1990年以来4个时期深圳市海岸线与海岸带景观格局及其对人类活动强度的响应
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摘要
海岸线及海岸带景观格局的演变,既是海岸带环境演变的直观体现,也是对各种动力作用的响应。人类的开发活动能影响海岸带的生态环境。通过计算和分析海岸线与海岸带的一些度量指标,如海岸线长度、海岸线分形维数、海岸线开发利用强度、景观格局指数和人为干扰强度等,能反映出海岸线和海岸带景观对人类活动强度的响应状态。利用空间分辨率为30 m的1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年的Landsat TM/ETM/OLI影像,提取了深圳市1990年以来的4个时期的海岸线和海岸带景观要素信息,计算出海岸线和海岸带景观格局的度量指标,并对其进行了分析。研究结果表明,1990年以来,深圳市海岸线发生了明显的变化,且西部海岸变化大于东部海岸,与1990年相比,2015年深圳市的海岸线长度增加了46.61 km;人类的开发活动会造成海岸线长度、形态、类型等方面的变化,海岸线长度分别与海岸线分形维数、海岸线开发利用强度和人为干扰强度显著正相关;随着时间推移,4个时期的深圳市海岸带景观格面积和蔓延度指数一直在增加,边缘密度、景观形状指数和香农多样性指数在减小,平均分形维数小幅增大;人类开发活动造成了深圳市海岸带景观异质性降低,景观格局向规则化、结构简单化和边缘化程度降低方向发展;1990年以来,深圳市海岸带的人为干扰强度在逐渐增强,中高、高干扰强度的人类活动由中西部逐渐向四周扩散。
The evolution of landscape patterns coastline and coastal zone are not only the direct reflection of coastal environment evolution, but also the response to various dynamic effects. Human development activities in coastal zone affect the ecological environment of the coastal zones. By calculating and analyzing some indexes of coastline and coastal zone, the response state of coastline and coastal zone landscape to human activity intensity could be reflected. These indicators including coastline lengths, coastline fractal dimensions,coastline development and utilization intensity, landscape patterns index and interference intensity of human activities, etc. The landscape information of the coastline and coastal zone in Shenzhen city in 1990, 2000,2010 and 2015 was extracted in this paper. The measurement indexes of landscape patterns of the coastline and coastal zone were calculated and analyzed. The main results showed that the coastline of Shenzhen city has undergone obvious changes and the change of the west coastal zone was greater than that of the east coastal zone since 1990. Compared with that in 1990, the coastline length of Shenzhen city increased by 46.61 km in 2015. Human development activities in coastal zone would cause the changes in coastline length, shape,type and other aspects. Coastline length were affected by coastline fractal dimensions, coastline development and utilization intensity and interference intensity of human activities. During the 4 periods, total area of landscape and contagion index of the coastal zone in Shenzhen city have been increasing, edge density, landscape shape index and Shannon's diversity index have been decreasing, and the average fractal dimension has increased slightly. Human development activities in the coastal zone have reduced the heterogeneity of the landscape of the coastal zone in Shenzhen city, and the landscape pattern was developing towards regularization,simplification of structure and reduction of marginalization. Since 1990, the interference intensity of human activities in the coastal zone in Shenzhen city has been gradually increasing, and the human activities of medium-high and high-interference intensity gradually spread from the central and western regions to the surrounding areas.
The evolution of landscape patterns coastline and coastal zone are not only the direct reflection of coastal environment evolution, but also the response to various dynamic effects. Human development activities in coastal zone affect the ecological environment of the coastal zones. By calculating and analyzing some indexes of coastline and coastal zone, the response state of coastline and coastal zone landscape to human activity intensity could be reflected. These indicators including coastline lengths, coastline fractal dimensions,coastline development and utilization intensity, landscape patterns index and interference intensity of human activities, etc. The landscape information of the coastline and coastal zone in Shenzhen city in 1990, 2000,2010 and 2015 was extracted in this paper. The measurement indexes of landscape patterns of the coastline and coastal zone were calculated and analyzed. The main results showed that the coastline of Shenzhen city has undergone obvious changes and the change of the west coastal zone was greater than that of the east coastal zone since 1990. Compared with that in 1990, the coastline length of Shenzhen city increased by 46.61 km in 2015. Human development activities in coastal zone would cause the changes in coastline length, shape,type and other aspects. Coastline length were affected by coastline fractal dimensions, coastline development and utilization intensity and interference intensity of human activities. During the 4 periods, total area of landscape and contagion index of the coastal zone in Shenzhen city have been increasing, edge density, landscape shape index and Shannon's diversity index have been decreasing, and the average fractal dimension has increased slightly. Human development activities in the coastal zone have reduced the heterogeneity of the landscape of the coastal zone in Shenzhen city, and the landscape pattern was developing towards regularization,simplification of structure and reduction of marginalization. Since 1990, the interference intensity of human activities in the coastal zone in Shenzhen city has been gradually increasing, and the human activities of medium-high and high-interference intensity gradually spread from the central and western regions to the surrounding areas.
引文
[1]王栋,买合木提,玉永雄,等.我国海岸带生态现状研究进展[J].河北渔业, 2007(9):10-13.
[2]宋玉环,张寿全,王思敬.中国沿海地质环境与区域持续发展的若干问题探讨[J].工程地质学报, 1996(3):24-29.
[3]罗舒心,万新月,熊欣悦,等.海岸挤迫现象对滨海湿地丧失的影响及对策研究综述[J].湿地科学, 2015, 133(6):778-784.
[4]毋亭.近70年中国大陆岸线变化的时空特征分析[D].烟台:中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 2016.
[5]吴健生,张茜,曹祺文.快速城市化地区湿地生态安全评价——以深圳市为例[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(3):321-328.
[6]冯兰娣,孙效功.利用海岸带遥感图像提取岸线的小波变换方法[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 3322(5):777-781.
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[8]姚晓静,高义,杜云艳,等.基于遥感技术的近30 a海南岛海岸线时空变化[J].自然资源学报, 2013, 288(1):114-125.
[9]Mujabar, Sheik P, Chandrasekar. Shoreline change analysis along the coast between Kanyakumari and Tuticorin of India using remote sensing and GIS[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2013, 6(3):647-664.
[10]孙晓宇,吕婷婷,高义,等. 2000-2010年渤海湾岸线变迁及驱动力分析[J].资源科学, 2014, 3366(2):413-419.
[11]吴泉源,侯志华,于竹洲,等.龙口市海岸带土地利用动态变化分析[J].地理研究, 2006, 2255(5):921-929.
[12]张健,濮励杰,陕永杰,等.海岸带土地开发利用及生态环境效应研究简述[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 2211(1):36.
[13]黄宁,杨绵海,林志兰,等.厦门市海岸带景观格局变化及其对生态安全的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2012, 3311(12):3193-3202.
[14]丁晶晶,王磊,季永华,等.江苏省盐城海岸带湿地景观格局变化研究[J].湿地科学, 2009, 77(3):202-207.
[15]吴吉东,李宁,李春华.深圳市海岸带湿地变化及存在的威胁[J].海洋环境科学, 2008, 2277(3):278-282.
[16]姜刘志,杨道运,梅立永,等.深圳市红树植物群落碳储量的遥感估算研究[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(5):618-625.
[17]侯西勇,徐新良. 21世纪初中国海岸带土地利用空间格局特征[J].地理研究, 2011, 3300(8):1370-1379.
[18]孙伟富,马毅,张杰,等.不同类型海岸线遥感解译标志建立和提取方法研究[J].测绘通报, 2011(3):41-44.
[19]孙美仙,张伟.福建省海岸线遥感调查方法及其应用研究[J].台湾海峡, 2004(2):213-218.
[20]陈爱莲,朱博勤,陈利顶,等.双台河口湿地景观及生态干扰度的动态变化[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 2211(5):1120-1128.
[21]Rüdisser J, Tasser E, Tappeiner U. Distance to nature—A new biodiversity relevant environmental indicator set at the landscape level[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 1155(1):208-216.
[22]刘永超,李加林,袁麒翔,等.象山港流域景观生态风险格局分析[J].海洋通报, 2016, 3355(1):21-29.
[23]高义,苏奋振,周成虎,等.基于分形的中国大陆海岸线尺度效应研究[J].地理学报, 2011, 6666(3):331-339.
[24]朱晓华.海岸线分维数计算方法及其比较研究[J].海洋科学进展, 2002, 2200(2):31-36.
[25]刘百桥,孟伟庆,赵建华,等.中国大陆1990-2013年海岸线资源开发利用特征变化[J].自然资源学报, 2015, 3300(12):2033-2044.
[26]徐谅慧.岸线开发影响下的浙江省海岸类型及景观演化研究[D].宁波:宁波大学, 2015.
[27]刘富强,吴涛,蒋国俊,等.海岸线与海岸景观格局对人为干扰度的动态响应——以营口市南部海岸为例[J].生态学报,2017, 3377(22):7427-7437.
[28]李猷,王仰麟,彭建,等.快速城市化地区海岸线分维动态演变研究——以深圳市为例[J].热带地理, 2009, 2299(5):429-433.
[29]叶敏婷,王仰麟,彭建,等.深圳市土地利用效益变化及其区域分异[J].资源科学, 2008, 3300(3):401-408.
[2]宋玉环,张寿全,王思敬.中国沿海地质环境与区域持续发展的若干问题探讨[J].工程地质学报, 1996(3):24-29.
[3]罗舒心,万新月,熊欣悦,等.海岸挤迫现象对滨海湿地丧失的影响及对策研究综述[J].湿地科学, 2015, 133(6):778-784.
[4]毋亭.近70年中国大陆岸线变化的时空特征分析[D].烟台:中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 2016.
[5]吴健生,张茜,曹祺文.快速城市化地区湿地生态安全评价——以深圳市为例[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(3):321-328.
[6]冯兰娣,孙效功.利用海岸带遥感图像提取岸线的小波变换方法[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 3322(5):777-781.
[7]马小峰,赵冬至,邢小罡,等.海岸线卫星遥感提取方法研究[J].海洋环境科学, 2007, 2266(2):185-189.
[8]姚晓静,高义,杜云艳,等.基于遥感技术的近30 a海南岛海岸线时空变化[J].自然资源学报, 2013, 288(1):114-125.
[9]Mujabar, Sheik P, Chandrasekar. Shoreline change analysis along the coast between Kanyakumari and Tuticorin of India using remote sensing and GIS[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2013, 6(3):647-664.
[10]孙晓宇,吕婷婷,高义,等. 2000-2010年渤海湾岸线变迁及驱动力分析[J].资源科学, 2014, 3366(2):413-419.
[11]吴泉源,侯志华,于竹洲,等.龙口市海岸带土地利用动态变化分析[J].地理研究, 2006, 2255(5):921-929.
[12]张健,濮励杰,陕永杰,等.海岸带土地开发利用及生态环境效应研究简述[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 2211(1):36.
[13]黄宁,杨绵海,林志兰,等.厦门市海岸带景观格局变化及其对生态安全的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2012, 3311(12):3193-3202.
[14]丁晶晶,王磊,季永华,等.江苏省盐城海岸带湿地景观格局变化研究[J].湿地科学, 2009, 77(3):202-207.
[15]吴吉东,李宁,李春华.深圳市海岸带湿地变化及存在的威胁[J].海洋环境科学, 2008, 2277(3):278-282.
[16]姜刘志,杨道运,梅立永,等.深圳市红树植物群落碳储量的遥感估算研究[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(5):618-625.
[17]侯西勇,徐新良. 21世纪初中国海岸带土地利用空间格局特征[J].地理研究, 2011, 3300(8):1370-1379.
[18]孙伟富,马毅,张杰,等.不同类型海岸线遥感解译标志建立和提取方法研究[J].测绘通报, 2011(3):41-44.
[19]孙美仙,张伟.福建省海岸线遥感调查方法及其应用研究[J].台湾海峡, 2004(2):213-218.
[20]陈爱莲,朱博勤,陈利顶,等.双台河口湿地景观及生态干扰度的动态变化[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 2211(5):1120-1128.
[21]Rüdisser J, Tasser E, Tappeiner U. Distance to nature—A new biodiversity relevant environmental indicator set at the landscape level[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 1155(1):208-216.
[22]刘永超,李加林,袁麒翔,等.象山港流域景观生态风险格局分析[J].海洋通报, 2016, 3355(1):21-29.
[23]高义,苏奋振,周成虎,等.基于分形的中国大陆海岸线尺度效应研究[J].地理学报, 2011, 6666(3):331-339.
[24]朱晓华.海岸线分维数计算方法及其比较研究[J].海洋科学进展, 2002, 2200(2):31-36.
[25]刘百桥,孟伟庆,赵建华,等.中国大陆1990-2013年海岸线资源开发利用特征变化[J].自然资源学报, 2015, 3300(12):2033-2044.
[26]徐谅慧.岸线开发影响下的浙江省海岸类型及景观演化研究[D].宁波:宁波大学, 2015.
[27]刘富强,吴涛,蒋国俊,等.海岸线与海岸景观格局对人为干扰度的动态响应——以营口市南部海岸为例[J].生态学报,2017, 3377(22):7427-7437.
[28]李猷,王仰麟,彭建,等.快速城市化地区海岸线分维动态演变研究——以深圳市为例[J].热带地理, 2009, 2299(5):429-433.
[29]叶敏婷,王仰麟,彭建,等.深圳市土地利用效益变化及其区域分异[J].资源科学, 2008, 3300(3):401-408.
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