大薸对微污染含铬废水的净化及其适应机制
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摘要
采用实验室培养的方式,研究大薸(Pistia stratiotes)在处理某电镀厂微污染含铬废水的净化效果及其机理。实验结果表明,7 d内,大薸(200 g,鲜重)对20 L含铬废水(铬(Ⅵ)0.5 mg/L,总铬为2.0 mg/L)的铬(Ⅵ)和总铬清除率分别为99.4%和71.6%;被吸收的铬离子主要分布在根部,占吸收总量的68.3%。通过对比分析试验组和对照组根系分泌物和植株体内化学成份,可见大薸对微污染含铬废水的适应机制为:(1)大薸根部分泌出大量的有机酸、糖和氨基酸及蛋白类等,有机酸等将含铬废水中毒性较大的铬(Ⅵ)还原成毒性较小的铬(Ⅲ),缓解其毒害作用。(2)大薸合成大量植物络合物(PCs)降低已吸收的铬离子对植株的毒害作用。
The laboratory experiments were done to study the removal effect and mechanism of Pistia stratiotes on treating micro-polluted wastewater of chromium. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of Pistia stratiotes, incubating in 20 litres chromium-containing wastewater(Cr(Ⅵ) 0.5 mg/L, total chromium 2.0 mg/L) in seven days, on chromium(Ⅵ) and total chromium were 99.4% and 71.6% respectively. The chromium ions were mainly in the roots, accounting for 68.3% of the total. According to the measurement of the root exudates and the chemical composition of the plants, it can be considered that the adaptational mechanism of the P. stratiotes to the micro-polluted wastewater of chromium was as follows: the root of P. stratiotes excreted large amounts of organics which mainly includes organic acids,carbohydrate, amino acids and proteins. Organic acids can reduce chromium(Ⅵ)(more toxic) to chromium(Ⅲ)(less toxic) in chromium-containing wastewater, to alleviate its toxic effects. Large quantities of plant complexes(PCs) in the experimental group(chromium-containing wastewater) were synthesized to reduce the toxic effects of absorbing chromium ions in P. stratiotes.
The laboratory experiments were done to study the removal effect and mechanism of Pistia stratiotes on treating micro-polluted wastewater of chromium. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of Pistia stratiotes, incubating in 20 litres chromium-containing wastewater(Cr(Ⅵ) 0.5 mg/L, total chromium 2.0 mg/L) in seven days, on chromium(Ⅵ) and total chromium were 99.4% and 71.6% respectively. The chromium ions were mainly in the roots, accounting for 68.3% of the total. According to the measurement of the root exudates and the chemical composition of the plants, it can be considered that the adaptational mechanism of the P. stratiotes to the micro-polluted wastewater of chromium was as follows: the root of P. stratiotes excreted large amounts of organics which mainly includes organic acids,carbohydrate, amino acids and proteins. Organic acids can reduce chromium(Ⅵ)(more toxic) to chromium(Ⅲ)(less toxic) in chromium-containing wastewater, to alleviate its toxic effects. Large quantities of plant complexes(PCs) in the experimental group(chromium-containing wastewater) were synthesized to reduce the toxic effects of absorbing chromium ions in P. stratiotes.
引文
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[19]刘维涛,倪均成,周启星,等.重金属富集植物生物质的处置技术研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(1):15-27.Liu Weitao,Ni Juncheng,Zhou Qixing,et al.Research progress of disposal technology for heavy metal-enriched plant biomass[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(1):15-27.
[20]韦朝阳,陈同斌.重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1196-1203.Wei Chaoyang,Chen Tongbin.Hyperaccumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil:a review of studies in China and abroad[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(7):1196-1203.
[2]GB 8978-1996,污水综合排放标准[S].GB 8978-1996,Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard[S].
[3]王娟娟,马晓燕,刘海林,等.废铬治理技术研究进展[J].西部皮革,2003(10):43-45.Wang Juanjuan,Ma Xiaoyan,Liu Hailin,et al.The development of the waste chromium disposal[J].Westleacher,2003,25(10):43-45.
[4]陈文萍,徐舒阳,那中元,等.紫根水葫芦对重金属水体的净化作用[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2284-2290.Chen Wenping,Xu Shuyang,Na Zhongyuan,et al.Effect of purple root water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes)on purification of water containing heavy metals[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2284-2290.
[5]陈金发,杨平,聂琦珊,等.大薸对不同质量浓度畜禽废水的净化作用及生物学效应[J].重庆大学学报,2014,37(3):87-94.Chen Jinfa,Yang Ping,Nie Qishan,et al.Purification and biological effect of Pistia stratiotes under different concentrations of livestock wastewater[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2014,37(3):87-94.
[6]李猛,马旭洲,王武.大薸对水体氮磷去除效果的初步研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(9):1137-1142.Li Meng,Ma Xuzhou,Wang Wu.Effects of Pistia staratiotes on removal rate fornitrogen and phosphorus in polluted water body[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(9):1137-1142.
[7]国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第3版.北京:中国环境出版社,1998.State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Monitoring and Analytic Methods of Water and Wastewater[M].3th ed.Beijing:Environmental Science Press of China,1998.
[8]李琳,焦新之.应用蛋白染色剂考马斯亮蓝G-250测定蛋白质含量的方法[J].植物生理学通讯,1980,16(6):53.Li Lin,Jiao Xinzhi.Method for determining protein content by using protein staining agent Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1980,16(6):53.
[9]魏晓明,符红,万幼平.硫酸蒽酮比色法测定鹿龟酒中多糖的含量[J].中成药,2000,22(5):381-382.Wei Xiaoming,Fu Hong,Wan Youping.Content determination of polysaccharides in Lu Gui Tincture by Colorimetry of Sulfuric acid Anthron[J].Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine,2000,22(5):381-382.
[10]Cawthray Gr.An improved reversed-phase liquid chromato graphic method for the analysis of low-molecular mass organic acids in plant root exudates[J].Chromatog A,2003,1011(1/2):233-240.
[11]Mucha AP,Almeida CMR,Bordalo AA,et al.LMWOA(low molecular weight organic acid)exudation by salt marsh plants:natural variation and response to Cu contamination[J].Estua Coastal Shelf Sci,2010,88:63-67.
[12]Sneller FEC,Heerwaarden LM,Koevoets PLM,et al.Derivatization of phytochelatins from Silene vulgaris,induced upon exposure to arsenate and cadmium:comparison of derivatization with Ellman's reagent and monobromobimane[J].Agric Food Chem,2000,48(9):4014-4019.
[13]达良俊,陈鸣.凤眼莲不同部位对重金属的吸收、吸附作用研究[J].上海环境科学,2003(11):765-767.Da Liangjun,Chen Ming.Heave metal Content in different parts of eichhornia crassipes and adsorption of its root system[J].Shanghai Environmental Science,2003,22(11):765-767.
[14]陈建,徐林.不同条件下Fe(Ⅲ)催化有机酸光化学还原Cr(Ⅵ)的比较研究[J].环境工程报,2013(1):91-195.Chen Jian,Xu Lin.Comparative study on Fe(Ⅲ)catalyzed photochemical reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)by organic acids in water under various conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013(1):91-195.
[15]孔牧,任天祥.植物体内元素吸收积累初步研究[J].物探与化探,1999,23(1):34-38.Kong Mu,Ren Tianxiang,Kong Lingshao,et al.A study of transporting and accumulative mechanism of elements in plants[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1999,23(1):34-38.
[16]代全林.重金属胁迫下植物生态型、MT和PCs的响应[J].广州环境科学,2007,22(3):30-34.Dai Quanlin.Response of plant to the stress of heavy metals on ecotype,MT and PCs[J].Guangzhou Environmental Sciences,2007,22(3):30-34.
[17]刘媛,王妮娅,张雯,等.镉胁迫对秋华柳植物螯合肽含量的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2017,43(3):298-306.Liu Yuan,Wang Niya,Zhang Wen,et al.Effect of cadmium stress on the content of phytochelatins in salix variegata[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture and Life Sciences),2017,43(3):298-306.
[18]谭万能,李志安,邹碧.植物对重金属耐性的分子生态机理[J].植物生态学报,2006(4):703-712.Tan Wanneng,Li Zhian,Zou Bi.Molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to heavy metals[J].Journal of Plant Ecology(formerly Acta Phytoecologica Sinica),2006,30(4):703-712.
[19]刘维涛,倪均成,周启星,等.重金属富集植物生物质的处置技术研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(1):15-27.Liu Weitao,Ni Juncheng,Zhou Qixing,et al.Research progress of disposal technology for heavy metal-enriched plant biomass[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(1):15-27.
[20]韦朝阳,陈同斌.重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1196-1203.Wei Chaoyang,Chen Tongbin.Hyperaccumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil:a review of studies in China and abroad[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(7):1196-1203.
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