冶炼厂遗留场地土壤重金属污染分析及健康风险评价
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摘要
以湖南省某冶炼厂污染场地为研究对象,通过单因子指数法、空间插值、人体健康风险评估模型、ALM模型,进行场地土壤重金属污染分析及健康风险评价,结果表明:场地土壤重金属主要污染因子为砷、锑、锌、铅,重污染区域分布在1～2.5m的土壤深度,砷污染单因子风险值最大为29.7,污染最严重,健康风险分析中砷的最大致癌风险和危害商为10~(-3)和87.69,均处于不可接受水平,具有明显的致癌和非致癌风险,锑的非致癌风险在0.88～4.43之间,锌的非致癌风险均小于1,土壤铅含量引起成人孕妇腹中胎儿血铅水平超过10 ug/dL的概率为1.9%～7.9%。
The research object, a smelter site located in Hunan Province, was evaluated by single factor index method, spatial interpolation, human health risk assessment and ALM model in order to explore the pollution degree and health risk of heavy metals in the site. The results showed that the main pollution factors of heavy metals in soil were As, Sb, Zn and Pb; the heavily polluted area distributed at the depth of 1-2.5 m in the soil. The most serious factor of pollution was As, with the single factor risk value up to 29.7. The results of human health risk assessment model showed that the maximum carcinogenic risk and hazard quotient of As were 10~(-3) and 87.69,unacceptable cancer risk and non-carcinogenic risk both existed. The non-carcinogenic risk of Sb ranged from 0.88 to 4.43, and the noncarcinogenic risk of zinc was less than 1. The probability of Pb content causing fetal blood lead level to exceed 10 ug/dL in the abdomen of pregnant women was 1.9%-7.9%.
The research object, a smelter site located in Hunan Province, was evaluated by single factor index method, spatial interpolation, human health risk assessment and ALM model in order to explore the pollution degree and health risk of heavy metals in the site. The results showed that the main pollution factors of heavy metals in soil were As, Sb, Zn and Pb; the heavily polluted area distributed at the depth of 1-2.5 m in the soil. The most serious factor of pollution was As, with the single factor risk value up to 29.7. The results of human health risk assessment model showed that the maximum carcinogenic risk and hazard quotient of As were 10~(-3) and 87.69,unacceptable cancer risk and non-carcinogenic risk both existed. The non-carcinogenic risk of Sb ranged from 0.88 to 4.43, and the noncarcinogenic risk of zinc was less than 1. The probability of Pb content causing fetal blood lead level to exceed 10 ug/dL in the abdomen of pregnant women was 1.9%-7.9%.
引文
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[17]邓劲蕾,张晟,王定勇,等.ALM模型在工业企业迹地土壤铅生态风险评价中的应用[A].2011中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第二卷)[C].乌鲁木齐:中国环境科学学会,2011.
[18]张园,刘寒,单标,等.铅污染场地的人类健康风险评价本地化模型研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(3):443-448.
[2]吴烈善,莫小荣,曾东梅,等.废弃铅锌冶炼厂重金属污染场地的健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(3):603-608.
[3]赵娜娜,黄启飞,易爱华,等.我国污染场地的管理现状与环境对策[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(12):39-40,48.
[4]王璇,于宏旭,熊惠磊,等.南方某典型矿冶污染场地健康风险评价及修复建议[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3823-3831.
[5]Qu C S,Sun K R,Wang S,et al.Monte carlo simulation-based health risk assessment of heavy metal soil pollution:A case study in the Qixia mining area,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:an International Journal,2012,18(4):733-750.
[6]李顺,史忠诚,赵玉龙.场地土壤重金属污染及其修复技术研究现状[J].环境研究与监测,2009,22(1):43-47,14.
[7]钟振宇,杜红花,陈灿,等.某工业区遗留场地土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2018,40(3):73-79.
[8]孙春美.湖南某化工厂遗址重金属污染特征与电动修复实验研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2017.
[9]房吉敦,杜晓明,李政,等.某复合型化工污染场地分地层健康风险评估[J].环境工程技术学报,2013 3(5):451-457.
[10]张丽娜,姜林,钟茂生,等.基于用地规划的大型污染场地健康风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(5):788-795.
[11]张长波,李志博,姚春霞,等.污染场地土壤重金属含量的空间变异特征及其污染源识别指示意义[J].土壤,2006,38(5):525-533.
[12]单爱琴,张威,周洪英,等.徐州市不同功能区重金属污染与健康风险评价[J].环境工程,2016,34(9):125-129.
[13]陈洁,施维林,张一梅,等.电镀厂遗留场地污染分析及健康风险空间分布评价[J].环境工程,2018,36(4):153-159.
[14]Zhao H R,Xia B C,Fan C,et al.Human health risk from soil heavy metal contamination under different land uses near Dabaoshan Mine,Southern China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,417/418:45-54.
[15]张园,耿春女,蔡超.铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述[J].环境化学,2013,32(6):943-951.
[16]杨彦,李晓芳,王琼,等.基于人体健康模型(IEUBK、ALM)的温岭地区土壤环境铅基准值研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(7):1808-1817.
[17]邓劲蕾,张晟,王定勇,等.ALM模型在工业企业迹地土壤铅生态风险评价中的应用[A].2011中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第二卷)[C].乌鲁木齐:中国环境科学学会,2011.
[18]张园,刘寒,单标,等.铅污染场地的人类健康风险评价本地化模型研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(3):443-448.
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