桃江河沉积物中重金属污染特征及风险评价
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摘要
以赣江上游桃江河沉积物为研究对象,通过采集45个平水期表层沉积物样品,分析Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和W 7种元素含量,查明沉积物中重金属污染特征,结合主成分分析和相关性分析方法探讨表层沉积物中重金属的来源,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物中重金属进行了评价.结果表明,桃江河沉积物中Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和W的平均含量均超过赣州市土壤环境背景值;主成分提取的两个主成分的累积贡献率为58.22%,结合Pearson相关性分析结果,表明Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、W主要来源于矿业活动和城市生活排放等人为活动的影响,Cr主要来源于自然源的影响;地累积指数法评价结果表明,桃江河沉积物Cd为主要污染元素,表现为偏重污染程度,Cu呈偏中污染程度,Zn、As和W这3种元素则表现为轻度污染程度,而Cr和Pb则无污染;潜在生态指数评价结果表明,Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、W均属于低生态风险等级;Cd为严重生态风险等级.潜在生态风险指数(RI)为53.60～7379.35,其中低级、中度、重度生态风险的样点分别占13.33%、17.78%、17.78%,而严重生态风险的样点占51.11%,中度生态风险及以上的点位占据85%以上,可见桃江河沉积物中重金属存在极为严重生态风险.
In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of heavy metal in sediments of Taojiang River, the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and W from 45 samples of surface sediment were detected during the normal water period. The principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze the sources of heavy metals in surface sediments, and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals were evaluated by the methods of land accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results show that the average concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and W in the sediments of Taojiang River exceeded the background value of soil environmental in Ganzhou City. Combining with Pearson correlation, the cumulative contribution rate of the two principal components extracted by PCA was 58.22%, and Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and W were mainly derived from the mining activities and municipal emissions while Cr was mainly derived from the natural sources. The evaluation of the ground accumulation index method suggests that Cd was the main pollution factor for Taojiang River Sediment, which was characterized as heavy pollution; Cu presented moderate pollution; Zn, As and W presented mild pollution, while Cr and Pb presented non-polluting. The potential ecological index of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and W were both in low ecological risk grades, but Cd was in a serious ecological risk grade. The potential ecological risk index(RI) is ranged from 53.60 to 7379.35, and 51.11% of the sampling sites were in serious ecological risk while 85% of the sampling sites were in moderate ecological risk. It is proposed that heavy metals in the sediments of the Taojiang River have presented extremely serious ecological risks.
In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of heavy metal in sediments of Taojiang River, the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and W from 45 samples of surface sediment were detected during the normal water period. The principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze the sources of heavy metals in surface sediments, and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals were evaluated by the methods of land accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results show that the average concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and W in the sediments of Taojiang River exceeded the background value of soil environmental in Ganzhou City. Combining with Pearson correlation, the cumulative contribution rate of the two principal components extracted by PCA was 58.22%, and Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and W were mainly derived from the mining activities and municipal emissions while Cr was mainly derived from the natural sources. The evaluation of the ground accumulation index method suggests that Cd was the main pollution factor for Taojiang River Sediment, which was characterized as heavy pollution; Cu presented moderate pollution; Zn, As and W presented mild pollution, while Cr and Pb presented non-polluting. The potential ecological index of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and W were both in low ecological risk grades, but Cd was in a serious ecological risk grade. The potential ecological risk index(RI) is ranged from 53.60 to 7379.35, and 51.11% of the sampling sites were in serious ecological risk while 85% of the sampling sites were in moderate ecological risk. It is proposed that heavy metals in the sediments of the Taojiang River have presented extremely serious ecological risks.
引文
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Wilding L.1985.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation,and implication to soil surveys[A].In:NielsenD R,Bouma J (Eds.).Soil Spatial Variability[M].Pudoc:Wageningen.166-194
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Zoumis T,Schmidt A,Grigorova L,et al.2001.Contaminants in sediments:remobilisation and demobilisation[J].Science of the Total Environment,266(13):195-202
边博,周燕,张琴.2017.太湖西岸河网沉积物中重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].环境科学,38(4):1442-1450
Babula P,Adam V,Opatrilova R,et al.2009.Uncommon heavy metals,metalloids and their plant toxicity:a review[M]//Organic Farming,Pest Control and Remediation of Soil Pollutants.Springer,Dordrecht,275-317
Clausen J L,Korte N.2009.Environmental fate of tungsten from military use[J].Science of the Total Environment,407(8):2887-2893
陈明,蔡青云,徐慧,等.2015.水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展[J].生态环境学报,24(6):1069-1074
方志青,陈秋禹,尹德良,等.2018.三峡库区支流河口沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].环境科学,39(6):1-10
黄莹,李永霞,高甫威,等.2015.小清河表层沉积物重污染区重金属赋存形态及风险评价[J].环境科学,36 (6):2046-2053
胡兰文,陈明,杨泉,等.2017.底泥重金属污染现状及修复技术进展[J].环境工程,35(12):115-118+123
何纪力,徐光炎.2006.江西省土壤环境背景值研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.09
Hakanson L.1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach [J].Water Research,14(8):975-1001
蒋委红.2013.赣南脐橙园土壤重金属形态分析与污染评价[D].赣州:赣南师范学院
李莹杰,张列宇,吴易雯,等.2016.江苏省浅水湖泊表层沉积物重金属GIS 空间分布及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,37(4):1321-1329
刘丹,赵永红,周丹,等.2017.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价[J].环境化学,36(7):1556-1567
Müller G.1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River [J].Geojournal,2(3):108-118
宁增平,肖青相,蓝小龙,等.2017.都柳江水系沉积物锑等重金属空间分布特征及生态风险[J].环境科学,38(7):2784-2792
O′connor G.2009.Evaluation of analytical methods to address tungsten speciation[J].Global Nest Journal,11(3):308-317
Osterburg A R,Robinson C T,Schwemberger S,et al.2010.Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) exposure increases apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes[J].Journal of Immunotoxicology,7(3):174-182
Rubin C S,Holmes A K,Belson M G,et al.2007.Investigating childhood leukemia in Churchill County,Nevada[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,115(1):151-157
Sun W,Xiao E,Dong Y,et al.2016.Profiling microbial community in a watershed heavily contaminated by an active antimony (Sb) mine in Southwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,550:297-308
吴运连.2012.赣州市重金属污染防治现状及对策分析[J].江西化工,(4):131-133
Wilding L.1985.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation,and implication to soil surveys[A].In:NielsenD R,Bouma J (Eds.).Soil Spatial Variability[M].Pudoc:Wageningen.166-194
杨涛.2016.赣南钨矿区农田土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价[D].赣州:江西理工大学
Zoumis T,Schmidt A,Grigorova L,et al.2001.Contaminants in sediments:remobilisation and demobilisation[J].Science of the Total Environment,266(13):195-202