接种苜蓿根瘤菌对西藏苜蓿生长及土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
为探索苜蓿根瘤菌接种效果,以未包衣的‘中兰1号’苜蓿为供试苜蓿品种,设计苜蓿根瘤菌拌种、拌土接种方式,以及在拌土、拌种的基础上增施复合菌剂的处理。研究发现:①苜蓿接种根瘤菌对苜蓿株高、地上部生物量、根系生长积累有促进作用;②接种根瘤菌增加苜蓿根瘤菌数量和重量;③土壤有机质含量和全氮含量较播前土壤有不同程度提高;但土壤全磷、全钾含量较播前降低,消耗了土壤中磷钾元素;④在接种根瘤菌的基础上增施复合菌剂(固氮解磷解钾+枯草芽孢杆菌)促进土壤中磷、钾元素的使用,且增加土壤中速效磷、速效钾含量;⑤根瘤菌接种(拌土或拌种)对土壤微生物量C、N都有增加,表明土壤中微生物量和活性都有不同程度增强。由此可得,接种苜蓿根瘤菌促进苜蓿植株生长和根瘤菌的形成,能显著提高苜蓿的固氮能力和固氮潜力,改善土壤营养结构和活性。
In order to explore the effect of inoculation Alfalfa rhizobium,‘Zhonglan No. 1'alfalfa uncoated was taken as the tested alfalfa variety. Alfalfa rhizobium mixed with soil and alfalfa seeds,and supplied compound bacterial agent on the basis of inoculation Alfalfa rhizobium. The results showed that:( i) Inoculation alfalfa rhizobium promoted alfalfa plant height,biomass,and root growth;( ii) Inoculation alfalfa rhizobium increased the number and weight of alfalfa rhizobium;( iii) After alfalfa was harvested,the soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased in inoculation alfalfa rhizobium compared with that before sowing; But soil total phosphorus and total potassium content was decreased than that before sowing;( iv) Based on inoculating rhizobium,the treatment of supplying compound bacterium agent( nitrogen fixing,phosphorus dissolving and potassium + Bacillus subtilis) promoted the using of phosphorus and potassium in soil and increased the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil;( v) After inoculation rhizobium( soil mixing or seed mixing),soil microbial biomass C,N and microbial biomass increased,it indicated that soil microbial biomass and activity increased. It is concluded that the inoculation alfalfa rhizobium can promote the growth of alfalfa plants and rhizobium formation. It can significantly improve the nitrogen fixation capacity and nitrogen fixation potential of alfalfa,and improve the soil nutrient structure and activity.
In order to explore the effect of inoculation Alfalfa rhizobium,‘Zhonglan No. 1'alfalfa uncoated was taken as the tested alfalfa variety. Alfalfa rhizobium mixed with soil and alfalfa seeds,and supplied compound bacterial agent on the basis of inoculation Alfalfa rhizobium. The results showed that:( i) Inoculation alfalfa rhizobium promoted alfalfa plant height,biomass,and root growth;( ii) Inoculation alfalfa rhizobium increased the number and weight of alfalfa rhizobium;( iii) After alfalfa was harvested,the soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased in inoculation alfalfa rhizobium compared with that before sowing; But soil total phosphorus and total potassium content was decreased than that before sowing;( iv) Based on inoculating rhizobium,the treatment of supplying compound bacterium agent( nitrogen fixing,phosphorus dissolving and potassium + Bacillus subtilis) promoted the using of phosphorus and potassium in soil and increased the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil;( v) After inoculation rhizobium( soil mixing or seed mixing),soil microbial biomass C,N and microbial biomass increased,it indicated that soil microbial biomass and activity increased. It is concluded that the inoculation alfalfa rhizobium can promote the growth of alfalfa plants and rhizobium formation. It can significantly improve the nitrogen fixation capacity and nitrogen fixation potential of alfalfa,and improve the soil nutrient structure and activity.
引文
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[2]赵青山,夏明,王兆兰,等.苜蓿营养价值比较分析及市场培育途径探讨[C].第三届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集,2010:599-604.
[3]张玉发,王庆锁,苏加楷,等.试论中国苜蓿产业化[J].中国草地,2000(1):64-69.
[4]杨春,王明利.我国的苜蓿生产与奶业发展—草畜结合是推进发展的关键[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(16):14-17,21.
[5]杨富裕,张蕴薇,苗彦军,等.西藏草业发展战略研究[J].中国草地,2004,26(4):67-71.
[6]尚占环,姬秋梅,多吉顿珠,等.西藏“一江两河”农区草业发展探讨[J].草业科学,2009,26(8):141-146.
[7]李锦华,王春梅,田福平,等.西藏牧草种子生产的有关问题与对策[J].草业与畜牧,2009(11):17-21.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[9]姚槐应,黄昌勇.土壤微生物生态学及其实验技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:144-146.
[10]Tilak KVBR,Ranganayaki N,Manoharachari C. Synergistic effects of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria and Rhizobium on nodulation and nitrogen fixation by pigeonpea(Cajanuscajan)[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2006,57(1):67-71.
[11]Hesterman O,Sheaffer C,Barnes D,et al. Aifalfa dry matter and nitrogen production,and fertilizer nitrogen response in legume-corn rotations[J]. Agronomy Journal,1986,78(1):19-23.
[12]张婉娴,栾双.紫花苜蓿培肥土壤及年固氮量的测定[J].东北农学院学报,1987,18(1):85-88.
[13]徐丽君,王波,玉柱,等.不同生长年限敖汉苜蓿草地土壤呼吸研究[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(1):14-20.
[14]董立国,蒋齐,蔡进军,等.基于Biolog-ECO技术不同退耕年限苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(4):630-637.
[15]邢月华,汪仁,谢甫绨,等.钾肥对苜蓿植株吸收氮磷钾的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(1):32-34.
[16]韩清芳,周芳,贾珺,等.施肥对不同品种苜蓿生产力及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1413-1418.
[17]陈萍,沈振荣,迟海峰,等.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿产量和株高的影响[J].作物杂志,2013(1):8-11.
[18]谢开云,何峰,李向林,等.我国紫花苜蓿主产田土壤养分和植物养分调查分析[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):202-214.