旅游小城镇利益主体适应性问题分析——以宏村镇、汤口镇为例
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摘要
随着新型城镇化的不断推进和旅游业的不断发展,利益主体适应旅游发展的问题与矛盾影响着社会和谐度。通过问卷调查,运用探索性分析和方差分析对农民、个体经营户、旅游从业人员和政府机关人员适应旅游发展中的问题与矛盾进行探讨。研究发现:适应性问题主要分为3个方面即"经济获益和区域发展"、"经济成本提高和社会环境恶化"和"旅游参与意愿",相较于其他方面而言,"经济成本提高和社会环境恶化"存在的问题更突出;利益主体在适应旅游发展过程中的利益指向及其追求程度、面临问题存在差异性,同时利益主体之间的矛盾冲突亦有主次之分。
With the advancement of new urbanization and the development of tourism industry,multiple differing stakeholders to adapt to the tourism development problems and contradictions affect the degree of social harmony.Based on the questionnaire survey,using exploratory factor analysis and variance analysis,discusses problems and contradictions about farmers,self-employed households,tourism practitioners and government personnel adapt to the tourism development.The result as follows:The problem of multiple differing stakeholders adapting to tourism development is mainly divided into three aspects,namely,"economic benefit and regional development","economic cost raise and social environment deterioration",and "tourism participation".Compared with other aspects,problems in "economic cost raise and social environment deterioration" are more prominent.In terms of interest orientation,pursuit degree and problems,there are differences among multiple differing stakeholders in the process of adapting to tourism development.At the same time,the conflicts among multiple differing stakeholders also have primary and secondary.
With the advancement of new urbanization and the development of tourism industry,multiple differing stakeholders to adapt to the tourism development problems and contradictions affect the degree of social harmony.Based on the questionnaire survey,using exploratory factor analysis and variance analysis,discusses problems and contradictions about farmers,self-employed households,tourism practitioners and government personnel adapt to the tourism development.The result as follows:The problem of multiple differing stakeholders adapting to tourism development is mainly divided into three aspects,namely,"economic benefit and regional development","economic cost raise and social environment deterioration",and "tourism participation".Compared with other aspects,problems in "economic cost raise and social environment deterioration" are more prominent.In terms of interest orientation,pursuit degree and problems,there are differences among multiple differing stakeholders in the process of adapting to tourism development.At the same time,the conflicts among multiple differing stakeholders also have primary and secondary.
引文
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[25]卢松,杨兴柱,唐文跃.城市居民对大型主题公园旅游影响的感知和态度——以芜湖市方特欢乐世界为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(8):45-52.
[26]Straub D W.Validating instruments in MIS research[J].Mis Quarterly,1989,13(2):147-169.
[2]崔胜辉,李旋旗,李扬,等.全球变化背景下的适应性研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(9):1088-1098.
[3]Gunderson L,Kinzig A,Quinlan A,et al.Assessing resilience in social-ecological system:work-book for practitioners[R].Resilience alliance,2010,https://www.resalliance.org.
[4]Gallopin G C.Linkages between vulnerability,resilience,and adaptive capacity[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16(3):293-303.
[5]Walker B,Salt D.Resilience thinking:sustaining ecosystem and people in a changing world[M].London:Island Press,2006.
[6]孙晶,王俊,杨新军.社会生态系统恢复力研究综述[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5371-5381.
[7]Holling C S.Understanding the complexity of economic,ecological and social system[J].Ecosystems,2001,4(5):390-405.
[8]Gunderson L H,Holling C S.Understanding transformations in human and natural system[M].Washington D C:Island Press,2002.
[9]喻忠磊.基于农户调查的旅游乡村社会—生态系统适应性研究——大秦岭旅游地金丝峡节点的实证分析[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[10]Miller F,Osbahr E,Boyd F,et al.Resilience and vulnerability:complementary or conflicting Concepts?[J].Ecology and Society,2011,15(3):11.
[11]Nelson D,Adger R N,Brown K.Adaptation to environmental change:contributions of a resilience framework[J].The Annual Review of Environment and Resources,2007,32:395-419.
[12]Olsson P,Gunderson L H,Caepenter S,et al.Shooting the rapids:navigating transitions to adaptive governance of social-ecological systems[J].Ecology and Society,2006,11(1):18.
[13]吴吉林,刘水良,周春山.乡村旅游发展背景下传统村落农户适应性研究——以张家界4个村为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(12):232-240.
[14]Turber B L.Vulnerability and resilience:Coalescing or paralleling approaches for sustainablity science?[J].Global Environmental Change,2010,20(4):570-576.
[15]Jansse M A,Ostrom E.Resilience,vulnerability,and adaptation:a cross-cutting theme of International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16(3):237-239.
[16]Chen L,Zuo T,Rasaily R G.Farmer’s adaption to climate risk in the context of China:A research on Jianghan Plain of Yangtze River Basin[J].Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia,2010,1:116-125.
[17]Jones L,Boyd E.Exploring social barriers to adaption:Insights from Western Nepal[J].Global Environmental Change,2011,21(4):1262-1274.
[18]Brooks N,Adger W N,Kelly P M.The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaption[J].Global Environmental Change,2012,22(1):223-235.
[19]冯晓龙,刘明月,霍学喜.水资源约束下专业化农户气候变化适应性行为实证研究——以陕西省663个苹果种植户为例[J].农业技术经济,2016(9):18-27.
[20]候彩霞,周立华,文岩,等.社会-生态系统视角下农户对禁牧政策的适应性——以宁夏盐池县为例[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):1-9.
[21]喻忠磊,杨新军,杨涛.乡村农户适应旅游发展的模式及影响机制——以秦岭金丝峡景区为例[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1143-1156.
[22]陈佳,张丽琼,杨新军,等.乡村旅游开发对农户生计和社区旅游效应的影响——旅游开发模式视角的案例实证[J].地理研究,2017,36(9):1709-1724.
[23]陆林,於冉,朱付彪,等.基于社会学视野的黄山市汤口镇旅游城市化特征和机制研究[J].人文地理,2010,25(6):19-24.
[24]王群,陆林,杨兴柱.旅游地社区恢复力认知测度与影响因子分析——以千岛湖为例[J].人文地理,2017,32(5):139-146.
[25]卢松,杨兴柱,唐文跃.城市居民对大型主题公园旅游影响的感知和态度——以芜湖市方特欢乐世界为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(8):45-52.
[26]Straub D W.Validating instruments in MIS research[J].Mis Quarterly,1989,13(2):147-169.