污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥对波斯菊生长及重金属积累的影响
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摘要
随着城镇人口增加和城市化的快速发展,每天产生大量的污泥和园林废弃物,而厌氧消化的污泥与园林废弃物的混合堆肥产品应用于林地土壤改良,是城市废弃物循环利用的一种经济有效的方式。本研究在北京平原造林区开展试验,探讨混合堆肥对波斯菊的生长及对重金属元素吸收的影响。结果表明:施用堆肥对土壤全氮和有机质含量无显著影响; Cu、Zn、Cd三种重金属元素在土壤中主要以残渣态的形态存在;施用堆肥提高了土壤Cu、Zn含量,但Zn总量未超过土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—2018)中的土壤污染风险筛选值300 mg·kg-1,Cu在施肥量较高时超过土壤污染风险筛选值100 mg·kg-1;土壤背景值中Cd含量已经高于土壤污染风险管制值4.0 mg·kg-1,施用堆肥对Cd含量的影响无明显规律;波斯菊株高、生物量和花数均随着堆肥施用量的增加而增加;波斯菊对重金属元素的富集性表现为Cu>Cd>Zn。本研究表明,北京平原造林区的人工林生态系统可以忍受一定浓度的污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥,并利用其中的营养物质,提高土壤肥力,促进植物生长。
With urban population growth and rapid urbanization,a large amount of sewage sludge and green waste are produced every day. The application of mixed composting products from anaerobic digested sludge and green waste for soil amendment in woodland is an economical and effective way for the re-use of urban waste. In this study,an experiment was conducted in Beijing Plain afforestation area to explore the effects of mixed compost application on the growth of Cosmos bipinnatus and its absorption of heavy metal elements. Results showed that application of compost had no significant effect on the contents of total soil N and organic matter. Meanwhile,three heavy metals,i. e.,Cu,Zn,and Cd,were mainly present as residual form in the soil.Although compost application increased the Cu and Zn contents in soil,total Zn content did not exceed the pollution risk screening value of 300 mg · kg-1 by the Soil Environmental Quality Standard of China( GB 15618-2018),while total Cu content exceeded the pollution risk screening value of 100 mg·kg-1 only when the dosage of compost was high. Cd content in the ambient soil had exceeded the value of soil pollution risk control value of 4. 0 mg ·kg-1. There was no effect of compost application on the Cd content. Plant height,biomass,and flower number of C.bipinnatus increased with the increasing compost dosage. The enrichment capacities of C. bipinnatus to the three heavy metals were in order of Cu>Cd>Zn. Our results demonstrated that plantation ecosystems in Beijing plain region could tolerate certain concentration of heavy metals from the mixed compost,and utilize other nutrients to improve the soil fertility with positive effect on plant growth.
With urban population growth and rapid urbanization,a large amount of sewage sludge and green waste are produced every day. The application of mixed composting products from anaerobic digested sludge and green waste for soil amendment in woodland is an economical and effective way for the re-use of urban waste. In this study,an experiment was conducted in Beijing Plain afforestation area to explore the effects of mixed compost application on the growth of Cosmos bipinnatus and its absorption of heavy metal elements. Results showed that application of compost had no significant effect on the contents of total soil N and organic matter. Meanwhile,three heavy metals,i. e.,Cu,Zn,and Cd,were mainly present as residual form in the soil.Although compost application increased the Cu and Zn contents in soil,total Zn content did not exceed the pollution risk screening value of 300 mg · kg-1 by the Soil Environmental Quality Standard of China( GB 15618-2018),while total Cu content exceeded the pollution risk screening value of 100 mg·kg-1 only when the dosage of compost was high. Cd content in the ambient soil had exceeded the value of soil pollution risk control value of 4. 0 mg ·kg-1. There was no effect of compost application on the Cd content. Plant height,biomass,and flower number of C.bipinnatus increased with the increasing compost dosage. The enrichment capacities of C. bipinnatus to the three heavy metals were in order of Cu>Cd>Zn. Our results demonstrated that plantation ecosystems in Beijing plain region could tolerate certain concentration of heavy metals from the mixed compost,and utilize other nutrients to improve the soil fertility with positive effect on plant growth.
引文
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社.
崔潇潇,高原,吕贻忠.2010.北京市大兴区土壤肥力的空间变异.农业工程学报,26(9):327-333.
董士伟,李红,孙丹峰,等.2015.北京市大兴区土壤养分空间结构及影响因素分析.水土保持研究,22(2):32-35.
高洁,周永刚,张琪,等.2013.污泥耐受性草本植物的筛选及其对重金属Cu、Zn的富集.环境工程学报,7(1):351-359.
胡克林,张凤荣,吕贻忠,等.2004.北京市大兴区土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征.环境科学学报,24(3):463-468.
李涛,蒲韵婷,王全华,等.2008.Mn、Cu和Zn在植物生长发育中的生理作用.河北农业科学,12(6):12-15.
刘强,陈玲,邱家洲,等.2010.污泥堆肥对园林植物生长及重金属积累的影响.同济大学学报:自然科学版,38(6):870-875.
司莉青,陈立民,郑景明,等.2016.城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥的混合施用对高羊茅萌发与生长的影响.生态学杂志,35(10):2643-2650.
王婧,莫其锋,储双双,等.2018.污泥堆肥对园林植物合果芋(Syngonium podophyllum)生长及重金属吸收累积的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1752-1758.
王淑影,林逢凯,王寒可,等.2015.基质施入污泥对马尼拉草和波斯菊生长的影响.环境工程学报,9(1):374-380.
Almas AR,McBride MB,Singh BR.2000.Solubility and lability of cadmium and zinc in two soils treated with organic matter.Soil Science,165:250-259.
Baldwin KR,Shelton JE.1999.Availability of heavy metals in compost-amended soil.Bioresource Technology,69:1-14.
Bradl HB.2004.Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents.Colloid and Interface Science,277:1-18.
Bramryd T.2013.Long term effects of sewage sludge application on the heavy metal concentrations in acid pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)forests in a climatic gradient in Sweden.Forest Ecology and Management,289:434-444.
Dai J,Becquer T,Rouiller JH,et al.2004.Influence of heavy metals on C and N mineralization and microbial biomass in Zn-,Pb-,Cu-,and Cd-contaminated soils.Applied Soil Ecology,25:99-109.
Denaix L,Thomas-Chery A,Balet J,et al.2011.Effects of municipal sewage sludge application on soil and purple moor-grass(Molinia caerulea)contamination by metals in a maritime pine forest.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,219:239-249.
Dong B,Liu XG,Dai LL,et al.2013.Changes of heavy metal speciation during high-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.Bioresource Technology,131:152-158.
He ZL,Yang XE,Stoffella PJ.2005.Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment.Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,19:125-140.
Hogg D,Barth J,Favoino E,et al.2002.Comparison of compost standards within the EU,North America and Australasia.Banbury:Waste and Resources Action Programme(WRAP).
McGrath SP,Zhao FJ,Dunham SJ,et al.2000.Long-term changes in the extractability and bioavailability of zinc and cadmium after sludge application.Journal of Environmental Quality,29:875-883.
Rauret G,Lopez-Sanchez JF,Sahuquillo A,et al.1999.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials.Environmental Monitoring,1:57-61.
Shuman LM,Dudka S,Das K.2002.Cadmium forms and plant availability in compost-amended soil.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,33:737-748.
Smith SR.2009.A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge.Environment International,35:142-156.
Soumare M,Tack FMG,Verloo MG.2003.Characterisation of Malian and Belgian solid waste composts with respect to fertility and suitability for land application.Waste Management,23:517-522.
Su DC,Wong JWC.2003.Chemical speciation and phytoavailability of Zn,Cu,Ni and Cd in soil amended with fly ashstabilized sewage sludge.Environment International,29:895-900.
Tessier A,Campbell PGC,Bisson M.1979.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals.Analytical Chemistry,51:844-851.
Tyler G.1976.Heavy metal pollution,phosphatase activity,and mineralization of organic phosphorus in forest soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,8:327-332.
Tyler G.1978.Leaching rates of heavy metal ions in forest soil.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,9:137-148.
Van Leeuwen HP,Town RM,Buffle J,et al.2005.Dynamic speciation analysis and bioavailability of metals in aquatic systems.Environmental Science and Technology,39:8545-8556.
Zheljazkov VD,Warman PR.2004.Source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to Swiss chard and basil.Journal of Environmental Quality,33:542-552.
崔潇潇,高原,吕贻忠.2010.北京市大兴区土壤肥力的空间变异.农业工程学报,26(9):327-333.
董士伟,李红,孙丹峰,等.2015.北京市大兴区土壤养分空间结构及影响因素分析.水土保持研究,22(2):32-35.
高洁,周永刚,张琪,等.2013.污泥耐受性草本植物的筛选及其对重金属Cu、Zn的富集.环境工程学报,7(1):351-359.
胡克林,张凤荣,吕贻忠,等.2004.北京市大兴区土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征.环境科学学报,24(3):463-468.
李涛,蒲韵婷,王全华,等.2008.Mn、Cu和Zn在植物生长发育中的生理作用.河北农业科学,12(6):12-15.
刘强,陈玲,邱家洲,等.2010.污泥堆肥对园林植物生长及重金属积累的影响.同济大学学报:自然科学版,38(6):870-875.
司莉青,陈立民,郑景明,等.2016.城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥的混合施用对高羊茅萌发与生长的影响.生态学杂志,35(10):2643-2650.
王婧,莫其锋,储双双,等.2018.污泥堆肥对园林植物合果芋(Syngonium podophyllum)生长及重金属吸收累积的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1752-1758.
王淑影,林逢凯,王寒可,等.2015.基质施入污泥对马尼拉草和波斯菊生长的影响.环境工程学报,9(1):374-380.
Almas AR,McBride MB,Singh BR.2000.Solubility and lability of cadmium and zinc in two soils treated with organic matter.Soil Science,165:250-259.
Baldwin KR,Shelton JE.1999.Availability of heavy metals in compost-amended soil.Bioresource Technology,69:1-14.
Bradl HB.2004.Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents.Colloid and Interface Science,277:1-18.
Bramryd T.2013.Long term effects of sewage sludge application on the heavy metal concentrations in acid pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)forests in a climatic gradient in Sweden.Forest Ecology and Management,289:434-444.
Dai J,Becquer T,Rouiller JH,et al.2004.Influence of heavy metals on C and N mineralization and microbial biomass in Zn-,Pb-,Cu-,and Cd-contaminated soils.Applied Soil Ecology,25:99-109.
Denaix L,Thomas-Chery A,Balet J,et al.2011.Effects of municipal sewage sludge application on soil and purple moor-grass(Molinia caerulea)contamination by metals in a maritime pine forest.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,219:239-249.
Dong B,Liu XG,Dai LL,et al.2013.Changes of heavy metal speciation during high-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.Bioresource Technology,131:152-158.
He ZL,Yang XE,Stoffella PJ.2005.Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment.Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,19:125-140.
Hogg D,Barth J,Favoino E,et al.2002.Comparison of compost standards within the EU,North America and Australasia.Banbury:Waste and Resources Action Programme(WRAP).
McGrath SP,Zhao FJ,Dunham SJ,et al.2000.Long-term changes in the extractability and bioavailability of zinc and cadmium after sludge application.Journal of Environmental Quality,29:875-883.
Rauret G,Lopez-Sanchez JF,Sahuquillo A,et al.1999.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials.Environmental Monitoring,1:57-61.
Shuman LM,Dudka S,Das K.2002.Cadmium forms and plant availability in compost-amended soil.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,33:737-748.
Smith SR.2009.A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge.Environment International,35:142-156.
Soumare M,Tack FMG,Verloo MG.2003.Characterisation of Malian and Belgian solid waste composts with respect to fertility and suitability for land application.Waste Management,23:517-522.
Su DC,Wong JWC.2003.Chemical speciation and phytoavailability of Zn,Cu,Ni and Cd in soil amended with fly ashstabilized sewage sludge.Environment International,29:895-900.
Tessier A,Campbell PGC,Bisson M.1979.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals.Analytical Chemistry,51:844-851.
Tyler G.1976.Heavy metal pollution,phosphatase activity,and mineralization of organic phosphorus in forest soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,8:327-332.
Tyler G.1978.Leaching rates of heavy metal ions in forest soil.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,9:137-148.
Van Leeuwen HP,Town RM,Buffle J,et al.2005.Dynamic speciation analysis and bioavailability of metals in aquatic systems.Environmental Science and Technology,39:8545-8556.
Zheljazkov VD,Warman PR.2004.Source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to Swiss chard and basil.Journal of Environmental Quality,33:542-552.