太湖流域平原河网分流比影响因素
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摘要
以太湖流域典型分汊河道为例,构建河道二维水动力模型,研究平原河网分流比主要影响因素及其作用机理,并运用岭回归建立了平原河网分流比预测方程。结果表明:平原河网分流比与糙率、支汊过水宽度比、水位差呈正相关关系,与干流流量呈负相关关系,与分汊角度关系复杂;干流流量和支汊过水宽度比是影响分流比的主要因素;构建的多因素平原河网分流比综合预测方程可用于预测平原河网分汊河道分流比。
Taking the typical branching channel in Taihu basin as an example, a 2-D hydrodynamic model of river channel was constructed to study the main influencing factors and mechanism of flow diversion ratio in plain river networks, and a prediction equation of diversion ratio for plain river networks is established by ridge regression. The results show that the flow diversion ratio of plain river networks has a positive correlation with roughness, ratio of the width of the tributary to that of the main Channel and water level difference, while a negative correlation with the main stream discharge, and a complicated relationship with the branching angle. The discharge of the main stream and the ratio of the width of the tributary to that of the are two dominant factors of the flow diversion ratio. The multi-factor comprehensive prediction equation for the flow diversion ratio of plain river network can be used to predict the flow diversion ratio of braided rivers in plain river networks.
Taking the typical branching channel in Taihu basin as an example, a 2-D hydrodynamic model of river channel was constructed to study the main influencing factors and mechanism of flow diversion ratio in plain river networks, and a prediction equation of diversion ratio for plain river networks is established by ridge regression. The results show that the flow diversion ratio of plain river networks has a positive correlation with roughness, ratio of the width of the tributary to that of the main Channel and water level difference, while a negative correlation with the main stream discharge, and a complicated relationship with the branching angle. The discharge of the main stream and the ratio of the width of the tributary to that of the are two dominant factors of the flow diversion ratio. The multi-factor comprehensive prediction equation for the flow diversion ratio of plain river network can be used to predict the flow diversion ratio of braided rivers in plain river networks.
引文
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[9] HUA Zulin,GU Li.Experiments of three-dimensional flow structure in braided rivers[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,21(2):228-237.
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[16] HAMRICKJ M.A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code :theoretical and computational aspects[R].Gloucester,Massachusetts:Virginia Institute of Marine,the College of William and Mary,1992.
[17] 邢贞相,张丽慧,纪毅,等.基于EFDC模型五大连池水质模拟和富营养化评价研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2018,49(5):88-98.(XING Zhenxiang,ZHANG Lihui,JI Yi,et al.Study on water quality simulation and eutrophication assessment in Wudalianchi based on EFDC model[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2018,49(5):88-98.(in Chinese))
[18] THEWODROS K G.Numerical analysis of stormwater flow conditions and separation zone at open-channel junctions[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2017,143(1):1-9.
[19] 王晓,逄勇,沈春其,等.太湖流域跨界水环境动态监测点位优化布局[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):130-137.(WANG Xiao,PANG Yong,SHEN Chunqi,et al.Layout optimization of water environmental monitoring site of trans-boundary of Taihu Basin[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):130-137.(in Chinese))
[20] 胡鹏,崔小红,周祖昊,等.流域水文模型中河道断面概化的原理和方法[J].水文,2010,30(5):38-41.(HU Peng,CUI Xiaohong,ZHOU Zuhao,et al.Principleand method of river cross section regularization in watershed hydrological model[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2010,30(5):38-41.(in Chinese))
[21] 张如强,高红凯,刘俊国,等.不同目标函数对水文模型模拟效果影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,59(4):106-111.(ZHANG Ruqiang,GAO Hongkai,LIU Junguo,et al.The influence of different objective functions on hydrological model performance[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2017,59(4):106-111.(in Chinese))
[22] MORIASI D N.Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2007,50(3):885-900.
[23] RAMAMURTHY A S.Dividing flow in open channels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,116(3):449-455.
[24] 李炜.水力计算手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[25] 陈界仁,余雯.码头桩群对八卦洲汊道分流比的影响研究[J].水运工程,2012,19(3):104-107.(CHEN Jieren,YU Wen.Influence of pile group on division ratio of Baguazhou branch[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2012,19(3):104-107.(in Chinese))
[26] 张秉文.天然河道糙率计算及取值方法[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(A01):25-28.(ZHANG Bingwen.Calculation and value selection method of the roughness of natural river channel[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2012,10(A01):25-28.(in Chinese))
[27] 王鹤霏.生物-生态技术对水体修复效果的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[28] GRACE J,PRIEST M.Diversion of flow in open channels[R].Alabama:Alabama Pollytechnic Institute,1958.
[29] 葛亮.分汊河道分流特性的研究与应用[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[30] 何伟,陈静,谈永锋.分汊河道的水流运动特性研究进展[J].水电站设计,2008,24(2):83-85.(HE Wei,CHEN Jing,TAN Yongfeng.Research progress on flow movement characteristics of bifurcated rivers[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2008,18(6):83-86.(in Chinese))
[31] 严以新,葛亮,高进.最小能耗率理论在分汊河段的应用[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2003,18(6):692-697.(YAN Yixin,GE Liang,GAO Jin.Application of the minimum energy dissipation rate theory in the braided river[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2003,18(6):692-697.(in Chinese))
[32] 何伟.点源排放下分汊河道污染物分配规律试验研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008.
[33] 郑鸣芳.闽江下游分流口河段分流比及河道演变分析[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[34] RAMAMURTHY A S,ZHU W.Dividing rectangular closed conduit flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996,122(12):687-691.
[35] 陈界仁,张婧,罗春,等.赣江下游东西河分流比变化分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(6):40-42.( CHEN Jieren,ZHANG Jing,LUO Chun,et al.Analysis on diversion ratio for downstream of Ganjiang River[J],Yangtze River,2010,41(6):40-42.(in Chinese))
[36] 黄志文,许新发,唐立模,等.赣江入鄱阳湖尾闾东西河分流比变化规律分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(24):26-30.(HUANG Zhiwen,XU Xinfa,TANG Limo,et al.Analysis on variation of flow diversion ratio at tail-streams of Ganjiang River[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(24):26-30.(in Chinese))
[37] 姜宁林,张长宽,陈永平.上游径流变化对长江澄通河段汊道分流比的影响[J].人民长江,2012,43(23):33-36.(JIANG Ninglin,ZHANG Changkuan,CHEN Yongping.Impacts of upstream discharge on branch discharge ratio of Chengtong reach of Yangtze River[J].Yangtze River,2012,43(23):33-36.(in Chinese))
[38] 钱睿智,王永东,杨咏梅,等.江都东闸引水期宜陵节点分流比模型研究[J].江苏水利,2017,23(8):5-10.(QIAN Ruizhi,WANG Yongdong,YANG Yongmei,et al.Study on the split ratio model of Yiling node at diversion stage of Jiangdu East Gate[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2017,23(8):5-10.(in Chinese))
[39] 陈斌,邬年华,许新发,等.鄱阳湖水位变化对赣江尾闾河段分流比影响研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(8):8-12.(CHEN Bin,WU Nianhua,XU Xinfa,et al.Test study on effects of water level fluctuation of Poyang Lake on diversion ratio of estuaries of Ganjiang River.[J]Yangtze River,2018,49(8):8-12.(in Chinese))
[2] 吴迪,郭维东,刘卓也.复式断面河道“Y”型交汇河口水流水力特性[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(3):21-23.(WU Di,GUO Weidong,LIU Zhuoye.Hydraulic characteristics of water flow at“ Y”-shaped junction of river channel with compound cross-section[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(3):21-23.(in Chinese))
[3] 童朝锋,严以新,孟艳秋,等.分汊河道分流比估算方法[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(6):7-9.(TONG Chaofeng,YAN Yixin,MENG Yanqiu,et al.Methods for evaluating flow diversion ratio of bifurcated rivers[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2011,31(6):7-9.(in Chinese))
[4] 童朝锋.分汊口水沙运动特征及三维水流数学模型应用研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[5] 道付海.长江河口南北槽分流口工程及瑞丰沙地形变化对落潮分流比的影响研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.
[6] 谢鉴衡.河床演变及整治[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1997.
[7] 唐立模,肖洋,周洪都,等.赣江东西河分流比影响因素研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2011,33(4):64-68.(TANG Limo,XIAO Yang,ZHOU Hongdu,et al.Research on the effect factors of flow diversion ratio in Ganjiang River[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2011,33(4):64-68.(in Chinese))
[8] LI Lu,ZHU Jianrong,WU Hui,et al.A numerical study on water diversion ratio of the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary in dry season[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2010,28(3):700-712.
[9] HUA Zulin,GU Li.Experiments of three-dimensional flow structure in braided rivers[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,21(2):228-237.
[10] 吴门伍,严黎,陈莹,等.珠江河口磨刀门口外东西两汊实测分流比分析[J].人民长江,2019,50(1):13-17.(WU Menwu,YAN Li,CHEN Ying,et al.Analysis on measured discharge ratio of east and west branches outside Modaomen entrance of Pearl River estuary[J].Yangtze River,2019,50(1):13-17.(in Chinese))
[11] 顾莉,华祖林,褚克坚,等.分汊型河道水流运动特性和污染物输移规律研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(5):88-94.(GU Li,HUA Zulin,CHU Kejian,et al.Advances in flow characteristics and pollutant transport laws in braided rivers[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2011,31(5):88-94.(in Chinese))
[12] RAMAMURTHY A S,SATISH M G.Division of flow in short open channel branches[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1988,114(4):428-438.
[13] 胡春宏,张治昊.黄河下游复式河道滩槽分流特征研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(1):1-9.(HU Chunhong,ZHANG Zhihao.Research on separated discharge characteristics of flood plain and main channel of the Lower Yellow River compound channel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(1):1-9.(in Chinese))
[14] 岳晓红,陶娟,吴昊.太湖流域水环境存在问题的研究[J].中国水运(下半月),2017,17(3):117-118.(YUE Xiaohong,TAO Juan,WU Hao.Research on problems of water environment of Lake Taihu Basin[J].China Water Transport,2017,17(3):117-118.(in Chinese))
[15] 陆志华,李勇涛,钱旭,等.考虑太湖水质指标的流域骨干工程调度方案[J].水资源保护,2018,34(6):44-48.(LU Zhihua,LI Yongtao,QIAN Xu,et al.Scheduling scheme of Taihu Basin key projects considering water qualityindex of Taihu Lake[J].Water Resources Protection,2018,34(6):44-48.(in Chinese))
[16] HAMRICKJ M.A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code :theoretical and computational aspects[R].Gloucester,Massachusetts:Virginia Institute of Marine,the College of William and Mary,1992.
[17] 邢贞相,张丽慧,纪毅,等.基于EFDC模型五大连池水质模拟和富营养化评价研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2018,49(5):88-98.(XING Zhenxiang,ZHANG Lihui,JI Yi,et al.Study on water quality simulation and eutrophication assessment in Wudalianchi based on EFDC model[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2018,49(5):88-98.(in Chinese))
[18] THEWODROS K G.Numerical analysis of stormwater flow conditions and separation zone at open-channel junctions[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2017,143(1):1-9.
[19] 王晓,逄勇,沈春其,等.太湖流域跨界水环境动态监测点位优化布局[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):130-137.(WANG Xiao,PANG Yong,SHEN Chunqi,et al.Layout optimization of water environmental monitoring site of trans-boundary of Taihu Basin[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):130-137.(in Chinese))
[20] 胡鹏,崔小红,周祖昊,等.流域水文模型中河道断面概化的原理和方法[J].水文,2010,30(5):38-41.(HU Peng,CUI Xiaohong,ZHOU Zuhao,et al.Principleand method of river cross section regularization in watershed hydrological model[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2010,30(5):38-41.(in Chinese))
[21] 张如强,高红凯,刘俊国,等.不同目标函数对水文模型模拟效果影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,59(4):106-111.(ZHANG Ruqiang,GAO Hongkai,LIU Junguo,et al.The influence of different objective functions on hydrological model performance[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2017,59(4):106-111.(in Chinese))
[22] MORIASI D N.Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2007,50(3):885-900.
[23] RAMAMURTHY A S.Dividing flow in open channels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,116(3):449-455.
[24] 李炜.水力计算手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[25] 陈界仁,余雯.码头桩群对八卦洲汊道分流比的影响研究[J].水运工程,2012,19(3):104-107.(CHEN Jieren,YU Wen.Influence of pile group on division ratio of Baguazhou branch[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2012,19(3):104-107.(in Chinese))
[26] 张秉文.天然河道糙率计算及取值方法[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(A01):25-28.(ZHANG Bingwen.Calculation and value selection method of the roughness of natural river channel[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2012,10(A01):25-28.(in Chinese))
[27] 王鹤霏.生物-生态技术对水体修复效果的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[28] GRACE J,PRIEST M.Diversion of flow in open channels[R].Alabama:Alabama Pollytechnic Institute,1958.
[29] 葛亮.分汊河道分流特性的研究与应用[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[30] 何伟,陈静,谈永锋.分汊河道的水流运动特性研究进展[J].水电站设计,2008,24(2):83-85.(HE Wei,CHEN Jing,TAN Yongfeng.Research progress on flow movement characteristics of bifurcated rivers[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2008,18(6):83-86.(in Chinese))
[31] 严以新,葛亮,高进.最小能耗率理论在分汊河段的应用[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2003,18(6):692-697.(YAN Yixin,GE Liang,GAO Jin.Application of the minimum energy dissipation rate theory in the braided river[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2003,18(6):692-697.(in Chinese))
[32] 何伟.点源排放下分汊河道污染物分配规律试验研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008.
[33] 郑鸣芳.闽江下游分流口河段分流比及河道演变分析[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[34] RAMAMURTHY A S,ZHU W.Dividing rectangular closed conduit flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996,122(12):687-691.
[35] 陈界仁,张婧,罗春,等.赣江下游东西河分流比变化分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(6):40-42.( CHEN Jieren,ZHANG Jing,LUO Chun,et al.Analysis on diversion ratio for downstream of Ganjiang River[J],Yangtze River,2010,41(6):40-42.(in Chinese))
[36] 黄志文,许新发,唐立模,等.赣江入鄱阳湖尾闾东西河分流比变化规律分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(24):26-30.(HUANG Zhiwen,XU Xinfa,TANG Limo,et al.Analysis on variation of flow diversion ratio at tail-streams of Ganjiang River[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(24):26-30.(in Chinese))
[37] 姜宁林,张长宽,陈永平.上游径流变化对长江澄通河段汊道分流比的影响[J].人民长江,2012,43(23):33-36.(JIANG Ninglin,ZHANG Changkuan,CHEN Yongping.Impacts of upstream discharge on branch discharge ratio of Chengtong reach of Yangtze River[J].Yangtze River,2012,43(23):33-36.(in Chinese))
[38] 钱睿智,王永东,杨咏梅,等.江都东闸引水期宜陵节点分流比模型研究[J].江苏水利,2017,23(8):5-10.(QIAN Ruizhi,WANG Yongdong,YANG Yongmei,et al.Study on the split ratio model of Yiling node at diversion stage of Jiangdu East Gate[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2017,23(8):5-10.(in Chinese))
[39] 陈斌,邬年华,许新发,等.鄱阳湖水位变化对赣江尾闾河段分流比影响研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(8):8-12.(CHEN Bin,WU Nianhua,XU Xinfa,et al.Test study on effects of water level fluctuation of Poyang Lake on diversion ratio of estuaries of Ganjiang River.[J]Yangtze River,2018,49(8):8-12.(in Chinese))