以河道水为原水的高速过滤过程及其性能分析
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摘要
针对平原城市缓流河道普遍存在的季节性水质恶化问题,采用预氧化、微絮凝+高速过滤对天津市某缓流河道水体进行中试规模实验。结果表明,该处理技术具有处理周期长(>24 h)、过滤滤速高(平均为43.26 m·h~(-1))和出水效果好(出水水质优于地表水Ⅳ类水质标准)的特点。同时发现:单位面积滤柱的产水率呈"阶梯"下降趋势;高速过滤的堵塞特征曲线服从三次多项式分布;系统过滤历经增长期、稳定期和衰减期,其中增长期为3～4 h,稳定期约14 h,过滤系数λ为(0.020 1±0.001 3) cm~(-1)(置信度P=95%),其可作为系统基本属性的定量参数。
This study focused on the seasonal water quality deterioration problem of urban slow-flow rivers inthe plain cities. A pilot scale process of pre-oxidation and micro-flocculation-high-speed filtration was applied topurify the slow flow river water in Tianjin. The results showed that this process was characterized as longtreatment cycles(>24 h),high filtration speeds(43.26 m·h~(-1) on average) and good effluent quality, being superiorto the class IV standard according to environmental quality standard for surface water. Furthermore, the waterproduction rate per unit area in the filter column showed a"stepwise"downward trend and the pluggingcharacteristic curve of the high-speed filtration followed a third order polynomial distribution. The systemincluded the growth period of 3 to 4 hours, the stable period of 14 hours and the decay period during filtration.The filtration coefficient λ was(0.020 1±0.001 3) cm~(-1) (confidence P=95%) in the stable period and it can beused as an essential quantitative parameter of the system.
This study focused on the seasonal water quality deterioration problem of urban slow-flow rivers inthe plain cities. A pilot scale process of pre-oxidation and micro-flocculation-high-speed filtration was applied topurify the slow flow river water in Tianjin. The results showed that this process was characterized as longtreatment cycles(>24 h),high filtration speeds(43.26 m·h~(-1) on average) and good effluent quality, being superiorto the class IV standard according to environmental quality standard for surface water. Furthermore, the waterproduction rate per unit area in the filter column showed a"stepwise"downward trend and the pluggingcharacteristic curve of the high-speed filtration followed a third order polynomial distribution. The systemincluded the growth period of 3 to 4 hours, the stable period of 14 hours and the decay period during filtration.The filtration coefficient λ was(0.020 1±0.001 3) cm~(-1) (confidence P=95%) in the stable period and it can beused as an essential quantitative parameter of the system.
引文
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[2]石效卷,李璐,张涛.水十条水实条:对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(3):1-3.
[3]申茜,朱利,曹红业,等.城市黑臭水体遥感监测与筛查研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3433-3439.
[4]沈烁,王育来,杨长明,等.南淝河不同排口表层沉积物DOM光谱特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2351-2361.
[5]贾仁勇,孙力平,韦立,等.氧化-微絮凝-高速过滤应用于再生水生产的研究[J].环境工程,2009,27(2):58-62.
[6]孙力平,贾仁勇,齐兆涛,等.污水超高速过滤的水质过程[C]//全国给水排水技术信息网.全国给水排水技术交流会暨全国水网理事会换届大会论文集.成都,2008:115-119.
[7]孙力平,韦立,于静洁,等.HFO强化微絮凝高速过滤用于污水再生处理效能研究[C]//中国城市科学研究会,中国城镇供水排水协会.第四届中国城镇水务发展国际研讨会暨中国城镇供水排水协会年会论文集.北京,2009.
[8]史忠伟,孙力平,向传宝,等.S-K型管式混合器-微絮凝高速过滤的实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(2):471-476.
[9]王喆,孙力平,付传奇,等.Mg2+助凝PAC对城市二沉池出水的作用及机理研究[J].水处理技术,2018,44(2):100-104.
[10]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[11]国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB3838-2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12]汤鸿霄,钱易.水体颗粒物和难降解有机物的特性与控制技术原理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000.
[13]BAQUERO-RODRIGUEZ G A,LARA-BORRERO J A,MARTELO J.A simplified method for estimating chemical oxygen demand(COD)fractions[J].Water Practice&Technology,2016,11(4):838-848.
[14]CHOUBERT J M,RIEGER L,SHAW A,et al.Rethinking wastewater characterisation methods for activated sludge systems:A position paper[J].Water Science&Technology,2013,67(11):2363-2373.
[15]ADIN A,REBHUN M.High-rate contact flocculation-filtration with cationic polyelec-trolytes[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1974,66(2):109-117.
[16]IWASAKI T.Some notes on sand filtration[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1937,29(10):1591-1602.
[17]ALTOE J E,BEDRIKOVETSKY P,SIQUEIRA A G,et al.Correction of basic equations for deep bed filtration with dispersion[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2006,51(1/2):68-84.
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