南海珠江口盆地西部海域海马冷泉区表层沉积物的生物标志物特征
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摘要
2015年3月,我国用自主研制的"海马"号4500 m级非载人遥控潜水器,首次发现了海底巨型活动性"冷泉"——"海马冷泉"。为揭示冷泉区地表沉积物中地质微生物的发育和演化特征,本研究选择海马冷泉区3个站位表层沉积物样品(活动冷泉区ROV1、ROV2和背景区QDN22),对其中的地质微生物标志物进行对比研究,探讨海底表层沉积物甲烷缺氧氧化作用(AOM)的发育状况。研究表明,冷泉区表层沉积物中存在强烈地与甲烷相关的微生物活动,主要表现在:(1)相对增高的总有机碳(TOC)含量和明显偏负的?~(13)C_(org)值;(2)发育大量与AOM有关的生物标志物,如带1?3个环戊烷结构的类异戊二烯类甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂(iso-GDGTs)、一些特殊的类异戊二烯烷烃(如2,6,11,15-四甲基十六烷(Crocetane)、2,6,10,15,19-五甲基二十烷(PMI)和2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基二十四烷(Squalane))以及C_(15:0)和C_(17:0)异构/反异构脂肪酸等,表明海底存在一定的甲烷渗漏;(3)冷泉区ROV2站位的生物标志物含量和碳同位素组成表明,此站位表层沉积物AOM作用更强,指示其下部可能存在更大甲烷通量。
During March 2015, China Geological Survey discovered a giant "cold seep" in the seabed, the "Haima Cold Spring," via the "Haima" 4500 m remote operated vehicle(ROV) for the first time. To show the characteristics of the development and evolution of the geo-microorganisms in the surface sediments of the cold seep area, three surface sediment samples(ROV1 and ROV2 in the active area and QDN22 in the background) from the Haima cold seep were selected to compare the microbial biomarker compounds in the surface sediments to investigate the effects of the anoxic oxidation of methane(AOM) developmental status. The results show that there is strong methane-related microbial activity in the surface sediments of the cold seep areas, mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1) relatively high total organic carbon content and significantly depleted ?13 Corg value;(2) a large number of recovered biomarkers related to AOM, such as iso-GDGTs with 1 to 3 cyclopentane structures, some special isoprene alkanes(Such as 2, 6, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecane(Crocetane), 2, 6, 10, 15, 19-pentamethyldicosane(PMI) and 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethylditetradecane(Squalane)), and C15:0/C17:0 iso/trans-iso fatty acids, indicating some methane leakage in the seabed; and(3) biomarker compound content and carbon isotopic composition of the ROV2 station in the cold spring area showing that the AOM in the surface sediments of this station has a stronger effect, indicating that there may be a higher methane flux in the deeper part of the station.
During March 2015, China Geological Survey discovered a giant "cold seep" in the seabed, the "Haima Cold Spring," via the "Haima" 4500 m remote operated vehicle(ROV) for the first time. To show the characteristics of the development and evolution of the geo-microorganisms in the surface sediments of the cold seep area, three surface sediment samples(ROV1 and ROV2 in the active area and QDN22 in the background) from the Haima cold seep were selected to compare the microbial biomarker compounds in the surface sediments to investigate the effects of the anoxic oxidation of methane(AOM) developmental status. The results show that there is strong methane-related microbial activity in the surface sediments of the cold seep areas, mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1) relatively high total organic carbon content and significantly depleted ?13 Corg value;(2) a large number of recovered biomarkers related to AOM, such as iso-GDGTs with 1 to 3 cyclopentane structures, some special isoprene alkanes(Such as 2, 6, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecane(Crocetane), 2, 6, 10, 15, 19-pentamethyldicosane(PMI) and 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethylditetradecane(Squalane)), and C15:0/C17:0 iso/trans-iso fatty acids, indicating some methane leakage in the seabed; and(3) biomarker compound content and carbon isotopic composition of the ROV2 station in the cold spring area showing that the AOM in the surface sediments of this station has a stronger effect, indicating that there may be a higher methane flux in the deeper part of the station.
引文
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