贵州喀斯特区C_4植物物种组成与水分生态型划分
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摘要
该研究通过查阅文献、核对贵州大学林学院标本库及现场群落调查与标本采集,并运用碳同位素比值法研究典型C_4植物水分利用特性,探索C_4植物在喀斯特植被恢复中的地位,进而揭示贵州喀斯特地区C_4植物资源的基本特征。结果表明:贵州喀斯特区共有C_4植物141种,隶属于74属15科,分别占全国科属种的62.50%、46.25%、24.48%,以禾本科(Gramineae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)为主;区内C_4植物种均为一年生或多年生草本,多年生植物种略多于一年生植物种;水分生态型整体偏旱生,旱生和中生植物分别占总数的24.82%和31.21%;喀斯特区C_4植物具有高水分利用效率,但不同水分生态型间差异不显著;贵州喀斯特区C_4植物资源具有资源丰富、利用途径广泛、能长期利用、竞争力强、能大面积分布、偏旱生且水分利用幅度广的基本特征,适合喀斯特区生境,自然状态下多为恢复早期物种,有利于喀斯特区生态恢复。在贵州喀斯特恶劣生态环境下C_4植物有较好的生态适应性,并表现出较高的药用、食用、饲用、景观应用等价值,对其开发利用对贵州经济、社会发展及生态恢复有重要意义。
The status of C_4 plants in vegetation restoration of the karst region was explored,and the essential characteristics of C_4 plant resources in Guizhou karst region were revealed,by consulting literatures,checking the specimen library of Forestry College of Guizhou University,investigating on-site community and collecting specimens,as well as based on carbon isotope ratio method to study the water utilization characteristics of typical C_4 plants. The results showed that 141 species of C_4 plants belonging to 74 genera and 15 families were found in the Guizhou karst region,which accounted for62.05%,46.25% and 24.48% of the countrywide families,genera and species respectively,and they were composed mainly of Gramineae and Cyperaceae; The species of C_4 plants in the area were either annual plants or perennial plants,and the species number of perennial plant were slightly more than the annual plant; The overall water ecotype was dry,and the siccocolous and the mesad accounted for 84.82% and 31.21% of the total amount; C_4 plants in karst region had high water use efficiency,while there was no significant difference among different water ecotypes; The C_4 plant resources in Guizhou karst region had the essential characteristics of abundant resources,wide application,long-term utilization,strong competitiveness,large-area distribution,drought-producing and wide water use. Karst region provides a suitable habitat for C_4 plants. Under natural conditions,most of them are restoring early species,which is conducive to ecological restoration in karst region. C_4 plants have good ecological adaptability under the harsh ecological environment of Guizhou karst region,and present relatively high value for medicinal,edible,feeding,landscape and other purposes. The exploitation of C_4 plants is of great significance for the ecological restoration in Guizhou and the economic and social development of Guizhou area.
The status of C_4 plants in vegetation restoration of the karst region was explored,and the essential characteristics of C_4 plant resources in Guizhou karst region were revealed,by consulting literatures,checking the specimen library of Forestry College of Guizhou University,investigating on-site community and collecting specimens,as well as based on carbon isotope ratio method to study the water utilization characteristics of typical C_4 plants. The results showed that 141 species of C_4 plants belonging to 74 genera and 15 families were found in the Guizhou karst region,which accounted for62.05%,46.25% and 24.48% of the countrywide families,genera and species respectively,and they were composed mainly of Gramineae and Cyperaceae; The species of C_4 plants in the area were either annual plants or perennial plants,and the species number of perennial plant were slightly more than the annual plant; The overall water ecotype was dry,and the siccocolous and the mesad accounted for 84.82% and 31.21% of the total amount; C_4 plants in karst region had high water use efficiency,while there was no significant difference among different water ecotypes; The C_4 plant resources in Guizhou karst region had the essential characteristics of abundant resources,wide application,long-term utilization,strong competitiveness,large-area distribution,drought-producing and wide water use. Karst region provides a suitable habitat for C_4 plants. Under natural conditions,most of them are restoring early species,which is conducive to ecological restoration in karst region. C_4 plants have good ecological adaptability under the harsh ecological environment of Guizhou karst region,and present relatively high value for medicinal,edible,feeding,landscape and other purposes. The exploitation of C_4 plants is of great significance for the ecological restoration in Guizhou and the economic and social development of Guizhou area.
引文
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DOWNTON WJS,1975.The occurrence of C4photosynthesis among plants[J].Photosynthetica,9(1):96-105.
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FENG Y,DUAN SM,MOU SY,et al.,2012.Geographic distribution and ecology of C4plants in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geogr,35(1):145-153.[冯缨,段士民,牟书勇,等,2012.新疆荒漠地区C4植物的生态分布与区系分析[J].干旱区地理,35(1):145-153.]
Gui Zhou Flora Editorial Board,1982-1989.Flora of Guizhou(Vol.1-9)[M].Guiyang:Guizhou People's Publishing House.[贵州植物志编委会,1982-1989.贵州植物志(第1-9卷)[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社.]
HAN M,YANG LM,ZHANG YG,et al.,2006.The biomass of C3and C4plant function groups in Leymus chinensis communities and theirs response to environmental change along Northeast China transect[J].Acta Ecol Sin,26(6):1825-1832.[韩梅,杨利民,张永刚,等,2006.中国东北样带羊草群落C3和C4植物功能群生物量及其对环境变化的响应[J].生态学报,26(6):1825-1832.]
HE MZ,ZHANG ZS,LI XJ,et al.,2010.Environmental effects on distribution and composition of desert vegetations in Alxa Plateau:Ⅱ.Correlation between C4plants distribution and environmental factors[J].J Des Res,30(1):57-62.[何明珠,张志山,李小军,等,2010.阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释:Ⅱ.C4植物组成、分布特征与环境的关系[J].中国沙漠,30(1):57-62.]
HE YJ,2012.AM fungi decompose litter and transport nutrients to their host plants in Karst habitat[D].Chongqing:Southwest University:1-103.[何跃军,2012.喀斯特生境中AMF分解枯落物并向宿主植物传递养分[D].重庆:西南大学:1-103.]
HUANG ZS,YU LF,FU YH,et al.,2015.Characteristics ofδ13C value of soil organic carbon under naturally restoring degenerative Karst forest[J].Acta Pedol Sin,52(2):345-354.[黄宗胜,喻理飞,符裕红,等,2015.退化喀斯特森林植被自然恢复中土壤有机碳δ13C值特征[J].土壤学报,52(2):345-354.]
LI MC,YI XF,ZHANG XA,et al.,2005.The list of C4plants in alpine locality of Qinghai plateau[J].Acta Bot BorealOccident Sin,25(5):1046-1050.[李明财,易现峰,张晓爱,等,2005.青海高原高寒地区C4植物名录[J].西北植物学报,25(5):1046-1050.]
LI MR,1993.C4photosynthesis plant directory[J].Plant Physiol Comm,29(2):148-159.[李美荣,1993.C4光合作用植物名录[J].植物生理学通讯,29(2):148-159.]
LIU F,WANG SJ,LUO HB,et al.,2006.Vegetation succession with Karst rocky desertification and its impact on water chemistry of runoff[J].Acta Pedol Sin,43(1):26-32.[刘方,王世杰,罗海波,等,2006.喀斯特石漠化过程中植被演替及其对径流水化学的影响[J].土壤学报,43(1):26-32.]
LIU XQ,WANG RZ,2006.Analysis of C4plant in term of habits and morphological functional types in agropastoral ecotone North to the Beijing,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,26(5):1509-1515.[刘晓强,王仁忠,2006.北京北部农牧交错区C4植物及其形态功能型和生境分析[J].生态学报,26(5):1509-1515.]
LUO Y,DENG LX,YANG CH,2015.Guizhou vascular plant catalogue[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House:1-2.[罗扬,邓伦秀,杨成华,2015.贵州维管束植物编目[M].北京:中国林业出版社:1-2.]
MA JY,CHEN T,QIANG WY,et al.,2005.Correlations between foliar stable carbon isotope composition and environmental factors in desert plant Reaumuria soongorica(Pall.)maxim[J].J Integr Plant Biol,47(9):1065-1073.
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