滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区越冬期水鸟现状评价
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摘要
2016年9月～2017年4月对滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区越冬前期、中期、后期3个时期的滨海湿地水鸟种类和数量进行了调查。保护区共记录到水鸟7目12科54种,其中鸻鹬类、鸥类及雁鸭类(共占记录物种总数的83.33%)是构成保护区越冬期水鸟的主要类群。越冬中期水鸟种类、数量水平(19种9042只)明显低于越冬前期(29种28002只)和越冬后期(36种21043只),这可能与该地区环境温度变化规律有关。保护区越冬期水鸟群落多样性总体水平相对较高(多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数平均值分别为2.82、0.59、1.90),表明该地区生态环境状况适宜迁徙水鸟越冬。为更好地保护滨州近岸海域水鸟及其栖息地,建议尽早将保护区有关滨海湿地申报列入《国际重要湿地名录》。
Surveys of wintering waterfowl in Binzhou Shell-dyke Island and Wetland National Nature Reserve were carried out during September 2016 to April 2017.A total of 54 waterfowl species belonging to 7 orders and 12 families were found.Shorebirds,gulls and ducks,accounting for 83.33% of the total species,had emerged as the dominant species in wintering period.Waterfowl species and individual numbers in mid-winter(19 species and 9042 individuals) were obviously lower than those in pre-winter(29 species and 28002 individuals) and post-winter(36 species and 21043 individuals).This distribution of waterfowl in wintering period was likely due to the change of environment temperature.Shannon-Weaver diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were averaged 2.82,0.59 and 1.90,respectively,showing that waterfowl community diversity in wintering period was relatively high,and further indicating that coastal wetlands in the Binzhou Reserve is an appropriate habitat for waterfowl wintering.Thus,the Binzhou Reserve should be a name on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance as soon as possible for better conservation of waterfowl and their habitat.
Surveys of wintering waterfowl in Binzhou Shell-dyke Island and Wetland National Nature Reserve were carried out during September 2016 to April 2017.A total of 54 waterfowl species belonging to 7 orders and 12 families were found.Shorebirds,gulls and ducks,accounting for 83.33% of the total species,had emerged as the dominant species in wintering period.Waterfowl species and individual numbers in mid-winter(19 species and 9042 individuals) were obviously lower than those in pre-winter(29 species and 28002 individuals) and post-winter(36 species and 21043 individuals).This distribution of waterfowl in wintering period was likely due to the change of environment temperature.Shannon-Weaver diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were averaged 2.82,0.59 and 1.90,respectively,showing that waterfowl community diversity in wintering period was relatively high,and further indicating that coastal wetlands in the Binzhou Reserve is an appropriate habitat for waterfowl wintering.Thus,the Binzhou Reserve should be a name on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance as soon as possible for better conservation of waterfowl and their habitat.
引文
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[2] 关道明.中国滨海湿地[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[3] AMAT J A,GREEN A J.Waterbirds as bioindicators of environmental conditions[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2010:45-52.
[4] HITCHCOCK C,GRATTO-TREVOR C.Diagnosing a shorebird local population decline with a stage-structured population model[J].Ecology,1997,78(2):522-534.
[5] 杞银凤,廖峻涛,彭贵鸿,等.丽江拉市海湿地恢复区越冬水鸟栖息地适宜性的模糊综合评价[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(4):565-570.
[6] XIA S X,YU X B,MILLINGTON S,et al.Identifying priority sites and gaps for the conservation of migratorywaterbirds in China′s coastal wetlands[J].Biological Conservation,2017,210:72-82.
[7] 国家海洋环境监测中心.滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区总体规划[R].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016.
[8] 吕磊,贾少波.山东省滨州市湿地水鸟的多样性调查[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(3):133-138.
[9] 中国海洋大学.滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区科学考察报告[R].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[10] REYNOLDS R T,SCOTT J M,NUSSBAUM R A.A variable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers[J].Condor,1980,82(3):309-313.
[11] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana,IL:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[12] PIELOU E C.Ecological diversity[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1975.
[13] MARGALEFD R.Information theory in ecology[J].International Journal of General Systems,1958,3:36-71.
[14] 国家林业局.中国湿地保护行动计划[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:43-56.
[15]《湿地公约》履约办公室.湿地公约履约指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[16] 李言阔,钱法文,单继红,等.气候变化对鄱阳湖白鹤越冬种群数量变化的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2645-2653.
[17] LIU M.Survey report of waterfowl along the coast of Liaoning Province[J].Chinese Wildlife,1993,106(3):16-17.
[18] 马瑞俊,蒋志刚.全球气候变化对野生动物的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):3061-3066.
[19] 国家海洋局.2016年中国海洋环境质量公报[Z].北京:国家海洋局,2017.
[20] 王志忠,张金路,许国晶,等.2012年滨州浅海大型底栖动物现状评价[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(4):526-533.
[21] 张冬冬,刘晓旭,关春江,等.青堆子湾的近岸海域与养殖池塘四个季节的浮游植物调查与研究[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(2):209-213.
[22] 方文珍,陈志鸿,陈小麟,等.厦门滨海湿地冬季鸟类群落多样性研究[J].海洋科学,2007,31(1):10-16.
[23] 孙孝平,张银龙,曹铭昌,等.黄河三角洲自然保护区秋冬季水鸟群落组成与生境关系分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):514-521.