分析各站结果,确定了淮河流域河流系统生态流量满足各等级所对应的水文保证率,并将其应用于流量资料缺乏的淮河入海水道生态水位计算。结果表明:淮河流域河流系统栖息状态为差与最佳时的水文保证率分别为90.2%,27.0%～41.6%。淮河入海水道淮阜控制调度闸和东沙港闸生态水位应分别保持在1.26～1.83 m、1.08～1.72 m之间。基于Tennant法改进的方法为流量资料缺乏河道生态需水的计算提供了一种新思路。
The flows suggested by Tennant method cannot be used to solve the ecological water demand problem of the rivers without flow data, this paper proposes an improved ecological water level calculation method based on Tennant. In this method, water level guarantee rate is connected to the percentage of the discharges proposed by Tennant under different habitat status in the average annual flow, and the water levels of various guarantee rates corresponding to different habitat status are determined as ecological water levels. Taking the ecological water level calculation of the Huaihe River Sea-entering Channel as an example, 19 hydrology stations with long flow data series on the main stem and tributaries of the Huaihe River Basin are selected as reference stations. The hydrological guarantee rates corresponding to the flow thresholds recommended in Tennant are estimated by P-Ⅲ curve, and the results of various stations are analyzed comprehensively to get the hydrological guarantee rates corresponding to the Tennant ecological flow, which are applied to the calculation of the ecological water level in the estuary channel without flow data. The results show that the hydrological guarantee rates for the poorest and best conditions in the Huaihe River Basin are 90.2% and 27.0%～41.6% respectively. The water level of the Huaifu Control floodgate and the Dongshagang floodgate should be maintained at 1.26-1.83 m and 1.08-1.72 m in order to guarantee the ecological health of the Huaihe River Sea-entering Channel. This method provides a new insight for ecological water level calculation in rivers without flow data.
The flows suggested by Tennant method cannot be used to solve the ecological water demand problem of the rivers without flow data, this paper proposes an improved ecological water level calculation method based on Tennant. In this method, water level guarantee rate is connected to the percentage of the discharges proposed by Tennant under different habitat status in the average annual flow, and the water levels of various guarantee rates corresponding to different habitat status are determined as ecological water levels. Taking the ecological water level calculation of the Huaihe River Sea-entering Channel as an example, 19 hydrology stations with long flow data series on the main stem and tributaries of the Huaihe River Basin are selected as reference stations. The hydrological guarantee rates corresponding to the flow thresholds recommended in Tennant are estimated by P-Ⅲ curve, and the results of various stations are analyzed comprehensively to get the hydrological guarantee rates corresponding to the Tennant ecological flow, which are applied to the calculation of the ecological water level in the estuary channel without flow data. The results show that the hydrological guarantee rates for the poorest and best conditions in the Huaihe River Basin are 90.2% and 27.0%～41.6% respectively. The water level of the Huaifu Control floodgate and the Dongshagang floodgate should be maintained at 1.26-1.83 m and 1.08-1.72 m in order to guarantee the ecological health of the Huaihe River Sea-entering Channel. This method provides a new insight for ecological water level calculation in rivers without flow data.
引文
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[18] 徐志侠,董增川,周健康,等.生态需水计算的蒙大拿法及其应用[J].水利水电技术,2003,11(34):15-17..
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[21] 冯夏清,章光新,尹雄锐.基于生态保护目标的太子河下游河道生态需水量计算[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(7):1466-1471.
[22] 朱才荣,张翔,穆宏强.汉江中下游河道基本生态需水与生径比分析[J].人民长江,2014,45(12):10-15.
[23] 陈凯麒,陶洁.河流生物栖息地的生态水文学研究[J].水资源保护,2015,31(6):52-56,75.
[24] 徐志侠.河道与湖泊生态需水研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[25] 黄广勇,查红,王书亮.盐城市河流生态水位分析[J].治淮,2016(1):22-23.
[26] 陈玥,管仪庆,苗建中,等.基于长期水文变化的苏北高邮湖生态水位及保障程度[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(2):398-408.
[27] 水艳,李丽华,喻光晔.淮河流域系统开展生态需水研究的现状与趋势分析[J].治淮,2015(1):25-26.
[28] 潘扎荣,阮晓红.淮河流域河道内生态需水保障程度时空特征解析[J].水利学报,2015,46(3):280-290.
[2] 潘扎荣,阮晓红,周金金,等.河道生态需水量研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(4):89-94.
[3] 倪晋仁,崔树彬,李天宏,等.论河流生态环境需水[J].水利学报,2002(9):14-19,26.
[4] 崔真真,谭红武,杜强.流域生态需水研究综述[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(2):70-74,87.
[5] 孙栋元,杨俊,胡想全,等.基于生态保护目标的疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):1008-1020.
[6] 汪志荣,张晓晓,田彦杰.流域生态需水研究体系和计算方法[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(15):3204-3211.
[7] 丰华丽,夏军,占车生.生态环境需水研究现状和展望[J].地理科学进展,2003 (6):591-598.
[8] Donald Leroy Tennant.Instream Flow Regimens for Fish,Wildlife,Recreation and Related Environmental Resources[J].Fisheries,1976,1(4):6-10.
[9] Mathews R C,Bao Y X.The texas method of preliminary instream flow assessment[J].Rivers,1991,2(4):295-310.
[10] Gippel C J,Stewardson M J.Use of wetted perimeter in defining minimum environmental flows[J].River Research & Applications,2015,14(1):53-67.
[11] Mosely M P.The effect of changing discharge on channal morphology and instream uses and in a braide river,Ohau River,New Zealand[J].Water Resources Researches,1982 (18):800-812.
[12] Statzner B,Müller R.Standard hemispheres as indicators of flow characteristics in lotic benthos research[J].Freshwater Biology,1989,21(3):445-459.
[13] Stalnaker C.The Instream Flow Incremental Methodology-A Primer for IFIM[R].Department of Interior National Biological Service Biological Report,1995(29).
[14] Arthington A H,King J M,Keefee J H,et al.Development of an holistic approach for assessing environmental flow requirements of river in eecosystem[A].In:Pigram J J,Hooper B P(eds).Water Allocation for the Environment.Armindale:The Centre for Policy Research[C].University of New England,1992:69-76.
[15] King J,Louw D.Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the Building Block Methodology[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management,1998,1(2):109-124.
[16] Karim K,Gubbels M E,Goulter I C.Review of determination of instream flow requirements with special application to australia[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1995,31(6):1063-1077.
[17] 杨志峰,张远.河道生态环境需水研究方法比较[J].水动力学研究与进展,2003,18(3):294-301.
[18] 徐志侠,董增川,周健康,等.生态需水计算的蒙大拿法及其应用[J].水利水电技术,2003,11(34):15-17..
[19] 牛夏,王启优.疏勒河流域生态需水量研究[J].人民长江,2016,47(22):21-25..
[20] 李红清,林国俊,杨寅群,等.厄瓜多尔流域综合规划适宜生态流量研究[J].人民长江,2017,48(22):48-52.
[21] 冯夏清,章光新,尹雄锐.基于生态保护目标的太子河下游河道生态需水量计算[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(7):1466-1471.
[22] 朱才荣,张翔,穆宏强.汉江中下游河道基本生态需水与生径比分析[J].人民长江,2014,45(12):10-15.
[23] 陈凯麒,陶洁.河流生物栖息地的生态水文学研究[J].水资源保护,2015,31(6):52-56,75.
[24] 徐志侠.河道与湖泊生态需水研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[25] 黄广勇,查红,王书亮.盐城市河流生态水位分析[J].治淮,2016(1):22-23.
[26] 陈玥,管仪庆,苗建中,等.基于长期水文变化的苏北高邮湖生态水位及保障程度[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(2):398-408.
[27] 水艳,李丽华,喻光晔.淮河流域系统开展生态需水研究的现状与趋势分析[J].治淮,2015(1):25-26.
[28] 潘扎荣,阮晓红.淮河流域河道内生态需水保障程度时空特征解析[J].水利学报,2015,46(3):280-290.