晋西北地区表层土壤粒度与地球化学元素组成
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摘要
对晋西北地区表层土壤的物质组成进行研究,可以明确其物质来源、沉积环境及化学风化特征。选择区内表层土壤(深度0、10、20 cm)及其附近的河流沉积物,进行粒度和化学元素组成测试。结果表明:(1)晋西北地区表层土壤粒度组成以黏土和粉沙为主,且有自地表向下粗颗粒组分含量增加的趋势。(2)常量化学元素组成以SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO、Fe_2O_3为主,其余元素含量均较低。化学元素组成模式表明研究区内表层土壤物质与黄土高原腹地黄土有相同的物质源区,黄河河流沉积物对其贡献不大。(3)晋西北表层土壤的CIA值为52.70～57.89,平均54.06,说明它们的化学风化程度较低,处于早期的脱Na、Ca阶段。这是由于研究区地理位置比洛川更靠北,气温和降水量均低于洛川,降水量与兰州相差不大,但是年平均气温和年温差比兰州低。该研究明确了晋西北地区表层土壤的物质组成特征,为区域潜在沙漠化危害防治提供了数据支撑。
Studies on grain-size and geochemical element composition for topsoil in northwestern Shanxi Province can provide rich information on provenance, sedimentary environment and chemical weathering processes of sediments in the study area. The topsoil(0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm to the ground surface) and the surrounding fluvial deposits were collected, and their grain-size and geochemical element composition were tested. The results indicated that:(1) the topsoil in northwestern Shanxi Province was mainly composed of clay and silt, and coarse particle contents showed an increasing tendency from the ground surface downward.(2) Major elements were mainly composed of SiO_2, Al_2O_3, CaO, Fe_2O_3, and the contents of other major elements were trace. The composition pattern of major elements suggested that the topsoil in the study region have the same source as the loess in the hinterland of Loess Plateau. The fluvial sediments of Huanghe River contributed much less to the sediments in the study area.(3) CIA values for topsoil in northwestern Shanxi Province varies between 52.70-57.89, and averages 54.06, which demonstrate that the chemical weathering degree of the sediments is very low, and in the early stage of losing Na and Ca. This can attributes to the location of the study area, which situate north of Luochuan and Lanzhou, and the annual mean temperature and precipitation are much lower than in the hinterland of Loess Plateau. The present research clearly demonstrates the composition of topsoil in the northwestern Shanxi Province, and can lay firm foundation to the controlling of potential desertification in the study area.
Studies on grain-size and geochemical element composition for topsoil in northwestern Shanxi Province can provide rich information on provenance, sedimentary environment and chemical weathering processes of sediments in the study area. The topsoil(0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm to the ground surface) and the surrounding fluvial deposits were collected, and their grain-size and geochemical element composition were tested. The results indicated that:(1) the topsoil in northwestern Shanxi Province was mainly composed of clay and silt, and coarse particle contents showed an increasing tendency from the ground surface downward.(2) Major elements were mainly composed of SiO_2, Al_2O_3, CaO, Fe_2O_3, and the contents of other major elements were trace. The composition pattern of major elements suggested that the topsoil in the study region have the same source as the loess in the hinterland of Loess Plateau. The fluvial sediments of Huanghe River contributed much less to the sediments in the study area.(3) CIA values for topsoil in northwestern Shanxi Province varies between 52.70-57.89, and averages 54.06, which demonstrate that the chemical weathering degree of the sediments is very low, and in the early stage of losing Na and Ca. This can attributes to the location of the study area, which situate north of Luochuan and Lanzhou, and the annual mean temperature and precipitation are much lower than in the hinterland of Loess Plateau. The present research clearly demonstrates the composition of topsoil in the northwestern Shanxi Province, and can lay firm foundation to the controlling of potential desertification in the study area.
引文
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[4] 张继义,赵哈林.退化沙质草地恢复过程土壤颗粒组成变化对土壤-植被系统稳定性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(4):1395-1401.
[5] 阎欣,安慧.宁夏荒漠草原沙漠化过程中土壤粒径分形研究[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3243-3250.
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[7] 马惠真.山西省右玉县沙漠化防治的初步成效[J].中国沙漠,1983,3(3):44-46.
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[9] 马义娟,苏志珠.晋西北土地沙漠化问题的研究[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(3):301-306.
[10] 秦作栋.晋西北地区土地荒漠化危害度评价研究[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(3):8-15.
[11] 苏志珠,马义娟.晋西北地区土地沙漠化过程及发展趋势研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(3):20-27.
[12] Xue Z,Qin Z,Li H,et al.Evaluation of aeolian desertification from 1975 to 2010 and its causes in northwest Shanxi Province,China[J].Global and Planetary Change,2013,107:102-108.
[13] 马义娟,钱锦霞,苏志珠.晋西北地区气候变化及其对土地沙漠化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1585-1589.
[14] 张莉秋,张红,李皎,等.晋北沙漠化地区1980—2014年的气候变化[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1116-1125.
[15] 薛占金,秦作栋,孟宪文.晋北地区环境特征及其土地沙化机制研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):98-102.
[16] 武志涛,郭未旭,李晋昌,等.晋北沙漠化地区风沙环境信息服务系统设计[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1150-1155.
[17] 李晋昌,韩柳彦,赵艳芳,等.晋北沙漠化地区起沙风风况与输沙势[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):911-917.
[18] 薛占金,勤作栋,孟宪文.晋北地区土地沙漠化经济损失初步研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(4):24-29.
[19] 李秀芬,刘利民,齐鑫,等.晋西北生态脆弱区土地利用动态变化及驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2959-2967.
[20] 刘蓉,苏志珠,马义娟,等.晋西北沙化土地粒度特征及其可蚀性研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(6):1-8.
[21] 苏志珠,刘蓉,梁爱民,等.晋西北沙化土地土壤机械组成与有机质的初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):61-67.
[22] 付旭东,王岩松.中国沙漠物源研究:回顾与展望[J].沉积学报,2015,33(6):1063-1073.
[23] 汪亚峰,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.黄土高原小流域淤地坝泥沙粒度的剖面分布[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2461-2467.
[24] 成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[25] Fold R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar:a study in the significance of grain-size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1957,27(1):3-26.
[26] 李继彦,赵二丹,柳文龙,等.察尔汗盐湖线形沙丘沙物质来源及输移路径[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):909-918.
[27] 刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[28] Turekian K K,Wedepohl K H.Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth’s crust[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,72(2):175-192.
[29] 徐志伟,鹿化煜,赵存法,等.库姆塔格沙漠地表物质组成、来源和风化过程[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):53-64.
[30] 陈骏,季俊峰,仇纲,等.陕西洛川黄土化学风化程度的地球化学研究[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(6):531-536.
[31] Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(21):715-717.
[32] 陈发虎,马海洲,张宇田,等.兰州黄土地球化学特征及其意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1990,26(4):154-162.
[33] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M].London,UK:Blackwell,1985.
[34] Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1984,48(7):1523-1534.
[35] 罗万银,董治宝,钱广强,等.戈壁表层沉积物地球化学元素组成及其沉积意义[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1441-1453.
[36] Sun J.Provenance of loess material and formation of loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,203(3/4):845-859.
[37] 陈骏,刘连文,季俊峰,等.最近2.5 Ma以来黄土高原风尘化学组成的变化与亚洲内陆的化学风化[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(2):136-145.
[38] Nesbitt H W,Markovics G,Price R C.Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1980,44(11):1659-1666.
[2] 中华人民共和国林业部防治沙漠化办公室.联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或沙漠化的国家特别是在非洲防治沙漠化的公约[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1994.
[3] 刘颖茹,杨持,朱志梅,等.我国北方草原沙漠化过程中土壤碳、氮变化规律研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1604-1606.
[4] 张继义,赵哈林.退化沙质草地恢复过程土壤颗粒组成变化对土壤-植被系统稳定性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(4):1395-1401.
[5] 阎欣,安慧.宁夏荒漠草原沙漠化过程中土壤粒径分形研究[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3243-3250.
[6] 中国科学院黄土高原综合科学考察队.黄土高原地区北部风沙区土地沙漠化综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[7] 马惠真.山西省右玉县沙漠化防治的初步成效[J].中国沙漠,1983,3(3):44-46.
[8] 秦作栋,董光荣,马志正.晋西北地区土地荒漠化现状分析[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(3):244-251.
[9] 马义娟,苏志珠.晋西北土地沙漠化问题的研究[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(3):301-306.
[10] 秦作栋.晋西北地区土地荒漠化危害度评价研究[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(3):8-15.
[11] 苏志珠,马义娟.晋西北地区土地沙漠化过程及发展趋势研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(3):20-27.
[12] Xue Z,Qin Z,Li H,et al.Evaluation of aeolian desertification from 1975 to 2010 and its causes in northwest Shanxi Province,China[J].Global and Planetary Change,2013,107:102-108.
[13] 马义娟,钱锦霞,苏志珠.晋西北地区气候变化及其对土地沙漠化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1585-1589.
[14] 张莉秋,张红,李皎,等.晋北沙漠化地区1980—2014年的气候变化[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1116-1125.
[15] 薛占金,秦作栋,孟宪文.晋北地区环境特征及其土地沙化机制研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):98-102.
[16] 武志涛,郭未旭,李晋昌,等.晋北沙漠化地区风沙环境信息服务系统设计[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1150-1155.
[17] 李晋昌,韩柳彦,赵艳芳,等.晋北沙漠化地区起沙风风况与输沙势[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):911-917.
[18] 薛占金,勤作栋,孟宪文.晋北地区土地沙漠化经济损失初步研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(4):24-29.
[19] 李秀芬,刘利民,齐鑫,等.晋西北生态脆弱区土地利用动态变化及驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2959-2967.
[20] 刘蓉,苏志珠,马义娟,等.晋西北沙化土地粒度特征及其可蚀性研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(6):1-8.
[21] 苏志珠,刘蓉,梁爱民,等.晋西北沙化土地土壤机械组成与有机质的初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):61-67.
[22] 付旭东,王岩松.中国沙漠物源研究:回顾与展望[J].沉积学报,2015,33(6):1063-1073.
[23] 汪亚峰,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.黄土高原小流域淤地坝泥沙粒度的剖面分布[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2461-2467.
[24] 成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[25] Fold R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar:a study in the significance of grain-size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1957,27(1):3-26.
[26] 李继彦,赵二丹,柳文龙,等.察尔汗盐湖线形沙丘沙物质来源及输移路径[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):909-918.
[27] 刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[28] Turekian K K,Wedepohl K H.Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth’s crust[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,72(2):175-192.
[29] 徐志伟,鹿化煜,赵存法,等.库姆塔格沙漠地表物质组成、来源和风化过程[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):53-64.
[30] 陈骏,季俊峰,仇纲,等.陕西洛川黄土化学风化程度的地球化学研究[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(6):531-536.
[31] Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(21):715-717.
[32] 陈发虎,马海洲,张宇田,等.兰州黄土地球化学特征及其意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1990,26(4):154-162.
[33] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M].London,UK:Blackwell,1985.
[34] Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1984,48(7):1523-1534.
[35] 罗万银,董治宝,钱广强,等.戈壁表层沉积物地球化学元素组成及其沉积意义[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1441-1453.
[36] Sun J.Provenance of loess material and formation of loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,203(3/4):845-859.
[37] 陈骏,刘连文,季俊峰,等.最近2.5 Ma以来黄土高原风尘化学组成的变化与亚洲内陆的化学风化[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(2):136-145.
[38] Nesbitt H W,Markovics G,Price R C.Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1980,44(11):1659-1666.
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