灰楸无性系生长和形质性状变异与选择
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摘要
[目的]本研究考察了灰楸无性系生长(树高、胸径、单株材积)和形质(分枝度、分枝角、冠幅、树皮厚度、尖削度)性状,为灰楸优质用材良种选育和定向培育提供理论依据。[方法]以5年生灰楸试验林33个无性系为材料进行多个性状的遗传变异分析、方差分析、重复力估算。利用主成分分析和隶属函数法综合选择优良无性系。[结果]灰楸树高、胸径、单株材积在无性系间差异显著或极显著,其重复力为0.456～0.592。灰楸形质性状中,平均尖削度P1和P3在无性系间存在显著或极显著差异,且具有中等大小的重复力(0.479和0.415)。遗传相关分析中,单株材积与冠幅、树皮厚度、平均尖削度P1等存在显著或极显著较弱的正相关,相关系数为0.178～0.263。针对不同育种目标,利用主成分评价和隶属函数法最终选择出特定的优良无性系。[结论]5年生灰楸无性系间各性状存在丰富的遗传变异,且生长性状受到中等的遗传控制,有较好的遗传改良潜力。灰楸无性系生长性状与形质性状具有独立性,可进行单独定向选择。灰楸无性系H3-1-9、H3-1-18、H3-1-10、H3-1-3、H3-2-16和H3-1-17可作为速生丰产良种;无性系H3-1-16、H3-1-19、H3-2-12和H3-2-9可作为优质用材的无性系;无性系H3-1-17、H3-1-10、H3-1-18和H3-2-16可考虑作为生长和形质综合改良的灰楸无性系在当地推广。
[Objective] To study the breeding and directional cultivation of high-quality Catalpa fargesii clones by investigating the growth(tree height, DBH, individual volume) and trunk shape traits(branch degree, branch angle, crown, bark thickness, sharpness) of C. fargesii clones. [Method] The analysis of genetic variation, variance and repeatability of several traits were carried out using 33 five-year-old C. fargesii clones. The optimal clones were selected by principal component analysis and membership function method. [Result] The height, diameter, and individual volume of C. fargesii were significantly or extremely significantly different among the clones, and the repeatability was between 0.456 and 0.592. There were significant or extremely significant differences among clones with average sharpness P1 and P3 which had moderate repeatability(0.479 and 0.415). In the genetic correlation analysis, there was a significant or extremely significant positive weak correlation between individual volume and crown, bark thickness and average sharpness P1, the correlation was 0.178-0.263. According to different breeding objectives, the selection of clone was carried out by principal component evaluation and membership function method. The optimal clones selected by the two methods were combined. [Conclusion] There was abundant genetic variation among the traits of the 5-year-old C. fargesii clones, and the growth traits are controlled by the genetic control in the middle and have good genetic improvement potential. The growth traits of C. fargesii clones are independent of the trunk shape traits and can be individually oriented. 6 C. fargesii clones are selected as fast-growing and high-yield varieties; 4 clones are selected as high-quality timber clones; and 4 can be considered as the clones improved both in growth and trunk shape traits and is suitable to be extended locally.
[Objective] To study the breeding and directional cultivation of high-quality Catalpa fargesii clones by investigating the growth(tree height, DBH, individual volume) and trunk shape traits(branch degree, branch angle, crown, bark thickness, sharpness) of C. fargesii clones. [Method] The analysis of genetic variation, variance and repeatability of several traits were carried out using 33 five-year-old C. fargesii clones. The optimal clones were selected by principal component analysis and membership function method. [Result] The height, diameter, and individual volume of C. fargesii were significantly or extremely significantly different among the clones, and the repeatability was between 0.456 and 0.592. There were significant or extremely significant differences among clones with average sharpness P1 and P3 which had moderate repeatability(0.479 and 0.415). In the genetic correlation analysis, there was a significant or extremely significant positive weak correlation between individual volume and crown, bark thickness and average sharpness P1, the correlation was 0.178-0.263. According to different breeding objectives, the selection of clone was carried out by principal component evaluation and membership function method. The optimal clones selected by the two methods were combined. [Conclusion] There was abundant genetic variation among the traits of the 5-year-old C. fargesii clones, and the growth traits are controlled by the genetic control in the middle and have good genetic improvement potential. The growth traits of C. fargesii clones are independent of the trunk shape traits and can be individually oriented. 6 C. fargesii clones are selected as fast-growing and high-yield varieties; 4 clones are selected as high-quality timber clones; and 4 can be considered as the clones improved both in growth and trunk shape traits and is suitable to be extended locally.
引文
[1] 潘庆凯,康平生,郭明.楸树 [M ].北京:中国林业出版社,1991:1-4.
[2] 赵秋玲,马建伟,王军辉,等.灰楸不同流域种质变异与多样性研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(5):803-809.
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[7] 马建伟,王军辉,宋璐,等.楸树杂种无性系幼龄期材性遗传变异[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(10):11-15.
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[9] 陈森锟,尹伟伦,刘晓东,等.修枝对欧美107杨木材生长量的短期影响[J].林业科学,2008,44(7):130-135.
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[11] 郑海水,陈玉培,曾杰,等.不同种源西南桦在云南景东的生长差异[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(6):657-661.
[12] 管兰华,潘惠新,黄敏仁,等.美洲黑杨×欧美杨F1无性系遗传变异[J].浙江农林大学学报,2004,21(4):376-381.
[13] Guidi W,Piccioni E,Ginanni M,et al.Bark content estimation in poplar (Populus deltoides L.) short-rotation coppice in Central Italy[J].Biomass & Bioenergy,2008,32(6):518-524.
[14] 赵阳,乔杰,王保平,等.南方低山丘陵区泡桐无性系生长和干形综合选择[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(9):32-40.
[15] 孙晓梅,张守攻,王卫东,等.日本落叶松自由授粉家系形质性状遗传变异的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):41-45.
[16] 解懿妮,莫晓勇,彭仕尧,等.粤西21个桉树无性系早期性状遗传变异分析和无性系综合选择[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2018,42(3):77-84.
[17] 黄德龙.柳桉家系适应性试验与遗传变异分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(3):207-212.
[18] 李善文,姜岳忠,王桂岩,等.黑杨派无性系多性状遗传分析及综合评选研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):36-40.
[19] 林元震,张卫华,郭海.R与ASReml-R统计学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017.
[20] 续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[21] 李斌,刘立强,罗淑萍,等.扁桃花芽的抗寒性测定与综合评价[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):16-21.
[22] 孙锋,周永东,贺志强,等.无卡轴旋切桉木单板出材率的研究[J].木材加工机械,2012,23(4):36-39.
[23] 张勇,仲崇禄,陈羽,等.海南5年生木麻黄优良无性系的选择与评价[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(5):25-30.
[24] 陈建华,纪程灵,吴际友,等.台湾桤木无性系的生长性状比较[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(4):7-9.
[25] 冯延芝,乔杰,王保平,等.南方低山丘陵区泡桐无性系主要性状的综合选择[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):969-976.
[26] 肖遥,张蕊,楚秀丽,等.24个产地南方红豆杉在两试验点的生长差异及其选择[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(2):342-348.
[27] 张冬梅,鲍甫成,张志毅,等.毛白杨无性系湿心材比例的遗传分析[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):140-144.
[28] 徐宏远.杨树工业用材林的定向培育[J].世界林业研究,1994,7(2):33-39.
[2] 赵秋玲,马建伟,王军辉,等.灰楸不同流域种质变异与多样性研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(5):803-809.
[3] 张宋智,王军辉,贠慧玲,等.幼龄楸树生长、生理和形态性状的遗传变异[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(10):4-8.
[4] 翟文继,麻文俊,王秋霞,等.楸树苗期优良家系及单株的配合选择[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(3):68-71.
[5] 赵曦阳,王军辉,张金凤,等.楸树无性系叶绿素荧光及生长特性变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(3):41-47.
[6] 张帅,谯四红,荣新军,等.15个楸树无性系间表型性状和光合性状分析[J].安徽林业科技,2015(4):15-18.
[7] 马建伟,王军辉,宋璐,等.楸树杂种无性系幼龄期材性遗传变异[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(10):11-15.
[8] Zobel B J,Kellison R C .The rate of growth syndrome[J].Silvae Genetica,1978,27(3/4):123-124.
[9] 陈森锟,尹伟伦,刘晓东,等.修枝对欧美107杨木材生长量的短期影响[J].林业科学,2008,44(7):130-135.
[10] 何贵平,陈益泰,关志山,等.杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(5):556-559.
[11] 郑海水,陈玉培,曾杰,等.不同种源西南桦在云南景东的生长差异[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(6):657-661.
[12] 管兰华,潘惠新,黄敏仁,等.美洲黑杨×欧美杨F1无性系遗传变异[J].浙江农林大学学报,2004,21(4):376-381.
[13] Guidi W,Piccioni E,Ginanni M,et al.Bark content estimation in poplar (Populus deltoides L.) short-rotation coppice in Central Italy[J].Biomass & Bioenergy,2008,32(6):518-524.
[14] 赵阳,乔杰,王保平,等.南方低山丘陵区泡桐无性系生长和干形综合选择[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(9):32-40.
[15] 孙晓梅,张守攻,王卫东,等.日本落叶松自由授粉家系形质性状遗传变异的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):41-45.
[16] 解懿妮,莫晓勇,彭仕尧,等.粤西21个桉树无性系早期性状遗传变异分析和无性系综合选择[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2018,42(3):77-84.
[17] 黄德龙.柳桉家系适应性试验与遗传变异分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(3):207-212.
[18] 李善文,姜岳忠,王桂岩,等.黑杨派无性系多性状遗传分析及综合评选研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):36-40.
[19] 林元震,张卫华,郭海.R与ASReml-R统计学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017.
[20] 续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[21] 李斌,刘立强,罗淑萍,等.扁桃花芽的抗寒性测定与综合评价[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):16-21.
[22] 孙锋,周永东,贺志强,等.无卡轴旋切桉木单板出材率的研究[J].木材加工机械,2012,23(4):36-39.
[23] 张勇,仲崇禄,陈羽,等.海南5年生木麻黄优良无性系的选择与评价[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(5):25-30.
[24] 陈建华,纪程灵,吴际友,等.台湾桤木无性系的生长性状比较[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(4):7-9.
[25] 冯延芝,乔杰,王保平,等.南方低山丘陵区泡桐无性系主要性状的综合选择[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):969-976.
[26] 肖遥,张蕊,楚秀丽,等.24个产地南方红豆杉在两试验点的生长差异及其选择[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(2):342-348.
[27] 张冬梅,鲍甫成,张志毅,等.毛白杨无性系湿心材比例的遗传分析[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):140-144.
[28] 徐宏远.杨树工业用材林的定向培育[J].世界林业研究,1994,7(2):33-39.
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