某大型汽车厂涂装车间搬迁遗留场地的污染特征分析
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摘要
以某大型汽车厂涂装车间搬迁遗留场地为研究对象,在初期污染识别的基础上,采集0~6 m深的58个土壤样品、4个地下水样品及1个清洗池废水样品,检测其中的重金属、总石油烃(TPH)、挥发性有机物(VOC)及半挥发性有机物(SVOC)的含量,分析了主要污染物在该区域土壤和地下水中的水平与垂直分布特征,并根据土工试验结果、场地布局等情况进行污染源溯源分析。结果表明:土壤中检测出的污染物为TPH(C_(15)-C_(28))及苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽等多环芳烃类,地下水和清洗池废水中检测出的污染物为TPH(C_(15)-C_(28))。土壤污染物检出样品基本分布在表层(0.5-1.5 m),场地内污染物分布也较集中,其中超标样品集中在SB-4点位0.5 m处,但检出深度达5 m,推测该处的污染是由原材料跑冒滴漏所致。水样中检出TPH的质量浓度范围是120~2 100μg/L。由地下水埋深及流向判断,地下水的污染可能是因为清洗池渗漏。
The contamination of the site remained after the relocation of the painting workshop of a car automobile manufacturer was identified initially. Fifty-eight soil samples, four groundwater samples, and one cleaning pool wastewater sample were collected at a depth of 0-6 m. The heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH), volatile organic compounds(VOC), and semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOC) in the samples were analyzed. The horizontal and vertical distributions of the contaminants in soil and groundwater as well as their origins were discussed based on the geotechnical test result and the workshop layout. The results showed that: the contaminants detected in the soil were TPH(C_(15)-C_(28)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, while TPH(C_(15)-C_(28)) in groundwater and cleaning pool wastewater. The soil samples containing contaminants mainly existed in the surficial layer(0.5-1.5 m). The distribution of contaminants in this site was concentrated. The noncompliant samples were mainly from a depth of 0.5 m at the sampling spot SB-4 where the contaminants were detectable even at a depth of 5 m. It was speculated that the contamination in this area was caused by the leakage of raw materials. The mass concentration of TPH(C_(15)-C_(28)) ranged from 120 to 2 100 μg/L in the water samples. It was judged from the depth and flow direction of groundwater that the groundwater contamination might be caused by the leakage of the cleaning pool.
The contamination of the site remained after the relocation of the painting workshop of a car automobile manufacturer was identified initially. Fifty-eight soil samples, four groundwater samples, and one cleaning pool wastewater sample were collected at a depth of 0-6 m. The heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH), volatile organic compounds(VOC), and semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOC) in the samples were analyzed. The horizontal and vertical distributions of the contaminants in soil and groundwater as well as their origins were discussed based on the geotechnical test result and the workshop layout. The results showed that: the contaminants detected in the soil were TPH(C_(15)-C_(28)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, while TPH(C_(15)-C_(28)) in groundwater and cleaning pool wastewater. The soil samples containing contaminants mainly existed in the surficial layer(0.5-1.5 m). The distribution of contaminants in this site was concentrated. The noncompliant samples were mainly from a depth of 0.5 m at the sampling spot SB-4 where the contaminants were detectable even at a depth of 5 m. It was speculated that the contamination in this area was caused by the leakage of raw materials. The mass concentration of TPH(C_(15)-C_(28)) ranged from 120 to 2 100 μg/L in the water samples. It was judged from the depth and flow direction of groundwater that the groundwater contamination might be caused by the leakage of the cleaning pool.
引文
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[9]吴涛.汽车车身涂装技术的发展动态[J].汽车工艺与材料, 2006(1):1-3.
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[15]SWARTJES F A, RUTGERS M, LIJZEN J P A, et al. State of the art of contaminated site management in The Netherlands:policy framework and riskassessment tools[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 427/428:1-10.
[16]LIJZENJPA,BAARSAJ,CROMMENTUIJNGH,etal.Herziening interventiewaardelood:evaluatievandeafleidingvande interventiewaardegrond/sediment en grondwater[R/OL]. Bilthoven:Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, 1999.(2000–06–05)[2018–10–15]. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701013.pdf.LIJZEN J P A, BAARS A J, CROMMENTUIJN G H, et al. Revision of the Intervention value for lead; evaluation of the intervention values derived forsoil/sediment and groundwater[R/OL]. Bilthoven:Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 1999.(2000–06–05)[2018–10–15].https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701013.pdf.
[17]杜卫东,万云洋,钟宁宁,等.土壤和沉积物石油污染现状[J].武汉大学学报(理学版), 2011, 57(4):311-322.
[18]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.某石油化工污染场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染特征及成因分析[J].水文地质工程地质, 2012, 39(6):97-102.
[2]鹿守敢,孟慧芳.某化工企业搬迁遗留场地环境调查与健康风险评估[J].环境科技, 2017, 30(6):40-45.
[3]骆永明.中国污染场地修复的研究进展、问题与展望[J].环境监测管理与技术, 2011, 23(3):1-6.
[4]骆永明.中国土壤环境污染态势及预防、控制和修复策略[J].环境污染与防治, 2009, 31(12):27-31.
[5]张华,蒋鹏,许石豪,等.有机污染场地环境初步调查与风险评估[J].安全与环境工程, 2012, 19(6):64-68.
[6]姚耀富.原“小南化”地块土壤修复将全部完成[J].化工安全与环境, 2013(45):19.
[7]刘伊曼.常州“毒地”背后:危废处置的监管真空[J].百姓生活, 2016(10):7-9.
[8]方红燕,苟海平.汽车行业先进涂装工艺及节能减排效果分析[J].汽车与配件, 2013(45):36-39.
[9]吴涛.汽车车身涂装技术的发展动态[J].汽车工艺与材料, 2006(1):1-3.
[10]周毓婷,赖晨光.汽车涂装工艺对环境的污染及其治理措施[J].广州化工, 2014, 42(7):116-118.
[11]谢媛宇,国丽.基于最佳可行产排污系数法及先进工艺控制法的汽车及零部件企业环境准入标准研究探讨[J].汽车零部件, 2011(7):45-51.
[12]REDDY K R, ALA P R, SHARMA S, et al. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of contaminated manufactured gas plant soil[J]. Engineering Geology,2006, 85(1/2):132-146.
[13]BARDSLEY R. USEPA Method 8260C using the Tekmar Atomx Automated VOC Sample Prep System and a Thermo Focus/DSQ?II GCMS[R/OL].(2010–10–14)[2018–10–15]. http://www.teledynetekmar.com/resources/Application Notes/8260CAppNoteThermoFinal.pdf.
[14]UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.EPAMethod8015D(SW-846):NonhalogenatedOrganicsUsingGC/FID[S/OL].(2015–12–08)[2018–10–15]. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/8015d_r4.pdf.
[15]SWARTJES F A, RUTGERS M, LIJZEN J P A, et al. State of the art of contaminated site management in The Netherlands:policy framework and riskassessment tools[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 427/428:1-10.
[16]LIJZENJPA,BAARSAJ,CROMMENTUIJNGH,etal.Herziening interventiewaardelood:evaluatievandeafleidingvande interventiewaardegrond/sediment en grondwater[R/OL]. Bilthoven:Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, 1999.(2000–06–05)[2018–10–15]. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701013.pdf.LIJZEN J P A, BAARS A J, CROMMENTUIJN G H, et al. Revision of the Intervention value for lead; evaluation of the intervention values derived forsoil/sediment and groundwater[R/OL]. Bilthoven:Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 1999.(2000–06–05)[2018–10–15].https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701013.pdf.
[17]杜卫东,万云洋,钟宁宁,等.土壤和沉积物石油污染现状[J].武汉大学学报(理学版), 2011, 57(4):311-322.
[18]吕晓立,邵景力,刘景涛,等.某石油化工污染场地地下水中挥发性有机物污染特征及成因分析[J].水文地质工程地质, 2012, 39(6):97-102.