长江中下游低山丘陵区土地整治对区域水土流失变化的影响机制研究
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摘要
长江经济带生态环境保护是当前全社会共同关注的问题,土地整治作为"山、水、林、田、湖、草"生命共同体全面保护的重要手段,目前大部分地区的土地整治主要关注于农田生产条件的改善,对水土流失等关键环境问题的考虑不足。以宁镇扬丘陵区的典型土地整治区金坛区、溧阳市为研究区,通过土地整治水平的定量化评价与水土流失量的精准化估算,重点研究土地整治工程对水土流失的关键影响要素及其机理。研究发现:(1)土地整治显著降低了水土流失强度,整治后项目区水土流失量降幅达到43.1%;(2)土地平整度、投资强度、田块规则度3个指标对区域水土流失防治作用最为显著,对水土流失量减少的贡献率分别达41.5%、28.1%、13.2%;(3)在水土流失严重地区应加大土地整治投资力度、加强土地平整工程、加强田块细碎化与规则化整治。
The ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a common concern of the whole society. Land consolidation is an important means to protect the orderly ecological system for mountains, rivers, forest, farmland, lakes and grassland, but at present, in most areas the land consolidation mainly focuses on the improvement of agricultural production conditions, which lacks consideration of key environmental issues such as soil erosion. This study take Jintan and Liyang city as the reach areas which are the typical land consolidation areas in Ning-Zhen-Yang hilly area, based on the quantitative evaluation of land consolidation and the accurate estimation of soil erosion, we have focused on the key factors and mechanisms of land consolidation works on soil erosion. The results of this study:(1) Land consolidation significantly reduced the degree of regional soil erosion, and the amount of soil erosion in the project area dropped to 43.1% after remediation.(2) Land flatness, investment intensity and field rule degree have the most significant effect on regional soil erosion control, and contribution rates to reduce soil erosion amount are 41.5%, 28.1% and 13.2% respectively.(3) In areas where soil and water loss is serious, we should increase investment in land consolidation, strengthen land leveling works, and intensify the fragmentation and regularization of plots.
The ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a common concern of the whole society. Land consolidation is an important means to protect the orderly ecological system for mountains, rivers, forest, farmland, lakes and grassland, but at present, in most areas the land consolidation mainly focuses on the improvement of agricultural production conditions, which lacks consideration of key environmental issues such as soil erosion. This study take Jintan and Liyang city as the reach areas which are the typical land consolidation areas in Ning-Zhen-Yang hilly area, based on the quantitative evaluation of land consolidation and the accurate estimation of soil erosion, we have focused on the key factors and mechanisms of land consolidation works on soil erosion. The results of this study:(1) Land consolidation significantly reduced the degree of regional soil erosion, and the amount of soil erosion in the project area dropped to 43.1% after remediation.(2) Land flatness, investment intensity and field rule degree have the most significant effect on regional soil erosion control, and contribution rates to reduce soil erosion amount are 41.5%, 28.1% and 13.2% respectively.(3) In areas where soil and water loss is serious, we should increase investment in land consolidation, strengthen land leveling works, and intensify the fragmentation and regularization of plots.
引文
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[11] 罗文斌,吴次芳,吴一洲.国内外土地整理项目评价研究进展[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(4):90-96.LUO W B,WU C F,WU Y Z.Research progress of the assessment on land reconsolidation projects in China and other countries[J].China Land Sciences,2011,25(4):90-96.
[12] 王军,钟莉娜.中国土地整治文献分析与研究进展[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(4):88-96.WANG J,ZHONG L N.Literature analysis on land consolidation research in China[J].China Land sciences,2016,30(4):88-96.
[13] 严金明,夏方舟,马梅.中国土地整治转型发展战略导向研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(2):3-10.YAN J M,XIA F Z,MA M.Strategy orientations of transformation development land consolidation in the new period of China[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(2):3-10.
[14] 欧名豪,王万茂.宁镇扬丘陵山区土地利用与规划[J].农业工程学报,1988,4(4):7-15.OU M B,WANG W M.Land use and planning in Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou hilly region,Jiangsu province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1988,4(4):7-15.
[15] 罗明,张惠远.土地整理及其生态环境影响综述[J].资源科学,2002(2):60-63.LUO M,ZHANG H Y.Land consolidation and its ecological and environmental impacts[J].Resources Science,2002(2):60-63.
[16] 徐大兵,邓建强上官力,等.不同覆盖措施对鄂西土地整治区水土流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):53-56.XU D B,DENG J Q,SHANGGUAN L,et al.Effects of different mulching patterns on water and soil loess in land restoration area of western Hubei[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(4):53-56.
[17] MEYER L D.1984.Evaluation of the universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,39:99-104.
[18] 闵敏,林晨,熊俊峰,等.不同土地利用模式下洪泽湖流域非点源颗粒态磷负荷时空演变研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(4):606-614.MIN M,LIN C,XIONG J F,et al.Research on spatio-temporal pattern evolution of nps particulate phosphorus load in Hongze lake basin under different landuse patterns[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(4):606-614.
[19] 周伏建,陈明华,林福兴.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13-18.ZHOU F J,CHEN M H,LIN F X.The rainfall erosivity index in Fujian Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,9(1):13-18.
[20] WILLIAMS J R,RENARD E P.A new method for assessing erosion’s effect on soil productivity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conserbation,1983,38(1):381-383.
[21] WISCHMEIER W H,MANNERING J V.Relation of soil properties to its erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of American Proceedings,1969,33(1):131-137.
[22] MC COOL D K,BROWN L C,FOSTER G R,et al.Revised slope steepness factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(5):1388-1396.
[23] 卜兆宏,董勤瑞,周伏建,等.降雨侵蚀力因子新算法的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1992,29(4):408-417.BU Z H,DONG Q R,ZHOU F J,et al.Preliminary study on new algorithm of erosivity factor of rainfall[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1992,29(4):408-417.
[24] 周慧平,高超.巢湖流域非点源磷流失关键源区识别[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2696-2702.ZHOU H P,GAO C.Identifying critical source areas for non-point phosphorus loss in Chaohu Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(10):2696-2702.
[25] ZHOU H P,GAO C.Assessing the risk of phosphorus loss and identifying critical source areas in the Chaohu lake watershed,China[J].Environmental Management,2011,48(5):1033-1043.
[26] 隋雪艳.土地整治资源环境效应空间差异的形成机制与优化布局研究 ——以江苏省大丰市为例[D].南京大学,2017.SUI XY.Space difference and mechanism study on resource and environment effects of land remediation—A case study of Dafeng in Jiangsu Province[D].Nanjing University,2017.
[27] 金晓斌,何立恒,王慎敏,等.基于农用地分等土地整理项目的土地质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(4):93-96.JIN X B,HE L H,WANG S M,et al.Land quality evaluation of land reclamation project based on farmland gradation[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2006,30(4):93-96.
[28] YAN J,XIA F,BAO H.X.H.Strategic planning framework for land consolidation in China:A top-level design based on SWOT analysis[J].Habitat International,2015(48):46-54.
[2] 陶睿.重庆市土地整治工程布局生态适宜性评价研究[D].西南大学,2017.TAO R.Sustainability evaluation of land consolidation based on construction arrangement in Chongqing[D].Southwest University,2017.
[3] 张荣天,焦华富.宁镇扬丘陵区土地利用景观格局演变与模拟[J].测绘科学,2016,41(3) :85-90.ZHANG R T,JIAO H F.Evolution and simulation of land-use landscape pattern in Ning-zhen-Yang hilly area[J].Science of Surverying and Mapping,2016,41(3) :85-90.
[4] 李该霞.江苏省水土保持功能区划研究[D].南京农业大学,2015.LI G X.Study on soil and water conservation function regionalization in Jiangsu Province[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.
[5] 吴颖超,王震,曹磊,等.基于GIS和PSR的江苏省水土流失易发区划分研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):690-696.WU Y C,WANG Z,CAO L,et al.Study on delimitation of soil and water loss prone areas of Jiangsu province based on GIS and PSR[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(4):690-696.
[6] 吴海洋.土地整治理论方法与实践[M] 北京:地质出版社,2014.
[7] 刘彦随.科学推进中国农村土地整治战略[J].中国土地科学,2011(04):3-8.LIU Y S.Scientifically promoting the strategy of reclamation and readjustment of rural land in China[J].China Land Sciences,2011(04):3-8.
[8] YASLIOGLU E,ASLAN S.T.A,KIRMIKIL M.Changes in farm management and agricultural activities and their effect on farmers' satisfaction from land consolidation:The case of Bursa-Karacabey,Turkey[J].European Planning Studies,2009,17(2):327-340.
[9] FROLENKOVA N,SYDORCHUK L.Evaluation of internal environmental risks in water and land reclamation evaluation of internal environmental risks in water and land reclamation[J].Ukrainian Journal Ekonomist,2014(1):49-52.
[10] 郧宛琪,朱道林,汤怀志.中国土地整治战略重塑与创新[J].农业工程学报,2016(4):1-8.YUN W Q,ZHU D L TANG H Z.Reshaping and innovation of China land consolidation strategy[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(4):1-8.
[11] 罗文斌,吴次芳,吴一洲.国内外土地整理项目评价研究进展[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(4):90-96.LUO W B,WU C F,WU Y Z.Research progress of the assessment on land reconsolidation projects in China and other countries[J].China Land Sciences,2011,25(4):90-96.
[12] 王军,钟莉娜.中国土地整治文献分析与研究进展[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(4):88-96.WANG J,ZHONG L N.Literature analysis on land consolidation research in China[J].China Land sciences,2016,30(4):88-96.
[13] 严金明,夏方舟,马梅.中国土地整治转型发展战略导向研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(2):3-10.YAN J M,XIA F Z,MA M.Strategy orientations of transformation development land consolidation in the new period of China[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(2):3-10.
[14] 欧名豪,王万茂.宁镇扬丘陵山区土地利用与规划[J].农业工程学报,1988,4(4):7-15.OU M B,WANG W M.Land use and planning in Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou hilly region,Jiangsu province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1988,4(4):7-15.
[15] 罗明,张惠远.土地整理及其生态环境影响综述[J].资源科学,2002(2):60-63.LUO M,ZHANG H Y.Land consolidation and its ecological and environmental impacts[J].Resources Science,2002(2):60-63.
[16] 徐大兵,邓建强上官力,等.不同覆盖措施对鄂西土地整治区水土流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):53-56.XU D B,DENG J Q,SHANGGUAN L,et al.Effects of different mulching patterns on water and soil loess in land restoration area of western Hubei[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(4):53-56.
[17] MEYER L D.1984.Evaluation of the universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,39:99-104.
[18] 闵敏,林晨,熊俊峰,等.不同土地利用模式下洪泽湖流域非点源颗粒态磷负荷时空演变研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(4):606-614.MIN M,LIN C,XIONG J F,et al.Research on spatio-temporal pattern evolution of nps particulate phosphorus load in Hongze lake basin under different landuse patterns[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(4):606-614.
[19] 周伏建,陈明华,林福兴.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13-18.ZHOU F J,CHEN M H,LIN F X.The rainfall erosivity index in Fujian Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,9(1):13-18.
[20] WILLIAMS J R,RENARD E P.A new method for assessing erosion’s effect on soil productivity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conserbation,1983,38(1):381-383.
[21] WISCHMEIER W H,MANNERING J V.Relation of soil properties to its erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of American Proceedings,1969,33(1):131-137.
[22] MC COOL D K,BROWN L C,FOSTER G R,et al.Revised slope steepness factor for the universal soil loss equation[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(5):1388-1396.
[23] 卜兆宏,董勤瑞,周伏建,等.降雨侵蚀力因子新算法的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1992,29(4):408-417.BU Z H,DONG Q R,ZHOU F J,et al.Preliminary study on new algorithm of erosivity factor of rainfall[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1992,29(4):408-417.
[24] 周慧平,高超.巢湖流域非点源磷流失关键源区识别[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2696-2702.ZHOU H P,GAO C.Identifying critical source areas for non-point phosphorus loss in Chaohu Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(10):2696-2702.
[25] ZHOU H P,GAO C.Assessing the risk of phosphorus loss and identifying critical source areas in the Chaohu lake watershed,China[J].Environmental Management,2011,48(5):1033-1043.
[26] 隋雪艳.土地整治资源环境效应空间差异的形成机制与优化布局研究 ——以江苏省大丰市为例[D].南京大学,2017.SUI XY.Space difference and mechanism study on resource and environment effects of land remediation—A case study of Dafeng in Jiangsu Province[D].Nanjing University,2017.
[27] 金晓斌,何立恒,王慎敏,等.基于农用地分等土地整理项目的土地质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(4):93-96.JIN X B,HE L H,WANG S M,et al.Land quality evaluation of land reclamation project based on farmland gradation[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2006,30(4):93-96.
[28] YAN J,XIA F,BAO H.X.H.Strategic planning framework for land consolidation in China:A top-level design based on SWOT analysis[J].Habitat International,2015(48):46-54.