基于生态保护格局的丘陵山区乡村聚落空间重构策略
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摘要
从生态保护和建设的角度重构乡村聚落空间,是强化"山水林田湖草"生命共同体,实现生态宜居乡村建设的重要手段。以重庆市荣昌区为例,在分析其乡村聚落空间分异特征的基础上,结合景观生态学理论,运用最小累积阻力模型构建生态保护格局,根据乡村聚落现状布局对研究区生态保护的影响划分乡村聚落调整类型,并提出各类聚落的空间重构策略。结果表明:(1)研究区乡村聚落空间分异特征明显,总体上表现出布局散乱、数量多、规模小、沿河傍水等特征。(2)研究区乡村聚落空间布局现状不利于生态环境保护,将已有的乡村聚落划分为优先整治、限制扩张、适度建设、重点发展4种类型,结合乡村发展实际和区域生态功能定位,提出相应的重构策略。研究结果可为丘陵地区生态宜居乡村建设提供可靠的理论支撑和决策参考。
Restructuring rural settlement space from the perspective of ecological protection is the main method of constructing the ecologically livable village and strengthening the community of life which is composed of mountains,rivers,forests,paddy field,lakes and grass. Taking Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality as an example,the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements were analyzed,the ecological protection pattern was constructed based on the model of minimum cumulative resistance and the theory of landscape ecology. According to the impact of the rural settlements on the ecological protection,rural settlements were divided into different types and spatial restructuring strategies were proposed. The results show that the rural settlements in Rongchang District had significant spatial differences.The rural settlements are characterized by scattered layout,large number,small scale,and near water sources. The current distribution of rural settlements is disadvantageous to ecological environment protection. According to the ecological protection theory,the existing rural settlements were divided into four types:to be restructured,to be expanded with certain limits,to be constructed moderately,and to be developed vastly. The corresponding reconstruction strategies have been proposed accordingly,based on the actual situation of rural areas and the position of regional ecological function.The research results would be useful for theoretical support and decision-making process towards the ecological and livable rural settlements in hilly areas.
Restructuring rural settlement space from the perspective of ecological protection is the main method of constructing the ecologically livable village and strengthening the community of life which is composed of mountains,rivers,forests,paddy field,lakes and grass. Taking Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality as an example,the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements were analyzed,the ecological protection pattern was constructed based on the model of minimum cumulative resistance and the theory of landscape ecology. According to the impact of the rural settlements on the ecological protection,rural settlements were divided into different types and spatial restructuring strategies were proposed. The results show that the rural settlements in Rongchang District had significant spatial differences.The rural settlements are characterized by scattered layout,large number,small scale,and near water sources. The current distribution of rural settlements is disadvantageous to ecological environment protection. According to the ecological protection theory,the existing rural settlements were divided into four types:to be restructured,to be expanded with certain limits,to be constructed moderately,and to be developed vastly. The corresponding reconstruction strategies have been proposed accordingly,based on the actual situation of rural areas and the position of regional ecological function.The research results would be useful for theoretical support and decision-making process towards the ecological and livable rural settlements in hilly areas.
引文
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[11]周滔,杨庆媛,刘筱非.西南丘陵山区农村居民点整理:难点与对策[J].中国土地科学,2003,17(5):45-49.[ZHOU Tao,YANG Qing-yuan,LIU Xiao-fei. Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Residential Land Consolidation in Hilly and Mountainous Southwest China[J]. China Land Science,2003,17(5):45-49.]
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[14]杨俊宴,任焕蕊,胡明星.南京滨江新城的生态安全格局分析及空间策略[J].现代城市研究,2010,25(11):29-36.[YANG Jun-yan,REN Huan-rui,HU Ming-xing. The Analysis of Ecological Security Pattern and the Spatial Strategy of Riverside New City in Nanjing[J]. Modern Urban Research,2010,25(11):29-36.]
[15]马晓冬,李全林,沈一,等.江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):516-525.[MA Xiao-dong,LI Quan-lin,SHEN Yi,et al. Morphological Difference and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Jiangsu Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(4):516-525.]
[16]李胜坤,张毅,闫欣,等.竹溪县农村居民点景观格局及空间分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):203-207,218.[LI Sheng-kun,ZHANG Yi,YAN Xin,et al. Characteristics of Landscape Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements in Zhuxi County[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(4):203-207,218.]
[17] GETIS A,ORD J K. The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics[M]//Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis.Berlin:Springer,2010:127-145.
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[19]赵筱青,王海波,杨树华,等.基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4892-4901.[ZHAO Xiao-qing,WANG Hai-bo,YANG Shu-hua,et al. GIS Based Ecological Optimization of Spatial Patterns of Land Resources[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(9):4892-4901.]
[20]钟式玉,吴箐,李宇,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的城镇土地空间重构:以广州市新塘镇为例[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3173-3179.[ZHONG Shi-yu,WU Qing,LI Yu,et al. Reconstruction of Urban Land Space Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model:A Case Study of Xintang Town,Guangzhou City[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(11):3173-3179.]
[21]杜悦悦,胡熠娜,杨旸,等.基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建:以云南省大理白族自治州为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8241-8253.[DU Yue-yue,HU Yi-na,YANG Yang,et al. Building Ecological Security Patterns in Southwestern Mountainous Areas Based on Ecological Importance and Ecological Sensitivity:A Case Study of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):8241-8253.]
[22]王旭东,陈尧,陈闪,等.基于空间绩效的城镇绿地生态网络构建:以安徽宣城狸桥为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):87-95.[WANG Xu-dong,CHEN Yao,CHEN Shan,et al. Construction of Town Green Land Ecological Networks Based on Spatial Performance Taking Liqiao Town,Xuancheng in Anhui as an Example[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2016,36(3):87-95.]
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[2]杨忍,陈燕纯.中国乡村地理学研究的主要热点演化及展望[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):601-616.[YANG Ren,CHEN Yan-chun. Change in Key Research Area and Prospect of Chinese Rural Geography[J]. Progress in Geogreaphy,2018,37(5):601-616.]
[3]徐羽,钟业喜,徐丽婷,等.江西省农村居民点时空特征及其影响因素研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(6):504-511.[XU Yu,ZHONG Ye-xi,XU Li-ting,et al. Research on Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Rural Settlements in Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(6):504-511.]
[4]邹利林,王占岐,王建英.山区农村居民点空间布局与优化[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(9):71-77.[ZOU Li-lin,WANG Zhan-qi,WANG Jian-ying. Spatial Distribution and Optimization of Rural Residential Land in the Mountainous Area[J]. China Land Sciences,2012,26(9):71-77.]
[5]许建和,柳肃,熊鹰,等.南方山地乡村聚落空间分布及其格局优化调整:以临武县西山瑶族乡为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(10):221-227.[XU Jian-he,LIU Su,XIONG Ying,et al.Spatial Distribution and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlements in Southern Mountain Areas:A Case Study of Xishan Yao Nationality Township in Linwu[J]. Economic Geography,2017,37(10):221-227.]
[6]王勇,李广斌.苏南乡村聚落功能三次转型及其空间形态重构:以苏州为例[J].城市规划,2011,35(7):54-60.[WANG Yong,LI Guang-bin. Functional Transformation and Spatial Restructuring of Rural Settlements in Southern Jiangsu:A Case Study of Suzhou[J]. City Planning Review,2011,35(7):54-60.]
[7]李传武,梁双波,车前进,等.主体功能区视角下芜湖市乡村聚落空间分类与重构[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(10):1736-1743.[LI Chuan-wu,LIANG Shuang-bo,CHE Qian-jin,et al. Spatial Reconstruction of the Rural Settlements in Wuhu City Based on the Function Oriented Zoning[J]. Resources and Envrionment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(10):1736-1743.]
[8]唐承丽,贺艳华,周国华,等.基于生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间优化研究[J].地理学报,2014,69(10):1459-1472.[TANG Cheng-li,HE Yan-hua,ZHOU Guo-hua,et al. The Research on Optimization Mode of Spatial Organization of Rural Settlements Oriented by Life Quality[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(10):1459-1472.]
[9]马利邦,田亚亚,谢作轮,等.微观尺度绿洲乡村聚落质量评价及其空间重构[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):227-234.[MA Li-bang,TIAN Ya-ya,XIE Zuo-lun,et al. Evaluation of Quality and Spatial Reconstruction of Oasis Rural Settlements Based on Micro-Scale[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(5):227-234.]
[10]席建超,王首琨,张瑞英.旅游乡村聚落“生产-生活-生态”空间重构与优化:河北野三坡旅游区苟各庄村的案例实证[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(3):425-435.[XI Jian-chao,WANG Shou-kun,ZHANG Rui-ying. Restructuring and Optimizing Production-Living-Ecology Space in Rural Settlements:A Case Study of Gougezhuang Village at Yesanpo Tourism Attraction in Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(3):425-435.
[11]周滔,杨庆媛,刘筱非.西南丘陵山区农村居民点整理:难点与对策[J].中国土地科学,2003,17(5):45-49.[ZHOU Tao,YANG Qing-yuan,LIU Xiao-fei. Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Residential Land Consolidation in Hilly and Mountainous Southwest China[J]. China Land Science,2003,17(5):45-49.]
[12]有美丽乡村才有美丽中国“美丽”是乡村振兴最大的获得感[J].领导决策信息,2018(17):4-5.
[13]孟令冉,吴军,董霁红.山丘生态保护区乡村聚落空间分异及格局优化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):278-286.[MENG Ling-ran,WU Jun,DONG Ji-hong. Spatial Differentiation and Layout Optimization of Rural Settlements in Hill Ecological Protection Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(10):278-286.]
[14]杨俊宴,任焕蕊,胡明星.南京滨江新城的生态安全格局分析及空间策略[J].现代城市研究,2010,25(11):29-36.[YANG Jun-yan,REN Huan-rui,HU Ming-xing. The Analysis of Ecological Security Pattern and the Spatial Strategy of Riverside New City in Nanjing[J]. Modern Urban Research,2010,25(11):29-36.]
[15]马晓冬,李全林,沈一,等.江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):516-525.[MA Xiao-dong,LI Quan-lin,SHEN Yi,et al. Morphological Difference and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Jiangsu Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(4):516-525.]
[16]李胜坤,张毅,闫欣,等.竹溪县农村居民点景观格局及空间分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):203-207,218.[LI Sheng-kun,ZHANG Yi,YAN Xin,et al. Characteristics of Landscape Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements in Zhuxi County[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(4):203-207,218.]
[17] GETIS A,ORD J K. The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics[M]//Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis.Berlin:Springer,2010:127-145.
[18]俞孔坚,王思思,李迪华,等.北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1189-1204.[YU Kong-jian,WANG Si-si,LI Di-hua,et al. The Function of Ecological Security Patterns as an Urban Growth Framework in Beijing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(3):1189-1204.]
[19]赵筱青,王海波,杨树华,等.基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4892-4901.[ZHAO Xiao-qing,WANG Hai-bo,YANG Shu-hua,et al. GIS Based Ecological Optimization of Spatial Patterns of Land Resources[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(9):4892-4901.]
[20]钟式玉,吴箐,李宇,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的城镇土地空间重构:以广州市新塘镇为例[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3173-3179.[ZHONG Shi-yu,WU Qing,LI Yu,et al. Reconstruction of Urban Land Space Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model:A Case Study of Xintang Town,Guangzhou City[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(11):3173-3179.]
[21]杜悦悦,胡熠娜,杨旸,等.基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建:以云南省大理白族自治州为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8241-8253.[DU Yue-yue,HU Yi-na,YANG Yang,et al. Building Ecological Security Patterns in Southwestern Mountainous Areas Based on Ecological Importance and Ecological Sensitivity:A Case Study of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):8241-8253.]
[22]王旭东,陈尧,陈闪,等.基于空间绩效的城镇绿地生态网络构建:以安徽宣城狸桥为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):87-95.[WANG Xu-dong,CHEN Yao,CHEN Shan,et al. Construction of Town Green Land Ecological Networks Based on Spatial Performance Taking Liqiao Town,Xuancheng in Anhui as an Example[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2016,36(3):87-95.]
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