运城市苹果园碱性土壤精准配肥改良研究
|
摘要
为降低运城苹果园土壤碱性并促使主要土壤养分指标达标,2018年3—10月进行了室内模拟降碱及田间验证效果试验.结果表明:①灌溉水pH由8.01降为7.00需加入其重量1‰的TG(重过磷酸钙)或0.4‰的TK(磷酸二氢钾).②在自然生草果园分别株施TG 3876 g、TK 1291 g 30～180 d可使土壤pH由8.41显著降至7.38及7.54,最低分别降至7.30及7.42.③室内理论降碱与田间实际降碱效果存在差异,实际TG、TK 6次pH均值分别比预期值7.00高0.38、0.54个pH单位.④精准降碱提肥配方T3(自然生草+TG 3876 g+硝酸铵磷217 g+EM菌有机肥6460 g)处理第180 d使土壤pH由8.41降至7.20,碱解氮及有机质含量达标准果园指标,全氮、速效钾、有效磷高于标准肥力指标.结论:运城土壤降碱肥料用重钙比磷酸二氢钾更有效、更对症、更经济;T3处理能促进运城果园土壤酸碱度及主要肥力达标.
In order to reduce the alkalinity of soil in Yuncheng apple orchard and make the main soil nutrient index to reach the standard,indoor simulation of alkali-lowering and field verification experiments were conducted between March and October in 2018. The results showed as follows. ①The method of reducing the pH of irrigation water from 8.01 to 7.00 was intended to add TG(heavy superphosphate in the paper)or TK(monopotassium salt)for 1‰ and 0.4‰ of each weight. ②The soil pH could be significantly reduced from 8.41 to 7.38 and 7.54,even7.30 and 7.42 during the 30 th-180 th day by applying TG 3876 g and TK 1291 g respectively in natural grass orchards. ③The difference between the indoor theoretical alkali reducting effect and that of field was clarified,the mean pH of 6 times results of TG was 0.38 pH unit higher than the expected value of 7.00 and TK was 0.54 pH unit higher than that. ④On the 180 th day,the pH of soil of treatment T3(natural grass + TG 3876 g + Ammonnium phosphor nitrate 217 g + EM organi fertilizer 6460 g)was reduced from 8.41 to 7.20,the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter reached the index of standard orchard,the total nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus were higher than the standard fertility index. In conclusion,heavy superphosphate was more effective,symptomatic and economical than monopotassium salt in reducing the soil sodicity of orchard in Yuncheng,and the treatment T3 could promote the soil pH and main fertility of Yuncheng orchard to the standard.
In order to reduce the alkalinity of soil in Yuncheng apple orchard and make the main soil nutrient index to reach the standard,indoor simulation of alkali-lowering and field verification experiments were conducted between March and October in 2018. The results showed as follows. ①The method of reducing the pH of irrigation water from 8.01 to 7.00 was intended to add TG(heavy superphosphate in the paper)or TK(monopotassium salt)for 1‰ and 0.4‰ of each weight. ②The soil pH could be significantly reduced from 8.41 to 7.38 and 7.54,even7.30 and 7.42 during the 30 th-180 th day by applying TG 3876 g and TK 1291 g respectively in natural grass orchards. ③The difference between the indoor theoretical alkali reducting effect and that of field was clarified,the mean pH of 6 times results of TG was 0.38 pH unit higher than the expected value of 7.00 and TK was 0.54 pH unit higher than that. ④On the 180 th day,the pH of soil of treatment T3(natural grass + TG 3876 g + Ammonnium phosphor nitrate 217 g + EM organi fertilizer 6460 g)was reduced from 8.41 to 7.20,the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter reached the index of standard orchard,the total nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus were higher than the standard fertility index. In conclusion,heavy superphosphate was more effective,symptomatic and economical than monopotassium salt in reducing the soil sodicity of orchard in Yuncheng,and the treatment T3 could promote the soil pH and main fertility of Yuncheng orchard to the standard.
引文
[1]林智,吴洵,俞永明.土壤pH值对茶树生长及矿质元素吸收的影响[J].茶叶科学,1990(2):27-32.
[2]冷旭勇,张宗元,刘丰武,等.泰莱盆地土壤有机质含量及pH值对微量元素有效性的影响分析[J].山东国土资源,2015(4):46-49.
[3]安永龙,黄勇,刘清俊,等.苹果产地土壤环境与地质背景研究[J].城市地质,2016(3):36-43.
[4]介明.土壤盐碱地的危害与改良研究[J].绿色科技,2016(7):122-122.
[5]田稼,孙超,杨明琰,等.黄土高原不同树龄苹果园土壤微生物、养分及pH的相关性[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(7):138-141.
[6]张强,魏钦平,齐鸿雁,等.北京果园土壤养分和pH与微生物数量的相关分析及优化方案[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):15-19.
[7]王彦伟.石灰性土壤上酸性肥料对小麦的增产效应[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017:1-42.
[8]仝月澳.果树营养诊断的初步探索[J].中国果树,1980(1):1-6.
[9]韩振海,王忆,张新忠,等.苹果砧木新品种中砧1号[J].农业生物技术学报,2013(7):879-882.
[10]王衍安,范伟国,李玲,等.落叶前根外喷锌防治苹果小叶病研究[J].果树学报,2001(4):246-247.
[11]孙玉菲.城市园林树木栽植土壤改良技术[J].河北农业,2018(8):41.
[12]党艳青,焦灰敏,王新建.阿拉尔苹果园缺铁失绿诊断及矫治[J].北方园艺,2018(9):81-85.
[13]陈治金.山西碱性土壤改良项目签字并顺利实施[J].今日山西,2000(4):21-22.
[14]卢星辰,张济世,苗琪,等.不同改良物料及其配施组合对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土的改良效果[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):326-332.
[15]赵敏,罗开源,李性苑.硫磺粉对土壤pH及蓝莓幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(3):58-61.
[16]王海云,姜远茂,彭福田,等.胶东苹果园土壤有效养分状况及与产量关系研究[J].山东农业大学学报,2008,39(1):31-38.
[17]胡海燕,茹振钢,李淦.小麦幼苗根系pH对酸、碱逆境的应答[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(1):33-37.
[18]胡延涛,高健.井水灌溉条件下沿黄盐碱地水稻种植不同生育期土壤盐度动态变化[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2018(10):57-62.
[19]黄显淦.苹果园覆盖绿肥自传种栽培效果研究[J].中国果树,1989(3):46-49.
[20]王大平.苹果园种植覆盖作物的生态效应[J].重庆文理学院学报(社会科学版),1999(2):19-20.
[21]党娜娜.行间生草对灵武长枣园区土壤特性与果实品质的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017:1-46.
[22]张兴兴.种植不同牧草对桃园生态环境的影响研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011:1-68.
[23]赵帅翔,张卫峰,姜远茂,等.黄土高原苹果过量施氮因素分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017(2):484-491.
[24]王兰天.含氨基酸水溶肥料在玉米和白菜上的应用效果研究[J].河南科学,2013,31(7):972-974.
[25]孙薇,钱勋,付青霞,等.生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013(5):1224-1233.
[2]冷旭勇,张宗元,刘丰武,等.泰莱盆地土壤有机质含量及pH值对微量元素有效性的影响分析[J].山东国土资源,2015(4):46-49.
[3]安永龙,黄勇,刘清俊,等.苹果产地土壤环境与地质背景研究[J].城市地质,2016(3):36-43.
[4]介明.土壤盐碱地的危害与改良研究[J].绿色科技,2016(7):122-122.
[5]田稼,孙超,杨明琰,等.黄土高原不同树龄苹果园土壤微生物、养分及pH的相关性[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(7):138-141.
[6]张强,魏钦平,齐鸿雁,等.北京果园土壤养分和pH与微生物数量的相关分析及优化方案[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):15-19.
[7]王彦伟.石灰性土壤上酸性肥料对小麦的增产效应[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017:1-42.
[8]仝月澳.果树营养诊断的初步探索[J].中国果树,1980(1):1-6.
[9]韩振海,王忆,张新忠,等.苹果砧木新品种中砧1号[J].农业生物技术学报,2013(7):879-882.
[10]王衍安,范伟国,李玲,等.落叶前根外喷锌防治苹果小叶病研究[J].果树学报,2001(4):246-247.
[11]孙玉菲.城市园林树木栽植土壤改良技术[J].河北农业,2018(8):41.
[12]党艳青,焦灰敏,王新建.阿拉尔苹果园缺铁失绿诊断及矫治[J].北方园艺,2018(9):81-85.
[13]陈治金.山西碱性土壤改良项目签字并顺利实施[J].今日山西,2000(4):21-22.
[14]卢星辰,张济世,苗琪,等.不同改良物料及其配施组合对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土的改良效果[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):326-332.
[15]赵敏,罗开源,李性苑.硫磺粉对土壤pH及蓝莓幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(3):58-61.
[16]王海云,姜远茂,彭福田,等.胶东苹果园土壤有效养分状况及与产量关系研究[J].山东农业大学学报,2008,39(1):31-38.
[17]胡海燕,茹振钢,李淦.小麦幼苗根系pH对酸、碱逆境的应答[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(1):33-37.
[18]胡延涛,高健.井水灌溉条件下沿黄盐碱地水稻种植不同生育期土壤盐度动态变化[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2018(10):57-62.
[19]黄显淦.苹果园覆盖绿肥自传种栽培效果研究[J].中国果树,1989(3):46-49.
[20]王大平.苹果园种植覆盖作物的生态效应[J].重庆文理学院学报(社会科学版),1999(2):19-20.
[21]党娜娜.行间生草对灵武长枣园区土壤特性与果实品质的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017:1-46.
[22]张兴兴.种植不同牧草对桃园生态环境的影响研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011:1-68.
[23]赵帅翔,张卫峰,姜远茂,等.黄土高原苹果过量施氮因素分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017(2):484-491.
[24]王兰天.含氨基酸水溶肥料在玉米和白菜上的应用效果研究[J].河南科学,2013,31(7):972-974.
[25]孙薇,钱勋,付青霞,等.生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013(5):1224-1233.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |