基于GIS技术的佳木斯地区农田开垦对表层土壤有机碳储量的影响
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摘要
基于GIS技术,利用1980年和2010年佳木斯表层(0—30cm)土壤有机碳数据,研究不同农田开垦方式对表层土壤有机碳储量和空间分布的影响。结果表明:30年来佳木斯地区表层土壤有机碳储量呈现减少趋势,从1980年土壤有机碳库350.68Tg C减少到2010年的299.58Tg C,主要减少分布在东北地区和南部地区。30年来耕地面积增加了6 790.44km2,农田开垦(沼泽湿地、林地、草地)是影响土壤有机碳储量和时空变化的主要原因,而沼泽湿地的开垦导致储量变化最大,沼泽湿地开垦土壤有机碳年变化率为107.21tC/(km2·a)。农田开垦成旱田要比水田对土壤有机碳损失影响大,农田开垦是造成有机碳储量下降的原因。
Based on GIS technology,soil organic carbon data of topsoil(0—30 cm)in Jiamusi in 1980 and 2010 were used to study the effects of different cropland reclamation methods on topsoil organic carbon storage and spatial distribution.The results showed that the topsoil organic carbon storage in Jiamusi area presented the decreasing trend in the past 30 years.From 1980 to 2010,the soil organic carbon storage decreased from350.68 Tg C to 299.58 Tg C.Meantime,the cultivated land area increased by 6 790.44 km2 in the 30 years,and the farmlands(wetland,woodland,grassland)was considered as the main factor which affected the soil organic carbon storage and spatial and temporal variation,and marsh reclamation resulted in the biggest change of reserves,and soil organic carbon of wetland reclamation changed at the rate of 107.21 tC/(km2·a).In conclusion,farmlands reclaimed to dry fields had a greater influence on the loss of soil organic carbon than paddy field.Reclamation of farmland was the main cause of the decrease of soil organic carbon.
Based on GIS technology,soil organic carbon data of topsoil(0—30 cm)in Jiamusi in 1980 and 2010 were used to study the effects of different cropland reclamation methods on topsoil organic carbon storage and spatial distribution.The results showed that the topsoil organic carbon storage in Jiamusi area presented the decreasing trend in the past 30 years.From 1980 to 2010,the soil organic carbon storage decreased from350.68 Tg C to 299.58 Tg C.Meantime,the cultivated land area increased by 6 790.44 km2 in the 30 years,and the farmlands(wetland,woodland,grassland)was considered as the main factor which affected the soil organic carbon storage and spatial and temporal variation,and marsh reclamation resulted in the biggest change of reserves,and soil organic carbon of wetland reclamation changed at the rate of 107.21 tC/(km2·a).In conclusion,farmlands reclaimed to dry fields had a greater influence on the loss of soil organic carbon than paddy field.Reclamation of farmland was the main cause of the decrease of soil organic carbon.
引文
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[4]史利江,郑丽波,梅雪英,等.上海市不同土地利用方式下的土壤碳氮特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2279-2287.
[5]周广胜,王玉辉,蒋延玲,等.陆地生态系统类型转变与碳循环[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):250-254.
[6] Guo L B,Gifford R M.Soil carbon stocks and land use change:a meta analysis[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8(4):345-360.
[7]宋长春,王毅勇,阎百兴,等.沼泽湿地开垦后土壤水热条件变化与碳、氮动态[J].环境科学,2004,25(3):150-154.
[8]王丽丽,宋长春,葛瑞娟,等.三江平原湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳储量研究[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):656-660.
[9]许英杰,尹嫦姣.近55a佳木斯地区最大冻土深度变化特征及其影响因子的分析[J].黑龙江气象,2017,34(3):4-6.
[10]迟光宇,王俊,陈欣,等.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳的动态变化[J].土壤,2006,38(6):755-761.
[11]杜国明,潘涛,尹哲睿,等.水田化进程中的富锦市耕地景观格局演化规律[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):207-214.
[12] Nelson D W,Sommers L E,Sparks D L,et al.Total carbon,organic carbon,and organic matter[J].Methods of Soil Analysis,1982,9:961-1010.
[13]苗正红,杨清臣,邱中军,等.基于GIS技术的土地利用变化对表层土壤有机碳储量的影响:以富锦为例[J].水土保持研究,2015,4(3):67-72.
[14]政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].科学出版社,北京,1999.
[15] Pannatier Y.VARIOWIN:Software for spatial data analysis in 2D[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[16] Lévesque J,King D J.Airborne digital camera image semivariance for evaluation of forest structural damage at an acid mine site[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1999,68(2):112-124.
[17]杨元合.青藏高原高寒草地生态系统碳氮储量[D].北京:北京大学,2008.