基于MIKE3的渤海三维温盐数值模拟
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摘要
基于有限体积法的MIKE3 Flow Model建立了渤海地区水动力和温盐数值计算模型,并考虑了渤海沿岸十六条主要河流径流输入、风、降水、蒸发、太阳辐射(短波辐射、长波辐射、感热、潜热)等因素的影响。输出2010年数据作为结果,水动力和温盐模拟结果验证良好。经分析得到如下结论:模拟得到的2010年渤海温盐全年变化均呈一峰一谷形式。渤海冬季最高温度出现在渤海海峡附近海域,温度约4.5℃;渤海夏季平均海表温度26.34℃,较1970～1996年渤海海区夏季的平均温度区间22.5～26.5℃明显偏高;夏季温跃层集中在5m-15m深度范围内,渤海海峡处跃层深度超过了20m;模拟得到的冬季莱州湾盐度在27.8～30.4PSU的范围,夏季25～29.5PSU;莱州湾和辽东湾在夏季出现低盐区,辽东湾顶的低盐区面积约1364km~2,黄河口处的低盐区面积约448km~2,小清河口附近的低盐区面积约1029km~2;渤海大部分海域夏季盐度分层并不像温跃层那样明显。
Based on the finite-volume MIKE3 Flow Model, a hydrodynamic and temperature-salinity numerical model was established in the Bohai Sea. set of factors were taken into consideration: 16 main rivers' runoff input, wind, precipitation, evaporation and solar radiation(shortwave radiation, long wave radiation, sensible heat, latent heat). Exported data in 2010 was used as the result data. Both hydrodynamic and temperature-salinity simulation results were tested well. ccording to the analysis of the results in 2010, the full year changes of temperature and salinity in Bohai present a peak-valley pattern. In winter, the highest temperature in Bohai appears in the Bohai Strait, which is about 4.5℃. Compared with the average summer temperature 22.5-26.5 during 1970 to 1996, the simulated average sea surface temperature in summer is higher about 26.34℃. Thermoclines in summer concentrate between 5 m-15 m depth, while it is deeper than 20 m in the Bohai Straits. Winter salinity in Laizhou Bay obtained from the simulation is in the range of 27.8 PSU-30.4 PSU, while 25 PSU-29.5 PSU in summer. There are low salinity zones in the Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay in summer, about 1364 square kilometers at the north Liaodong Bay, about 448 square kilometers at the Yellow Sea Estuary and about 1029 square kilometers near the Xiaoqinghe River estuary. Halocline in summer is not as obvious as the thermocline.
Based on the finite-volume MIKE3 Flow Model, a hydrodynamic and temperature-salinity numerical model was established in the Bohai Sea. set of factors were taken into consideration: 16 main rivers' runoff input, wind, precipitation, evaporation and solar radiation(shortwave radiation, long wave radiation, sensible heat, latent heat). Exported data in 2010 was used as the result data. Both hydrodynamic and temperature-salinity simulation results were tested well. ccording to the analysis of the results in 2010, the full year changes of temperature and salinity in Bohai present a peak-valley pattern. In winter, the highest temperature in Bohai appears in the Bohai Strait, which is about 4.5℃. Compared with the average summer temperature 22.5-26.5 during 1970 to 1996, the simulated average sea surface temperature in summer is higher about 26.34℃. Thermoclines in summer concentrate between 5 m-15 m depth, while it is deeper than 20 m in the Bohai Straits. Winter salinity in Laizhou Bay obtained from the simulation is in the range of 27.8 PSU-30.4 PSU, while 25 PSU-29.5 PSU in summer. There are low salinity zones in the Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay in summer, about 1364 square kilometers at the north Liaodong Bay, about 448 square kilometers at the Yellow Sea Estuary and about 1029 square kilometers near the Xiaoqinghe River estuary. Halocline in summer is not as obvious as the thermocline.
引文
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[29] 黄河水资源公报2010 [R].郑州:水利部黄河水利委员会.2011.
[30] Lin C,Su J,Xu B,et al.Long-term variations of temperature and salinity of the Bohai Sea and their influence on its ecosystem[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001,49(1):7-19.
[31] 方国洪,王凯,郭丰义,等.近30年渤海水文和气象状况的长期变化及其相互关系[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):515-523.
[32] Manda A,Matsuoka K.Changes in tidal currents in the ariake sound due to reclamation[J].Estuaries & Coasts,2006,29(4):645-652.
[33] 袁本坤,黄蕊,焦艳,等.基于浮标观测数据的渤海表层温盐特征分析[J].海洋预报,2015,32(4):44-50.
[34] 黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等.基于MIKE3模型的珠江口水体交换研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(8):134-140.
[35] Waldman S,Bastón S,Nemalidinne R,et al.Implementation of tidal turbines in MIKE 3 and Delft3D models of Pentland Firth & Orkney Waters[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2017.
[36] 万修全.渤海冬夏季环流特征及变异的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.
[2] 吴德星,万修全,鲍献文,等.渤海1958年和2000年夏季温盐场及环流结构的比较[J].科学通报,2004,49(3):287-292.
[3] 鲍献文,苏洁,郭心顺,等.黄、渤海热结构及环流季节变化的数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2004,34(4):513-522.
[4] 毛新燕.渤海盐度的拉格朗日潮际输运数值研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[5] 刘哲,魏皓,蒋松年.渤海多年月平均温盐场的季节变化特征及形成机制的初步分析[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):7-14.
[6] 黄河水资源公报 [R].郑州:水利部黄河水利委员会.2004-2013.
[7] 马腾,刘文洪,宋策,等.基于MIKE3的水库水温结构模拟研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(2):68-71.
[8] 海洋图集编委会.渤海、黄海、东海海洋图集-水文分册[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992:242-426.
[9] 黄河泥沙公报 [R].郑州:水利部黄河水利委员会.2009-2011.
[10] 中华人民共和国水利部.中国河流泥沙公报 [M].中国水利水电出版社,2009-2011.
[11] 肖纯超.黄河入海水质状况年内变化及河口羽流面积变化趋势研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[12] 张丽红.海河水体富营养化现状分析及对策[J].天津科技,2007,34(5).
[13] 安立强.辽河流域水力与水质数值分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[14] 马绍赛,辛福言,崔毅,等.黄河和小清河主要污染物入海量的估算[J].渔业科学进展,2004,25(5):47-51.
[15] 迟宝明,兰双双,谷洪彪,等.防治海水入侵的地下水人工调蓄研究——以辽宁六股河地段为例[J].防灾科技学院学报,2008,10(1):5-8.
[16] 王焕松.辽东湾海岸带生态环境压力评价与效应研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2010.
[17] 松辽流域水资源公报 [R].郑州:水利部松辽水利委员会.2008-2010.
[18] 海河流域水资源公报 [R].郑州:水利部海河水利委员会.2008-2010.
[19] 张龙军,夏斌,桂祖胜,等.2005年夏季环渤海16条主要入海河流的污染状况[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2409-2415.
[20] 张松,于非,刁新源,等.渤、黄、东海海表面温度年际变化特征分析[J].海洋科学,2009,33(8):76-81.
[21] Guo B,Xia Z.An analytical model of upwelling induced by tidal current past a peninsula [J].Elsevier Oceanography,1984,39:123-142.
[22] 郑鹏,陈学恩.渤海夏季三维温度场的数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(11):9-16.
[23] 宋文鹏.渤海冬、夏季温盐场结构及其海流特征分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[24] 林霄沛,吴德星,鲍献文,等.渤海海峡断面温度结构及流量的季节变化[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2002,32(3):355-360.
[25] 2011年中国海洋环境状况公报.[R].北京:国家海洋局.2012.
[26] 吴德星,牟林,李强,等.渤海盐度长期变化特征及可能的主导因素[J].自然科学进展,2004,14(2):191-195.
[27] Mao X,Jiang W,Zhao P,et al.A 3-D numerical study of salinity variations in the Bohai Sea during the recent years[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008,28(28):2689-2699.
[28] 黄河水资源公报2000 [R].郑州:水利部黄河水利委员会.2001.
[29] 黄河水资源公报2010 [R].郑州:水利部黄河水利委员会.2011.
[30] Lin C,Su J,Xu B,et al.Long-term variations of temperature and salinity of the Bohai Sea and their influence on its ecosystem[J].Progress in Oceanography,2001,49(1):7-19.
[31] 方国洪,王凯,郭丰义,等.近30年渤海水文和气象状况的长期变化及其相互关系[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):515-523.
[32] Manda A,Matsuoka K.Changes in tidal currents in the ariake sound due to reclamation[J].Estuaries & Coasts,2006,29(4):645-652.
[33] 袁本坤,黄蕊,焦艳,等.基于浮标观测数据的渤海表层温盐特征分析[J].海洋预报,2015,32(4):44-50.
[34] 黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等.基于MIKE3模型的珠江口水体交换研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(8):134-140.
[35] Waldman S,Bastón S,Nemalidinne R,et al.Implementation of tidal turbines in MIKE 3 and Delft3D models of Pentland Firth & Orkney Waters[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2017.
[36] 万修全.渤海冬夏季环流特征及变异的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.
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