区际农业生态补偿：区域划分与补偿标准核算——基于虚拟耕地流动视角的考察
|
摘要
从虚拟耕地流动的视角构建区际农业生态补偿框架,并在此框架下开展区际农业生态补偿支付/受偿区域划分和补偿标准测算的研究。结果表明:①区际农业生态补偿的基本原理是:利用虚拟耕地净流量(输入量与输出量的差额)指标划分区际农业生态补偿的支付/受偿区域。对于净流量为负的分室,通过虚拟耕地流动占用了其他区域的耕地资源,应该支付相应的生态补偿。对于净流量为正的分室,通过虚拟耕地流动被其他区域占用了耕地资源,应得到生态补偿。区际农业生态补偿额度应包含对农业生态环境保护和改善的投资成本以及占用农业资源使其牺牲的发展机会成本等方面,并由管理平台统一收缴和分发。②2004年以后虚拟耕地流动格局基本上保持稳定,只有个别省市(甘肃和云南)由净流入转变为净流出,在空间上表现为"北耕南流"的格局。③受偿区域(15个省市)主要分布在东北地区、华北地区和西北地区;支付区域(16个省市)主要分布在东部沿海地区和西南地区。④研究期内年均总受偿额度为1472.58亿元,处于高受偿省份(黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河南)年均受偿额度都在150亿元以上。研究期内年均总支付额度为543.10亿元,其中,处于高支付区域的省份(浙江、广东、北京、福建)年均支付额度都在40亿元以上。
At present, the practice of agricultural eco-compensation in China is mainly concerned with the central vertical transfer payment to local governments, but the overall effect is not very good. Under the conditions of opening up the grain market, the flow of grain is also accompanied by the inter-regional flow of virtual cultivated land. The area where virtual cultivated land is transferred has paid too much economic, resource, and ecological costs. In order to ensure interregional fairness, it is necessary to provide eco-compensation for the virtual cultivated land flowing-out area based on the carrier of virtual cultivated land, which provides new ideas for the study of interregional agricultural eco-compensation. Therefore, this paper attempted to construct an interregional agricultural eco-compensation framework from the perspective of the flow of virtual cultivated land, and under this framework, studies were carried out on the inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation payment/compensation divisions and compensation standard measurement. The results indicate that: the basic principle of the interregional agricultural eco-compensation is to use the virtual cultivated land net flow(the difference between the input and output of virtual farmland) indicators to divide the payment/receipt area of the inter-regional eco-compensation. The sub-compartment with positive net flow should pay eco-compensation to the net outflow sub-compartment of the virtual cultivated land because the flow of virtual cultivated land occupied the land resources of other regions. A sub-compartment with negative net flow means that the sub-community's land resources are occupied by other areas through the virtual cultivated land flow and should receive eco-compensation. The amount of inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation should include the investment cost of agricultural eco-environmental protection and improvement, as well as the opportunity cost of occupying agricultural resources to be lost and uniformly collected and distributed by the management platform. After 2004, the flow of virtual cultivated land tended to be stable, which is represented by the pattern of "Shift of Farmland from South to North". The compensation area for the inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation includes15 provincial-level areas, mainly in the northeast, north and northwest regions. The payment area includes 16 provincial-level areas, mainly in the eastern coastal areas and southwest regions. In terms of the amount of reimbursement, the average annual total value within the study period was 147.258 billion yuan, and the average annual quotas in highly compensated regions(Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Henan) were all above 15 billion yuan.Regarding the amount of payments, the average annual value during the study period was54.301 billion yuan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Beijing, and Fujian in the high-paying regions had an average annual payment of more than 4 billion yuan, and Guangdong exceeded 15 billion yuan.
At present, the practice of agricultural eco-compensation in China is mainly concerned with the central vertical transfer payment to local governments, but the overall effect is not very good. Under the conditions of opening up the grain market, the flow of grain is also accompanied by the inter-regional flow of virtual cultivated land. The area where virtual cultivated land is transferred has paid too much economic, resource, and ecological costs. In order to ensure interregional fairness, it is necessary to provide eco-compensation for the virtual cultivated land flowing-out area based on the carrier of virtual cultivated land, which provides new ideas for the study of interregional agricultural eco-compensation. Therefore, this paper attempted to construct an interregional agricultural eco-compensation framework from the perspective of the flow of virtual cultivated land, and under this framework, studies were carried out on the inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation payment/compensation divisions and compensation standard measurement. The results indicate that: the basic principle of the interregional agricultural eco-compensation is to use the virtual cultivated land net flow(the difference between the input and output of virtual farmland) indicators to divide the payment/receipt area of the inter-regional eco-compensation. The sub-compartment with positive net flow should pay eco-compensation to the net outflow sub-compartment of the virtual cultivated land because the flow of virtual cultivated land occupied the land resources of other regions. A sub-compartment with negative net flow means that the sub-community's land resources are occupied by other areas through the virtual cultivated land flow and should receive eco-compensation. The amount of inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation should include the investment cost of agricultural eco-environmental protection and improvement, as well as the opportunity cost of occupying agricultural resources to be lost and uniformly collected and distributed by the management platform. After 2004, the flow of virtual cultivated land tended to be stable, which is represented by the pattern of "Shift of Farmland from South to North". The compensation area for the inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation includes15 provincial-level areas, mainly in the northeast, north and northwest regions. The payment area includes 16 provincial-level areas, mainly in the eastern coastal areas and southwest regions. In terms of the amount of reimbursement, the average annual total value within the study period was 147.258 billion yuan, and the average annual quotas in highly compensated regions(Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Henan) were all above 15 billion yuan.Regarding the amount of payments, the average annual value during the study period was54.301 billion yuan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Beijing, and Fujian in the high-paying regions had an average annual payment of more than 4 billion yuan, and Guangdong exceeded 15 billion yuan.
引文
[1]梁流涛,曲福田,冯淑怡.农村发展中生态环境问题及其管理创新探讨.软科学,2010,24(8):53-57.[Liang Liutao,Qu Futian,Feng Shuyi.Study on eco-environmental problems and management system innovation in the process of rural development.Soft Science,2010,24(8):53-57.]
[2]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁,赖斯芸.中国农业和农村污染的清单分析与空间特征识别.中国环境科学,2006,26(6):751-755.[Chen Minpeng,Chen Jining,Lai Siyun.Inventory analysis and spatial distribution of Chinese agricultural and rural pollution.China Environmental Science,2006,26(6):751-755.]
[3]刘莹,黄季焜.农村环境可持续发展的实证分析:以农户有机垃圾还田为例.农业技术经济,2013,32(7):4-10.[Liu Ying,Huang Jikun.Empirical analysis on the sustainable development of rural environment:Take the organic waste incorporation of farmers for example.Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013,32(7):4-10.]
[4]梁流涛,曲福田,冯淑怡.经济发展与农业而源污染:分解模型与实证研究.长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(10):1369-1374.[Liang Liutao,Qu Futian,Feng Shuyi.Economic development and agricultural non-point source pollution:Decomposition model and empirical analysis.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(10):1369-1374.]
[5]Herzog F,Dreier S,Hofer G,et al.Effect of ecological compensation areas on floristic and breeding bird diversity in Swiss agricultural landscapes.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,108(3):189-204.
[6]中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组.中国生态补偿机制与政策研究.北京:科学出版社,2007.[Research Group of Chinese Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Policy Research.Study on Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Policy of China.Beijing:Science Press,2007.]
[7]欧阳志云,郑华,谢高地,等.生态资产、生态补偿及生态文明科技贡献核算理论与技术.生态学报,2016,36(22):7136-7139.[Ouyang Zhiyun,Zheng Hua,Xie Gaodi,et al.Accounting theories and technologies for ecological assets,ecological compensation and scientific and technological contribution to ecological civilization.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7136-7139.]
[8]蔡银莺,余亮亮.重点开发区域农田生态补偿的农户受偿意愿分析:武汉市的例证.资源科学,2014,36(8):1660-1669.[Cai Yinying,Yu Liangliang.Ecological compensation for agricultural land in the key development area of Wuhan based on the willingness of farmers.Resources Science,2014,36(8):1660-1669.]
[9]李颖,葛颜祥,刘爱华,等.基于粮食作物碳汇功能的农业生态补偿机制研究.农业经济问题,2014,35(10):33-40.[Li Yin,Ge Yanxiang,Liu Aihua,et al.Study on the mechanism of agricultural ecological compensation which is based on the carbon sequestration functions of grain crops.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014,35(10):33-40.]
[10]刘尊梅.中国农业生态补偿机制的路径选择与制度保障研究.北京:中国农业出版社,2012.[Liu Zunmei.Study on the Route Choice and System Guarantee of Agricultural Ecological Compensation Mechanism in China.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2012.]
[11]王学,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.华北地下水超采区冬小麦退耕的生态补偿问题探讨.地理学报,2016,71(5):829-839.[Wang Xue,Li Xiubin,Xin Liangjie,et al.Ecological compensation for winter wheat abandonment in groundwater overexploited areas in the North China Plain.Acta Geographica sinica,2016,71(5):829-839.]
[12]周颖,周清波,周旭英,等.意愿价值评估法应用于农业生态补偿研究进展.生态学报,2015,35(24):7955-7964.[Zhou Ying,Zhou Qingbo,Zhou Xuying,et al.Research progress of contingent valuation method for application to agricultural ecological compensation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(24):7955-7964.]
[13]刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道,等.2004-2011年中国省域生态补偿差异分析.地理学报,2015,70(12):1897-1910.[Liu Chunla,Liu Weidong,Lu Dadao,et al.China's provincial eco-compensation difference in 2004-2011.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(12):1897-1910.]
[14]孙新章,谢高地,张其仔,等.中国生态补偿的实践及其政策取向.资源科学,2006,28(4):25-30.[Sun Xinzhang,Xie Gaodi,Zhang Qizi,et al.Ecological compensation practice and policy orientation in China.Resources Science,2006,28(4):25-30.]
[15]刘春腊,刘卫东.中国生态补偿的省域差异及影响因素分析.自然资源学报,2014,29(7):1091-1104.[Liu Chunla,Liu Weidong.Study on the provincial difference and influential factors of eco-compensation in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(7):1091-1104.]
[16]李平星,孙威.经济地理学角度的区域生态补偿机制研究.生态环境学报,2010,26(6):1507-1512.[Li Pingxing,Sun Wei.Theoretical reflection on ecological compensation from the perspective of economic geography.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,26(6):1507-1512.]
[17]刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道.生态补偿的地理学特征及内涵研究.地理研究,2014,33(5):803-816.[Liu Chunla,Liu Weidong,Lu Dadao.A study of the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation.Geographical Research,2014,33(5):803-816.]
[18]Kumar S,Managi S.Energy price-induced and exogenous technological change:Assessing the economic and environmental outcomes.Resource and Energy Economics,2009,31(4):334-353.
[19]杨欣,蔡银莺,张安录,等.农田生态盈亏空间差异与跨区域均衡机制:基于生态账户的武汉城市圈实证分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):57-64.[Yang Xin,Cai Yinying,Zhang Anlu,et al.Spatial differences of farmland ecosurplus/deficit and its regional equilibrium mechanism:Based on the ecological account of Wuhan metropolitan circle.China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(12):57-64.]
[20]Allan J A.Fortunately there are substitutes for water:Otherwise our hydro-political futures would be impossible.In:Priorities for Water Resources Allocation and Management.London:ODA,1993:13-26.
[21]罗贞礼,龙爱华,黄璜,等.虚拟土战略与土地资源可持续利用的社会化管理.冰川冻土,2004,26(5):624-631.[Luo Zhenli,Long Aihua,Huang Huang,et al.Virtual land strategy and socialization of management of sustainable utilization of land resources.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(5):624-631.]
[22]闫丽珍,成升魁,闵庆文.玉米南运的虚拟耕地资源流动及其影响分析.中国科学院研究生院学报,2006,23(3):342-348.[Yan Lizhen,Cheng Shengkui,Min Qingwen.Virtual farmland flow and effects of maize sent from the North to the South.Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006,23(3):342-348.]
[23]贲培琪,吴绍华,李啸天,等.中国省际粮食贸易及其虚拟耕地流动模拟.地理研究,2016,35(8):1447-1456.[Ben Peiqi,Wu Shaohua,Li Xiaotian,et al.China's inter-provincial grain trade and its virtual cultivated land flow simulation.Geographical Research,2016,35(8):1447-1456.]
[24]强文丽,刘爱民,成升魁,等.中国农产品贸易的虚拟土地资源量化研究.自然资源学报,2013,28(8):1289-1296.[Qiang Wenli,Liu Aimin,Cheng Shengkui,et al.Quantification of virtual land resources in China's crop trade.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(8):1289-1296.]
[25]Verhoeve A,Dewaelheyns V,Kerselaers E,et al.Virtual farmland:Grasping the occupation of agricultural land by nonagricultural land use.Laud Use Policy,2015,42:547-556.
[26]邹君,刘文洁,杨玉蓉,等.中国农产品虚拟耕地与资源环境经济要素的时空匹配分析.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(4):477-481.[Zou Jun,Liu Wenjie,Yang Yurong,et al.Analysis on the spatial-temporal matching of crops virtual land versus resources-environment-economy factors in China.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(4):477-481.]
[27]樊鹏飞,梁流涛,许明军,等.基于虚拟耕地流动视角的省际耕地生态补偿研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):91-101.[Fan Pengfei,Liang Liutao,Xu Mingjun,et al.Study on inter-provincial cultivated land ecological compensation from perspective of virtual cultivated land flow.China Population,Resources and Environment,2018,28(1):91-101.]
[28]Zbinden S,Lee D R.Paying for environmental services:An analysis of participation in Costa Rica's PSA program.World Development,2005,33(2):255-272.
[29]Hannon B.The structure of ecosystems.Journal of Theoretical Biology,1973,41(3):535-546.
[30]Tong Xin,Lifset R.International copper flow network:A block model analysis.Ecological Economics,2007,61(2):345-354.
[31]孙才志,韩雪,秦晓楠.中国区际间主要农产品虚拟水流动格局稳定性.地理研究,2014,33(3):478-489.[Sun Caizhi,Han Xue,Qin Xiaonan.Research on pattern stability of virtual water flow embedded in major crops trade among regions in China.Geographical Research,2014,33(3):478-489.]
[32]张效军.耕地保护区域补偿机制研究.南京:南京农业大学博士论文,2006.[Zhang Xiaojun.Study on the regional compensation mechanism for cultivated land preservation.Nanjing:Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing Agricultural University,2006.]
[33]Andrusevich P.The importance of ecological rent and antirent in the process of environmental improvements in land tenure.Natural Resources,2007,(4):129-134.
[34]Kratena K.From ecological footprint to ecological rent:An economic indicator for resource constraints.Ecological Economics,2008,64(3):507-516.
[35]唐俊华.中国居民合理膳食模式下的粮食供需平衡分析.农业经济问题,2012,33(9):1-3.[Tang Junhua.Study on food supply and demand balance based on Chinese rational dietary pattern.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2012,33(9):1-3.]
[36]马述忠,叶宏亮,任婉婉.基于国内外耕地资源有效供给的中国粮食安全问题研究.农业经济问题,2015,36(6):9-19.[Ma Shuzhong,Ye Hongliang,Ren Wanwan.An examination of China's food security based on effective supply of cultivated land.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2015,36(6):9-19.]
[37]龙开胜,赵亚莉,张鸿辉,等.中国生态地租空间分异及其影响因素分析.地理学报,2012,67(8):1125-1136.[Long Kaisheng,Zhao Yali,Zhang Honghui,et al.Spatial difference and its influencing factors in ecological land rent in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(8):1125-1136.]
[38]龙开胜,陈利根.1997-2007年中国生态地租变化分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(9):44-50.[Long Kaisheng,Chen Ligen.Analysis on the changes of ecological land rent in China from 1997 to 2007.China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(9):44-50.]
[39]龙开胜,陈利根.基于生态地租的生态环境补偿理论建构及应用.自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2048-2056.[Long Kaisheng,Chen Ligen.Theory construction and its application to ecological environment compensation based on ecological land rent.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(12):2048-2056.]
[2]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁,赖斯芸.中国农业和农村污染的清单分析与空间特征识别.中国环境科学,2006,26(6):751-755.[Chen Minpeng,Chen Jining,Lai Siyun.Inventory analysis and spatial distribution of Chinese agricultural and rural pollution.China Environmental Science,2006,26(6):751-755.]
[3]刘莹,黄季焜.农村环境可持续发展的实证分析:以农户有机垃圾还田为例.农业技术经济,2013,32(7):4-10.[Liu Ying,Huang Jikun.Empirical analysis on the sustainable development of rural environment:Take the organic waste incorporation of farmers for example.Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013,32(7):4-10.]
[4]梁流涛,曲福田,冯淑怡.经济发展与农业而源污染:分解模型与实证研究.长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(10):1369-1374.[Liang Liutao,Qu Futian,Feng Shuyi.Economic development and agricultural non-point source pollution:Decomposition model and empirical analysis.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(10):1369-1374.]
[5]Herzog F,Dreier S,Hofer G,et al.Effect of ecological compensation areas on floristic and breeding bird diversity in Swiss agricultural landscapes.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,108(3):189-204.
[6]中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组.中国生态补偿机制与政策研究.北京:科学出版社,2007.[Research Group of Chinese Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Policy Research.Study on Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Policy of China.Beijing:Science Press,2007.]
[7]欧阳志云,郑华,谢高地,等.生态资产、生态补偿及生态文明科技贡献核算理论与技术.生态学报,2016,36(22):7136-7139.[Ouyang Zhiyun,Zheng Hua,Xie Gaodi,et al.Accounting theories and technologies for ecological assets,ecological compensation and scientific and technological contribution to ecological civilization.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7136-7139.]
[8]蔡银莺,余亮亮.重点开发区域农田生态补偿的农户受偿意愿分析:武汉市的例证.资源科学,2014,36(8):1660-1669.[Cai Yinying,Yu Liangliang.Ecological compensation for agricultural land in the key development area of Wuhan based on the willingness of farmers.Resources Science,2014,36(8):1660-1669.]
[9]李颖,葛颜祥,刘爱华,等.基于粮食作物碳汇功能的农业生态补偿机制研究.农业经济问题,2014,35(10):33-40.[Li Yin,Ge Yanxiang,Liu Aihua,et al.Study on the mechanism of agricultural ecological compensation which is based on the carbon sequestration functions of grain crops.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014,35(10):33-40.]
[10]刘尊梅.中国农业生态补偿机制的路径选择与制度保障研究.北京:中国农业出版社,2012.[Liu Zunmei.Study on the Route Choice and System Guarantee of Agricultural Ecological Compensation Mechanism in China.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2012.]
[11]王学,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.华北地下水超采区冬小麦退耕的生态补偿问题探讨.地理学报,2016,71(5):829-839.[Wang Xue,Li Xiubin,Xin Liangjie,et al.Ecological compensation for winter wheat abandonment in groundwater overexploited areas in the North China Plain.Acta Geographica sinica,2016,71(5):829-839.]
[12]周颖,周清波,周旭英,等.意愿价值评估法应用于农业生态补偿研究进展.生态学报,2015,35(24):7955-7964.[Zhou Ying,Zhou Qingbo,Zhou Xuying,et al.Research progress of contingent valuation method for application to agricultural ecological compensation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(24):7955-7964.]
[13]刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道,等.2004-2011年中国省域生态补偿差异分析.地理学报,2015,70(12):1897-1910.[Liu Chunla,Liu Weidong,Lu Dadao,et al.China's provincial eco-compensation difference in 2004-2011.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(12):1897-1910.]
[14]孙新章,谢高地,张其仔,等.中国生态补偿的实践及其政策取向.资源科学,2006,28(4):25-30.[Sun Xinzhang,Xie Gaodi,Zhang Qizi,et al.Ecological compensation practice and policy orientation in China.Resources Science,2006,28(4):25-30.]
[15]刘春腊,刘卫东.中国生态补偿的省域差异及影响因素分析.自然资源学报,2014,29(7):1091-1104.[Liu Chunla,Liu Weidong.Study on the provincial difference and influential factors of eco-compensation in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(7):1091-1104.]
[16]李平星,孙威.经济地理学角度的区域生态补偿机制研究.生态环境学报,2010,26(6):1507-1512.[Li Pingxing,Sun Wei.Theoretical reflection on ecological compensation from the perspective of economic geography.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,26(6):1507-1512.]
[17]刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道.生态补偿的地理学特征及内涵研究.地理研究,2014,33(5):803-816.[Liu Chunla,Liu Weidong,Lu Dadao.A study of the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation.Geographical Research,2014,33(5):803-816.]
[18]Kumar S,Managi S.Energy price-induced and exogenous technological change:Assessing the economic and environmental outcomes.Resource and Energy Economics,2009,31(4):334-353.
[19]杨欣,蔡银莺,张安录,等.农田生态盈亏空间差异与跨区域均衡机制:基于生态账户的武汉城市圈实证分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):57-64.[Yang Xin,Cai Yinying,Zhang Anlu,et al.Spatial differences of farmland ecosurplus/deficit and its regional equilibrium mechanism:Based on the ecological account of Wuhan metropolitan circle.China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(12):57-64.]
[20]Allan J A.Fortunately there are substitutes for water:Otherwise our hydro-political futures would be impossible.In:Priorities for Water Resources Allocation and Management.London:ODA,1993:13-26.
[21]罗贞礼,龙爱华,黄璜,等.虚拟土战略与土地资源可持续利用的社会化管理.冰川冻土,2004,26(5):624-631.[Luo Zhenli,Long Aihua,Huang Huang,et al.Virtual land strategy and socialization of management of sustainable utilization of land resources.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(5):624-631.]
[22]闫丽珍,成升魁,闵庆文.玉米南运的虚拟耕地资源流动及其影响分析.中国科学院研究生院学报,2006,23(3):342-348.[Yan Lizhen,Cheng Shengkui,Min Qingwen.Virtual farmland flow and effects of maize sent from the North to the South.Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006,23(3):342-348.]
[23]贲培琪,吴绍华,李啸天,等.中国省际粮食贸易及其虚拟耕地流动模拟.地理研究,2016,35(8):1447-1456.[Ben Peiqi,Wu Shaohua,Li Xiaotian,et al.China's inter-provincial grain trade and its virtual cultivated land flow simulation.Geographical Research,2016,35(8):1447-1456.]
[24]强文丽,刘爱民,成升魁,等.中国农产品贸易的虚拟土地资源量化研究.自然资源学报,2013,28(8):1289-1296.[Qiang Wenli,Liu Aimin,Cheng Shengkui,et al.Quantification of virtual land resources in China's crop trade.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(8):1289-1296.]
[25]Verhoeve A,Dewaelheyns V,Kerselaers E,et al.Virtual farmland:Grasping the occupation of agricultural land by nonagricultural land use.Laud Use Policy,2015,42:547-556.
[26]邹君,刘文洁,杨玉蓉,等.中国农产品虚拟耕地与资源环境经济要素的时空匹配分析.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(4):477-481.[Zou Jun,Liu Wenjie,Yang Yurong,et al.Analysis on the spatial-temporal matching of crops virtual land versus resources-environment-economy factors in China.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(4):477-481.]
[27]樊鹏飞,梁流涛,许明军,等.基于虚拟耕地流动视角的省际耕地生态补偿研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):91-101.[Fan Pengfei,Liang Liutao,Xu Mingjun,et al.Study on inter-provincial cultivated land ecological compensation from perspective of virtual cultivated land flow.China Population,Resources and Environment,2018,28(1):91-101.]
[28]Zbinden S,Lee D R.Paying for environmental services:An analysis of participation in Costa Rica's PSA program.World Development,2005,33(2):255-272.
[29]Hannon B.The structure of ecosystems.Journal of Theoretical Biology,1973,41(3):535-546.
[30]Tong Xin,Lifset R.International copper flow network:A block model analysis.Ecological Economics,2007,61(2):345-354.
[31]孙才志,韩雪,秦晓楠.中国区际间主要农产品虚拟水流动格局稳定性.地理研究,2014,33(3):478-489.[Sun Caizhi,Han Xue,Qin Xiaonan.Research on pattern stability of virtual water flow embedded in major crops trade among regions in China.Geographical Research,2014,33(3):478-489.]
[32]张效军.耕地保护区域补偿机制研究.南京:南京农业大学博士论文,2006.[Zhang Xiaojun.Study on the regional compensation mechanism for cultivated land preservation.Nanjing:Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing Agricultural University,2006.]
[33]Andrusevich P.The importance of ecological rent and antirent in the process of environmental improvements in land tenure.Natural Resources,2007,(4):129-134.
[34]Kratena K.From ecological footprint to ecological rent:An economic indicator for resource constraints.Ecological Economics,2008,64(3):507-516.
[35]唐俊华.中国居民合理膳食模式下的粮食供需平衡分析.农业经济问题,2012,33(9):1-3.[Tang Junhua.Study on food supply and demand balance based on Chinese rational dietary pattern.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2012,33(9):1-3.]
[36]马述忠,叶宏亮,任婉婉.基于国内外耕地资源有效供给的中国粮食安全问题研究.农业经济问题,2015,36(6):9-19.[Ma Shuzhong,Ye Hongliang,Ren Wanwan.An examination of China's food security based on effective supply of cultivated land.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2015,36(6):9-19.]
[37]龙开胜,赵亚莉,张鸿辉,等.中国生态地租空间分异及其影响因素分析.地理学报,2012,67(8):1125-1136.[Long Kaisheng,Zhao Yali,Zhang Honghui,et al.Spatial difference and its influencing factors in ecological land rent in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(8):1125-1136.]
[38]龙开胜,陈利根.1997-2007年中国生态地租变化分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(9):44-50.[Long Kaisheng,Chen Ligen.Analysis on the changes of ecological land rent in China from 1997 to 2007.China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(9):44-50.]
[39]龙开胜,陈利根.基于生态地租的生态环境补偿理论建构及应用.自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2048-2056.[Long Kaisheng,Chen Ligen.Theory construction and its application to ecological environment compensation based on ecological land rent.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(12):2048-2056.]