内蒙古海拉尔河水质污染时空变化特征
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摘要
以中俄跨界河流额尔古纳河的上游支流海拉尔河为研究对象,对其6个监测点2005—2015年主要水质指标进行分析,研究其水质污染时空变化特征。结果表明:海拉尔河干流水体主要污染指标为COD_(Mn)、COD_(Cr)和TN,水体氨氮总体处于GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质,满足水体功能要求; 2005—2015年海拉尔河干流与支流水质整体呈改善趋势,其中2005—2009年水质改善幅度最大; 2005—2015年干流4个监测点COD_(Mn)均呈改善趋势,COD_(Cr)在下游陶海、嵯岗监测点呈改善趋势,但4个监测点COD_(Cr)在2010年、2013年均有所回升;海拉尔河干流CODMn和COD_(Cr)年内变化显著,3—5月污染显著加重,整体来讲干流较支流污染严重,干流下游较上游污染严重,干流下游陶海监测点污染最严重。海拉尔河水质变化受气象、水文和人为活动的共同影响,2005年启动的环保专项整治对海拉尔河水质改善起到较大作用,但2010年、2013年的异常气候条件对干流水质产生不利影响。
Taking the Hailaer River, the upstream tributary of the Erguna River between China and Russia, as the research object, the main water quality indexes of 6 monitoring sites from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed to study the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water pollution. The results indicated that COD_(Mn), COD_(Cr) and TN were the main pollution indexes of the mainstream of the Hailaer River, and the ammonia nitrogen basically met the Class Ⅲ requirement of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards( GB 3838-2002). The overall water quality of the main and tributaries of the Hailaer River showed an improvement trend from 2005 to 2015 and a significant improvement occurred from 2005 to 2009. COD_(Mn) showed a decreasing trend in the four monitoring sites of Hailaer mainstream and COD_(Cr) showed a decreasing trend in the Taohai and Cuogang sites of Hailaer downstream, while COD_(Cr) of the four monitoring sites increased in 2010 and 2013. COD_(Mn) and COD_(Cr) of the mainstream of the Hailaer River changed significantly within a year, and the pollution was significantly aggravated from March to May every year. In addition, the mainstream was more seriously polluted than the tributaries, the downstream of the mainstream was more seriously polluted than the upstream, and the downstream Taohai monitoring site was the most polluted. The water quality in the Hailaer River was influenced by local meteorology, hydrology and human activities. The special environmental protection programme initiated in 2005 played beneficial effects on the water quality, while the abnormal climate in the years of 2010 and 2013 showed adverse influences on the mainstream water quality.
Taking the Hailaer River, the upstream tributary of the Erguna River between China and Russia, as the research object, the main water quality indexes of 6 monitoring sites from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed to study the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water pollution. The results indicated that COD_(Mn), COD_(Cr) and TN were the main pollution indexes of the mainstream of the Hailaer River, and the ammonia nitrogen basically met the Class Ⅲ requirement of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards( GB 3838-2002). The overall water quality of the main and tributaries of the Hailaer River showed an improvement trend from 2005 to 2015 and a significant improvement occurred from 2005 to 2009. COD_(Mn) showed a decreasing trend in the four monitoring sites of Hailaer mainstream and COD_(Cr) showed a decreasing trend in the Taohai and Cuogang sites of Hailaer downstream, while COD_(Cr) of the four monitoring sites increased in 2010 and 2013. COD_(Mn) and COD_(Cr) of the mainstream of the Hailaer River changed significantly within a year, and the pollution was significantly aggravated from March to May every year. In addition, the mainstream was more seriously polluted than the tributaries, the downstream of the mainstream was more seriously polluted than the upstream, and the downstream Taohai monitoring site was the most polluted. The water quality in the Hailaer River was influenced by local meteorology, hydrology and human activities. The special environmental protection programme initiated in 2005 played beneficial effects on the water quality, while the abnormal climate in the years of 2010 and 2013 showed adverse influences on the mainstream water quality.
引文
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[25]君珊,白凯,李魁,等.综合水质标识指数法在海拉尔河水质评价中的应用研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(4):171-175.JUN S,BAI K,LI K,et al.Application of comprehensive water quality identification index in water quality assessment of Hailaer River[J].Environmental Science and Management,2017,42(4):171-175.
[26]王洪丽,阴秀霞.呼伦贝尔市2013年春季融雪型洪水气象成因分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2015,43(6):90-92.WANG H L,YIN X X.Analysis of causes of Hulunbeier spring snowmelt flood meteorology in 2013[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2015,43(6):90-92.
[27]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[28]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):851-860.DAI W H,HUANG Y,WU L,et al.Relationship between soil organic matter content(SOM)and pH in topsoil of zonal soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(5):851-860.
[29]李秀娟,刘喜元.2010年异常天气气候事件对呼伦贝尔岭西地区春小麦生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(27):16629-16639.LI X J,LIU X Y.Impact of abnormal climatic event s on the production of spring wheat in Lingxi of Hulunbeier in 2010[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(27):16629-16639.
[30]呼伦贝尔统计局.呼伦贝尔市统计年鉴2015[M].呼伦贝尔市:倡汇印务有限责任公司,2015.
[2]KUZNIAR A,KOWALCZYK A,KOSTUCH M.Long-term water quality monitoring of a transboundary river[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2014,23(3):1009-1015.
[3]GIRI S,QIU Z Y.Understanding the relationship of land uses and water quality in Twenty First Century:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,173:41-48.
[4]SERPA D,NUNES J P,KEIZER J J,et al.Impacts of climate and land use changes on the water quality of a small Mediterranean catchment with intensive viticulture[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,224:454-465.
[5]áLVAREZ-CABRIA M,BARQUIN J,PE?AS F J.Modelling the spatial and seasonal variability of water quality for entire river networks:relationships with natural and anthropogenic factors[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,545/546:152-162.
[6]HAMERS T,KAMSTRA J H,GILS J V,et al.The influence of extreme river discharge conditions on the quality of suspended particulate matter in River Meuse and Rhine(The Netherlands)[J].Environmental Research,2015,143:241-255.
[7]WALKER D,JAKOVLJEVIC D,SAVIC D,et al.Multi-criterion water quality analysis of the Danube River in Serbia:a visualization approach[J].Water Research,2015,79:158-172.
[8]PEREIRA R,BOVOLO C I,FORSYTHE N,et al.Seasonal patterns of rainfall and river isotopic chemistry in northern Amazonia(Guyana):from the headwater to the regional scale[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2014,52:108-118.
[9]DAVID M B,FLINT C G,MCISAAC G F,et al.Biophysical and social barriers restrict water quality improvements in the Mississippi River basin[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2013,47:11928-11929.
[10]OSMAN A G M,AVUEL-FADL K Y,ELBTAR A M,et al.Seasonal variations of some heavy metals in water,sediments and fish samples collected from the River Nile,Egypt[J].Environmental Research Journal,2012,6(5):321-328.
[11]MWANAMOKI P M,DEVARAJAN N,NIANE B,et al.Trace metal distributions in the sediments from river-reservoir systems:case of the Congo River and Lake Ma Vallée,Kinshasa(Democratic Republic of Congo)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(1):586-597.
[12]CROSA G,FROEVRICH J,NIKOLAYENKO V,et al.Spatial and seasonal variations in the water quality of the Amu Darya River(Central Asia)[J].Water Research,2006,40:2237-2245.
[13]WILVERS G J,BECKER M,NGA L T,et al.Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pollution in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam[J].Sciences of the Total Environment,2014,485/486:653-665.
[14]路豪杰,徐淑琴,苏鑫.黑龙江干流水质评价与预测[J].节水灌溉,2017(3):65-69.LU H J,XU S Q,SU X.Evaluation and prediction of water quality of Heilongjiang River based on matter element analysis method and grey prediction model[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2017(3):65-69.
[15]杨家军,吐尔逊·哈斯木,阿迪力·吐尔干,等.近50年来塔里木河流域水域环境现状及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):76-81.YANG J J,TURSUN K,ADIL T,et al.Current situation of water environment in the Tarim River basin in recent 50 years and its driving force analysis[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):76-81.
[16]TAN J,YIN X A,YANG P,et al.Assessment of contributions of climatic variation and human activities to streamflow changes in the Lancang River,China[J].Water Resources Management,2014,28(10):2953-2966.
[17]WU Z S,WANG X L,CHEN Y W,et al.Assessing river quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:914-922.
[18]黄金良,黄亚玲,李青生,等.流域水质时空分布特征及其影响因素初析[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1098-1107.HUANG J L,HUANG Y L,LI Q S,et al.Preliminary analysis of spatiotemporal variation of water quality and its influencing factors in Jiulong River Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(4):1098-1107.
[19]杨晓英,罗兴章,郑正,等.平水期和丰水期殷村港污染物浓度时空变异比较研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3051-3056.YANG X Y,LUO X Z,ZHENG Z,et al.Explore the spatial and temporal patterns of water pollution in the Yincungang Canal of the Lake Taihu Basin,China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(9):3051-3056.
[20]ZHOU P,HUANG J L,PONTIUS R G,et al.New insight into the correlations between land use and water quality in a coastal watershed of China:does point source pollution weaken it?[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,543:591-600.
[21]WANG C Y,LI W J,CHEN S S,et al.The spatial and temporal variation of total suspended solid concentration in Pearl River Estuary during 1987-2015 based on remote sensing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,618:1125-1138:.
[22]荀彦平,魏敬铤.内蒙古“十一五”规划战略环境评价成果实效性分析[J].北方环境,2013,29(3):1-4.XUN Y P,WEI J T.Analysis on the actual effect on strategic environmental assessment for the Eleventh Five-year Plan of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region[J].Northern Environmental,2013,29(3):1-4.
[23]李玉文,赵秀洁,宋玉珍.呼伦贝尔市环境问题现状及对策初探[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(3):31-35.LI Y W,ZHAO X J,SONG Y Z.Preliminary investigation the problems of environment and countermeasures in Hulunbier City[J].Environmental Science and Management,2008,33(3):31-35.
[24]岳彩英,魏丽娜.额尔古纳河水系水质污染特征分析[J].环境与发展,2014(8):38-43.YUE C Y,WEI L N.The analysis on pollution characteristics of Argun River system[J].Environment and Development,2014(8):38-43.
[25]君珊,白凯,李魁,等.综合水质标识指数法在海拉尔河水质评价中的应用研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(4):171-175.JUN S,BAI K,LI K,et al.Application of comprehensive water quality identification index in water quality assessment of Hailaer River[J].Environmental Science and Management,2017,42(4):171-175.
[26]王洪丽,阴秀霞.呼伦贝尔市2013年春季融雪型洪水气象成因分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2015,43(6):90-92.WANG H L,YIN X X.Analysis of causes of Hulunbeier spring snowmelt flood meteorology in 2013[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2015,43(6):90-92.
[27]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[28]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):851-860.DAI W H,HUANG Y,WU L,et al.Relationship between soil organic matter content(SOM)and pH in topsoil of zonal soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(5):851-860.
[29]李秀娟,刘喜元.2010年异常天气气候事件对呼伦贝尔岭西地区春小麦生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(27):16629-16639.LI X J,LIU X Y.Impact of abnormal climatic event s on the production of spring wheat in Lingxi of Hulunbeier in 2010[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(27):16629-16639.
[30]呼伦贝尔统计局.呼伦贝尔市统计年鉴2015[M].呼伦贝尔市:倡汇印务有限责任公司,2015.
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