滇池流域宝象河水体溶解态氮变化特征及其环境影响因子研究
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摘要
宝象河是入滇第二大入湖河流,为揭示其溶解态总氮(TDN)浓度时空分异特征,及主要的环境影响因子,本研究对宝象河7个关键断面的径流进行了为期1年的系统采样,选取了pH、水温、NTU(turbidity)、TDS(Total Dissolved Solids)等水环境因子进行了实地监测,重点对TDN浓度进行了实验测试,分析了水环境因子和TDN浓度值的响应关系,结果表明:①TDN浓度值空间变化特征为从上游到下游沿程逐渐增加;时间变化特征为冬春季节浓度值显著增大。②TDN浓度值变化的主要影响因素为TDS。研究结果能够揭示滇池氮素面源污染的输移过程,为滇池各子流域、宝象河流域水体氮污染的治理提供参考。
Baoxiang River is the second largest river entering Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province. In order to reveal the temporal and spatial variability of dissolved total nitrogen(TDN) concentration and the main environmental impact factors, the runoff of seven key sections of Baoxiang River is sampled systematically for one year. The water environmental factors such as pH, water temperature, turbidity and TDS are selected for field monitoring, with emphasis on TDN. The response relationship between water environmental factors and TDN concentration is analyzed. The results show that: ① The spatial variation of TDN concentration is characterized by a gradual increase from upstream to downstream. The temporal variation is characterized by a significant increase in the concentration in winter and spring. ②The main influencing factor of TDN concentration is TDS. The results of this study can reveal the transport process of nitrogen non-point source pollution in Dianchi Lake, and serve as a basis for the treatment of nitrogen pollution in the watersheds of Dianchi Lake and Baoxiang River.
Baoxiang River is the second largest river entering Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province. In order to reveal the temporal and spatial variability of dissolved total nitrogen(TDN) concentration and the main environmental impact factors, the runoff of seven key sections of Baoxiang River is sampled systematically for one year. The water environmental factors such as pH, water temperature, turbidity and TDS are selected for field monitoring, with emphasis on TDN. The response relationship between water environmental factors and TDN concentration is analyzed. The results show that: ① The spatial variation of TDN concentration is characterized by a gradual increase from upstream to downstream. The temporal variation is characterized by a significant increase in the concentration in winter and spring. ②The main influencing factor of TDN concentration is TDS. The results of this study can reveal the transport process of nitrogen non-point source pollution in Dianchi Lake, and serve as a basis for the treatment of nitrogen pollution in the watersheds of Dianchi Lake and Baoxiang River.
引文
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[2] 郭怀成,孙延枫.滇池水体富营养化特征分析及控制对策探讨[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(5):500-506.
[3] 张荣社,周琪.池流域农业区的暴雨径流特征研究[J].中国给水,2003,19(2):13-16.
[4] 贺克雕.滇池水质状况综合评价及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2012,12(43):37-41.
[5] 徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等.滇池流域水污染特征(1988-2014年)及防治对策[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(3):476-84.
[6] 施凤宁,胡涛,刘帮波,等.滇池主要污染河流污染物现状及治理对策[J].人民长江,2013,44(S1):129-131.
[7] Zhang Hucai.Can water hyacinth clean highly polluted waters?[J].Journal of Environmental protection,2012(3):340-341.
[8] 李中杰,郑一新,张大为,等.滇池流域近20年社会经济发展对水环境的影响[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(6):875-882.
[9] 何佳,徐晓梅,杨艳,等.滇池水环境综合治理成效与存在问题[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(2):195-199.
[10] 张虎才,常凤琴,段立曾,等.滇池水质特征及变化[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(6):651-659.
[11] 赵磊,袁国林,张琰,等.基于GIS和USLE模型对滇池宝象河流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):42-61.
[12] 付春平,钟成华,付春光.体富营养化成因分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(1):128-13.
[13] 吕华庆,常抗美,石钢德.象山港氮、磷营养盐环流和分布规律的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,10(2):138-144.
[14] 余丽燕,杨浩,黄昌春,等.夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(5):961-971.
[15] Carpenter SR,Caraco NF,Correll DL,et al.Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen[J].Ecological Applications,1998,8(3):559-568.
[16] 普惠娟,张乃明,杨振兴,等.池宝象河流域水体氮素特征及影响因素[J].水保持通报,2009,29(6):123-125.
[17] 张德刚,汤利,陈永川,等.滇池流域典型城郊村镇排放污水氮磷特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2 245-2 250.
[18] Smith VH.Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a global problem[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2003,10(2):126-139.
[19] 郭怀成,孙延枫.滇池水体富营养化特征分析及控制对策探讨[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(5):500-506.
[20] 张荣社,周琪.滇池流域农业区的暴雨径流特征研究[J].中国给水,2003,19(2):13-16.
[21] 陈振民,许胜利.我国地表水体富营养化原因分析及治理方法探讨[J].河南工程学院学报,2006,21(1):87-88.
[22] 张军莉,赵磊,赵琳娜,等.杞麓湖湖滨带农田排涝区农田排水入湖污染负荷研究[J].环境科学导刊,2013(1):33-34.
[23] 吴彩斌,雷恒毅,宁平,等.环境学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2005(6):122-129.
[24] 刘勇,朱元荣,弓晓峰,等.滇池近代富营养化加剧过程的沉积记录[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(11):1 236-1 242.
[25] 李联地,刘景元.水体富营养化的几点浅见[J].河北林业科技,2011,4(2):66-67.
[26] 杨振兴,张乃明.滇池宝象河流域土壤磷素变异特征及影响因素研究[J].土壤,2011,43(1):39-43.
[27] Gelbrecht J,Lengsfeld H,Pothig R,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of phosphorus input,retention and loss in a small catchment of NE Germany[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,304(1-4):151-165.
[28] 赖珺.可持续发展视角下的滇池流域农业面源污染防治研究[D].成都:四川社会科学院,2010.
[29] 张亚丽,高楹,吴锋,等.我国东部浅水湖泊水生态效应特征[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(5):878-885.
[30] 张远,高欣,林佳宁,等.流域水生态安全评估方法[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1 393-1 399.
[31] 方兰,李军.论我国水生态安全及治理[J].环境保护,2018,46(3):30-34.