盐胁迫对黑果枸杞光合生理指标的影响
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摘要
为了研究黑果枸杞对盐渍环境的适应机制和耐盐机理,选用1年生黑果枸杞幼苗,在柴达木盆地东南缘的诺木洪农场进行盆栽盐胁迫对比试验。通过称重法控制盆内土壤含水量((17. 2±0. 3)%),各盆栽组逐次加入Na Cl溶液形成浓度为0、50、100、200和400 mmol/L土壤来模拟盐胁迫条件,测定各Na Cl浓度下黑果枸杞的生长指标和光合生理参数的变化趋势。结果表明:1)高浓度(100～400 mmol/L)盐胁迫会显著降低植株的株高增量、叶绿素含量和最大荧光产量(Fm),低盐浓度(0～50 mmol/L)时影响不显著; 2)盐浓度超过100 mmol/L时,植株的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)明显降低,当盐浓度为50 mmol/L时,这些指标均升高,其结果不显著; 3)当盐浓度为400 mmol/L时,植株的初始荧光产量(Fo)显著下降; 4)盐浓度为50～100mmol/L时,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低,当盐浓度超过200 mmol/L时,Ci显著上升。研究发现:在高盐胁迫作用下,黑果枸杞幼苗的叶绿素含量、光合生理指标均显著降低,最终导致植株生长受到抑制,此时非气孔限制和光化学活性失活是影响光合作用的主要因素;而在低浓度盐胁迫下,黑果枸杞生长生理指标变化不明显,表现出一定的耐盐性。
[Background]The Qaidam Basin is one of the most serious land salinization areas in China,especially secondary salinization,which not only has serious impacts on the survival of local residents and agricultural development,but also hinders the construction of ecological environment. Recently,the nutrients,trace elements,polysaccharides and pigments of Lycium ruthenicum have mainly been analyzed by scholars,but the ecological benefits have been less investigated,especially stress resistance. At present,the research area is mainly concentrated in Ningxia,there is very little research on the Qaidam area,especially secondary saline land. Therefore,it is importment to determine the resistance of L.ruthenicum and to explore its salt tolerance mechanism,which is essential to improve the ecological security and economic benefits of the Qaidam Basin. [Methods] 1-year-old L. ruthenicum seedlings were used for pot comparison test in Nuomuhong Farm on the southeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin. Salt stress environment was simulated using salt solution concentration gradients of 0,50,100,200 and 400 mmol/L,there were 3 repeats in each gradient,thus totally 15 pots. Through the weighing method,soil was controlled in the amount of water as 75% ± 0. 3% of the field water capacity. The growth trend,photosynthetic characteristics,and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the L. ruthenicum were measured by Meter ruler, Licor-6400, handy PEA chlorophyll fluorescence instrument, and spectrophotometer respectively under salt stress. Data were analyzed according to ANOVA by SPSS statistical software and the significant differences among means were identified by Duncan 's multiple range tests at a significance level of P < 0. 05,and all data were presented as mean ± SE. [Results]1)High concentrations( 100-400 mmol/L) of salt stress significantly decreased plant height increment,chlorophyll content,and maximum fluorescence yield( Fm). 2) The net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs),transpiration rate( Tr) and maximum photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm) of the plants significantly reduced when the salt concentration was > 100 mmol/L. These indicators were elevated but not so significant when the salt concentration was 50 mmol/L. 3) When the salt concentration was 400 mmol/L,the Fodecreased significantly. 4) Low concentration of salt stress( 50-100 mmol/L) decreased the Ci. When the salt concentration exceeded 200 mmol/L,Ciincreased significantly. [Conclusions] In a summary,the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic physiological indicators of L. ruthenicum seedlings significantly reduced under high salt stress,which ultimately led to the inhibition of plant growth. At this time,non-stomatal limitation and inactivation of photochemical activity were the main factors affecting photosynthesis. Under low concentration of salt stress,the physiological growth indicators of L. ruthenicum did not change significantly,exhibiting a certain degree of salt tolerance.
[Background]The Qaidam Basin is one of the most serious land salinization areas in China,especially secondary salinization,which not only has serious impacts on the survival of local residents and agricultural development,but also hinders the construction of ecological environment. Recently,the nutrients,trace elements,polysaccharides and pigments of Lycium ruthenicum have mainly been analyzed by scholars,but the ecological benefits have been less investigated,especially stress resistance. At present,the research area is mainly concentrated in Ningxia,there is very little research on the Qaidam area,especially secondary saline land. Therefore,it is importment to determine the resistance of L.ruthenicum and to explore its salt tolerance mechanism,which is essential to improve the ecological security and economic benefits of the Qaidam Basin. [Methods] 1-year-old L. ruthenicum seedlings were used for pot comparison test in Nuomuhong Farm on the southeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin. Salt stress environment was simulated using salt solution concentration gradients of 0,50,100,200 and 400 mmol/L,there were 3 repeats in each gradient,thus totally 15 pots. Through the weighing method,soil was controlled in the amount of water as 75% ± 0. 3% of the field water capacity. The growth trend,photosynthetic characteristics,and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the L. ruthenicum were measured by Meter ruler, Licor-6400, handy PEA chlorophyll fluorescence instrument, and spectrophotometer respectively under salt stress. Data were analyzed according to ANOVA by SPSS statistical software and the significant differences among means were identified by Duncan 's multiple range tests at a significance level of P < 0. 05,and all data were presented as mean ± SE. [Results]1)High concentrations( 100-400 mmol/L) of salt stress significantly decreased plant height increment,chlorophyll content,and maximum fluorescence yield( Fm). 2) The net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs),transpiration rate( Tr) and maximum photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm) of the plants significantly reduced when the salt concentration was > 100 mmol/L. These indicators were elevated but not so significant when the salt concentration was 50 mmol/L. 3) When the salt concentration was 400 mmol/L,the Fodecreased significantly. 4) Low concentration of salt stress( 50-100 mmol/L) decreased the Ci. When the salt concentration exceeded 200 mmol/L,Ciincreased significantly. [Conclusions] In a summary,the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic physiological indicators of L. ruthenicum seedlings significantly reduced under high salt stress,which ultimately led to the inhibition of plant growth. At this time,non-stomatal limitation and inactivation of photochemical activity were the main factors affecting photosynthesis. Under low concentration of salt stress,the physiological growth indicators of L. ruthenicum did not change significantly,exhibiting a certain degree of salt tolerance.
引文
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[2]王树凤,胡韵雪,孙海菁,等.盐胁迫对2种栎树苗期生长和根系生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):1021.WANG Shufeng,HU Yunxue,SUN Haijing,et al. Effectsof salt stress on seedling growth and root growth of twoelm trees[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):1021.
[3]周丹丹,刘德玺,李存华,等.盐胁迫对朴树和速生白榆幼苗光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(5):1004.ZHOU Dandan,LIU Dezhen,LI Cunhua,et al. Effects ofsalt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chloro-phyll fluorescence parameters of Pushu and fast-growingwhite pheasant seedlings[J]. Journal of Northwest Bo-tanical Sinica,2016,36(5):1004.
[4]王桔红,陈文.黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):804.WANG Juhong,CHEN Wen. Response of seed germina-tion and seedling growth of black fruit carp to salt stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(4):804.
[5]刘秋辰.六个类型黑果枸杞种子耐盐性以及枝条抗寒性的比较[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2017:14.LIU Qiuchen. Comparison of salt tolerance and cold re-sistance of six types of Lycium ruthenicum seeds[D].Shihezi,Xinjiang:Shihezi University,2017:14.
[6]米永伟,陈垣,郭霞,等.盐胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗对外源甜菜碱的生理响应[J].草业科学,2012,29(9):1417.MI Yongwei,CHEN Wei,GUO Xia,et al. Physiologicalresponses of Lycium ruthenicum seedlings to exogenousbetaine under salt stress[J]. Prataculural Science,2012,29(9):1417.
[7]赵晶忠.内陆河盐碱地黑果枸杞种子果实萌发生态适应性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017:19.ZHAO Jingzhong. Study on the adaptability of Lycium ru-thenicum seeds germination of Salicornia glabra L. in in-land rivers[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017:19.
[8]武燕.荒漠植物黑果枸杞盐碱适应性研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2017:16-19.WU Yan. Study on adaptability of desert plant Lycium ru-thenicum in salt and alkali[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Uni-versity of Technology,2017:16-19.
[9]姜霞,任红旭,马占青,等.黑果枸杞耐盐机理的相关研究[J].北方园艺,2012,(10):19.JIANG Xia,REN Hongxu,MA Zhanqing,et al. Researchon the salt tolerance mechanism of Lycium ruthenicum[J]. Northern Horticulture,2012(10):19.
[10]张华新,刘正祥,刘秋芳.盐胁迫下树种幼苗生长及其耐盐性[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2263.ZHANG Huaxin,LIU Zhengxiang,LIU Qiufang. Growthand salt tolerance of seedlings under salt stress[J]. Ac-ta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(5):2263.
[11]张志刚,尚庆茂.低温、弱光及盐胁迫下辣椒叶片的光合特性[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(1):123.ZHANG Zhigang,SHANG Qingmao. Photosyntheticcharacteristics of pepper leaves under low temperature,low light and salt stress[J]. Chinese Scientia Agricul-tura,2010,43(1):123.
[12]徐晨,凌风楼,徐克章,等.盐胁迫对不同水稻品种光合特性和生理生化特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2013,27(3):280.XU Chen,LING Fenglou,XU Kezhang,et al. Effects ofsalt stress on photosynthetic characteristics,physiologi-cal and biochemical characteristics of different rice culti-vars[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2013,27(3):280.
[13]朱小梅,洪立洲,刘兴华,等. Na Cl胁迫和采摘期对枸杞幼苗生物量及品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):222.ZHU Xiaomei,HONG Lizhou,LIU Xinghua,et al.Effects of Na Cl stress and harvesting on biomass andquality of alfalfa seedlings[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sci-ences,2016,44(9):222.
[14]黄俊哲,马宏宇,李永飞,等.西北地区黑果枸杞抗逆性研究进展[J].安徽农业学,2017,45(15):132.HUANG Junzhe,MA Hongyu,LI Yongfei,et al. Re-search progress on stress resistance of Lycium ruthenicumin Northwest China[J]. Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(15):132.
[15]毛桂莲,梁文裕,王盛,等.碱性盐胁迫对宁夏枸杞生长、结构及光合参数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):236.MAO Guilian,LIANG Wenyu,WANG Sheng,et al. Effectsof alkaline salt stress on growth,structure and photosynthet-ic parameters of Lycium ruthenicum[J]. Agricultural Re-search in the Arid Areas,2017,35(4):236.
[16]孙璐,周宇飞,李丰先,等.盐胁迫对高粱幼苗光合作用和荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3265.SUN Lu,ZHOU Yufei,LI Fengxian,et al. Effects of saltstress on photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristicsof sorghum seedlings[J]. China Agricultural Sciences,2012,45(16):3265.
[17]白健慧.燕麦对盐碱胁迫的生理响应机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016:26.BAI Jianhui. Study on the physiological response mecha-nism of oats to saline-alkali stress[D]. Hohhot:InnerMongolia Agricultural University,2016:26.
[18]李永洁,李进,徐萍,等.黑果枸杞幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):756.LI Yongjie,LI Jin,XU Ping,et al. Physiological respon-ses of Lycium ruthenicum Maxim. to drought stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):756.
[19]王龙强,蔺海明.黑果枸杞苗期耐盐机制研究[J].科技导报,2011,29(10):29.WANG Longqiang,LIN Haiming. Study on salt tolerancemechanism of black fruit seedlings[J]. Science&Technology Review,2011,29(10):29.
[20]慕德宇.白榆无性系耐盐性评价及耐盐机理研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016:48.MU Deyu. Evaluation of salt tolerance and salt tolerancemechanism of white clonal clones[D]. Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2016:48.
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