城市2种用地空气负离子与污染因子的关联性
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摘要
空气负离子浓度除受气候、植被影响外,还受空气污染影响。文章以生态用地和文教用地2种功能区4个监测点为研究对象,基于同步连续监测的空气负离子和8个空气污染因子的浓度时均值,分析空气负离子与空气污染因子浓度关联性的时间变化特征和空间差异性,探明影响空气负离子的主要污染因子。结果表明:文教用地4个季节中负离子最低浓度基本出现在上下班高峰时间段内,而生态用地无此规律;空气负离子与污染因子浓度变化的关联性冬季最为明显,春季与夏季稍小;空气负离子浓度与SO_2、NO_2、NO_x、NO、CO、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度总体呈负相关,不同监测点相关性大小为:浦东环境监测站>崇明环境监测站>明珠湖公园>东平森林公园,文教用地>生态用地,植被覆盖率较大区域的负离子浓度与空气污染物浓度的相关性最弱;文教用地与空气负离子相关性最大的污染物为PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)(r=-0.490～-0.354),其次为NO_2、NO_x(崇明环境监测站)或CO、SO_2(浦东环境监测站);生态用地空气负离子浓度与污染物时均值浓度年相关系数|r|均<0.205,呈弱相关;2种用地空气负离子与O_3浓度时均值全部呈正相关,在植被茂盛的夏季与秋季,生态用地负离子浓度与O_3浓度的相关系数大于文教用地。该结论为进一步开展空气负离子研究提供数据支撑,同时也为空气环境质量评价和生态环境政策制定提供科学依据。
In addition to the climate and vegetation,the negative air ion concentration(NAIC)is also affected by air pollution.Taking 4 monitoring points in 2 types of urban landuse of ecological and cultural as research objects,based on the houraverage concentrations of the NAIC and 8 air pollution factors monitored continuously and synchronously,the time-varying characteristics and spatial differences of them were analyzed,and the main pollution factors affecting negative air ions were identified.The results showed that the lowest NAICs in four seasons of cultural lands basically appeared in the peak period of commuting,but not in ecological lands.The relationship between the NAIC and concentration of pollution factors was most obvious in winter than spring and summer.The NAIC was negatively correlated with the concentration of SO_2,NO_2,NO_x,NO,CO,PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in general,and the correlations of those in 4 monitoring sites were as follows:Pudong Environmental Monitoring Station>Chongming Environmental Monitoring Station>Pearl Lake Park>Dongping Forest Park,and the correlation between NAIC and air pollutant concentration was the weakest in areas with large vegetation coverage.The most relevant pollutants to NAIC among 8 air pollution factors were PM_(10),PM_(2.5)(-0.490～-0.354),followed by NO_2,NO_x(Chongming Environmental Monitoring Station)or CO,SO_2(Pudong Environmental Monitoring Station).The correlation coefficients between NAIC and pollutants in ecological lands were lower than 0.205,which was weakly correlated.The NAIC and the concentration of O_3 were all positively correlated in both types of lands,especially in summer and autumn when vegetation was flourishing,the correlation coefficients in ecological lands were larger than those in cultural lands.This conclusion provides data will support for further research on air negative ions,and also provide scientific basis for air environmental quality assessment and eco-environmental policy optimization.
In addition to the climate and vegetation,the negative air ion concentration(NAIC)is also affected by air pollution.Taking 4 monitoring points in 2 types of urban landuse of ecological and cultural as research objects,based on the houraverage concentrations of the NAIC and 8 air pollution factors monitored continuously and synchronously,the time-varying characteristics and spatial differences of them were analyzed,and the main pollution factors affecting negative air ions were identified.The results showed that the lowest NAICs in four seasons of cultural lands basically appeared in the peak period of commuting,but not in ecological lands.The relationship between the NAIC and concentration of pollution factors was most obvious in winter than spring and summer.The NAIC was negatively correlated with the concentration of SO_2,NO_2,NO_x,NO,CO,PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in general,and the correlations of those in 4 monitoring sites were as follows:Pudong Environmental Monitoring Station>Chongming Environmental Monitoring Station>Pearl Lake Park>Dongping Forest Park,and the correlation between NAIC and air pollutant concentration was the weakest in areas with large vegetation coverage.The most relevant pollutants to NAIC among 8 air pollution factors were PM_(10),PM_(2.5)(-0.490～-0.354),followed by NO_2,NO_x(Chongming Environmental Monitoring Station)or CO,SO_2(Pudong Environmental Monitoring Station).The correlation coefficients between NAIC and pollutants in ecological lands were lower than 0.205,which was weakly correlated.The NAIC and the concentration of O_3 were all positively correlated in both types of lands,especially in summer and autumn when vegetation was flourishing,the correlation coefficients in ecological lands were larger than those in cultural lands.This conclusion provides data will support for further research on air negative ions,and also provide scientific basis for air environmental quality assessment and eco-environmental policy optimization.
引文
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[19]高兴,张冬有.三江平原空气负离子空间分布特征及其浓度与气候因子的相关性[J].北方园艺,2018(23):115-123.Gao Xing,Zhang Dongyou.Spatial distribution characteristics of negative air ions in the Sanjiang plain and its concentration relationship with climatic factors[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(23):115-123.
[20]杨旭升.郑州市植物园空气负离子浓度与环境因子的相关性研究[D].郑州：河南农业大学,2017.Yang Xusheng.Relatedness Between Negative Air Ion Concentration and Environmental Factors in Zhengzhou Botanical Garden[D].Zhengzhou:Agricultural University of He'nan2017.
[21]冯鹏飞,于新文,张旭.北京地区不同植被类型空气负离子浓度及其影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):818-824.Feng Pengfei,Yu Xinwen,Zhang Xu.Variations in negative air ion concentrations associated with different vegetation types and influencing factors in Beijing[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(5):818-824.
[22]王薇,陈明.城市绿地空气负离子和PM2.5浓度分布特征及其与微气候关系：以合肥天鹅湖为例[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1499-1507.Wang Wei,Chen Ming.Distribution characteristics of negative air ion and PM2.5and their relationships with the microclimate in different urban greenlands:case study of Hefei Swan Lake[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(9):1499-1507.
[23]张凤金,陈龙清,陈恒彬.厦门植物园空气负离子与PM2.5浓度分布特征[J].江西农业学报,2015(2):37-40.Zhang Jinfeng,Chen Longqing,Chen Hengbin.Distributive characteristics of negative air ions and PM2.5concentration in Xiamen botanical garden[J].Acta Agriculture Jiangxi,2015(2):37-40.
[24]吴兆波,郭强,王金良,等.置换通风下不同风速对负离子净化PM2.5的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2016(6):37-41.Wu Zhaobo,Guo Qiang,Wang Jinliang,et al.Research on the effect of different air supply velocities on the negative ions purification for PM2.5under displacement ventilation[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2016(6):37-41.
[25]贺江华,谭益民,周兰芳.室内空气负离子浓度与PM2.5、PM10浓度的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014(5):96-100.He Jianghua,Tan Yimin,Zhou Lanfang.Relationship between indoor air anion concentration and PM2.5and PM10[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2014(5):96-100.
[26]Retalis D,Pitta A,Psallidas P.The conductivity of the air and otherelectrical parameters in relation to meteorological elements and air pollution in Athens[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1991,46:197-204.
[27]Retalis D.On the relationship between small atmospheric ions concentration and smoke,sulfur dioxide and wind speed[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1977,115:575-581.
[28]房国良,高原,徐连军,等.上海市降雨变化与灾害性降雨特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1270-1273.Fang Guoliang,Gao Yuan,Xu Lianjun,et al.Analysis of precipitation change and the characteristics of disaster rainfalls in Shanghai[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangze Basin,2012,21(10):1270-1273.
[29]时立文.SPSS 19.0统计分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014:146-147.Shi Liwen.SPSS 19.0 Statistics and Analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014:146-147.
[30]Shargawi J M,Theaker E D,Drucker D B,et al.Sensitivity of Candida albicans to negative air ion streams[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,1999,87(6):889-897.
[31]Shargawi J,Drucker D,Duxbury A.Relationship between ozone,negative air ions and anti-candidal effects[J].Journal of Dental Research,1996,75:2664-2664.
[32]Li S N,Lu S W,Chen B,et al.Distribution characteristics and law of negative air ions in typical garden flora areas of Beijing[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(2):1239-1246.
[33]Wang F,Li B,Zhou Y.Relationship between the negative air ion concentration and the meteorological factors in the urban forest park[J].Journal of North-East Forestry University,2016,44(2):18-20,38.
[34]Wang J,Li S H.Changes in negative air ions concentration under different light intensities and development of a model to relate light intensity to directional change[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(8):2746-2754.
[35]尹俊光.上海市公园空气负离子浓度的时空格局及其影响因素[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.Yin Junguang.Study of Spatial-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Air Anion Concentrations in Parks of Shanghai[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2010.
[36]李印颖.植物与空气负离子关系的研究[D].西安：西北农林科技大学,2007.Li Yinying.Study of Relation of Plants and Air Negetive Ions[D].Xi'an:Northwest A&F University,2007.
[2]Dos Santos V N,Herrmann E,Manninen H E,et al.Variability of air ion concentrations in urban Paris[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(23):13717-13737.
[3]Retalis A,Nastos P,Retalis D.Study of small ions concentration in the air above Athens,Greece[J].Atmospheric Research,2009,91(2/3/4):219-228.
[4]Alfredo K,Montalto F,Goldstein A.Observed and modeled performances of prototype green roof test plots subjected to simulated low-and high-intensity precipitations in a laboratory experiment[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2010,15(6):444-457.
[5]Voeikov V L.Ultra-low luminescence of humid air and its possible role in negative air ion therapy[J].Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,2008,46(5):322-329.
[6]Nimmerichter A,Holdhaus J,Mehnen L,et al.Effects of negative air ions on oxygen uptake kinetics,recovery and performance in exercise:a randomized,double-blinded study[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2014,58(7):1503-1512.
[7]Sawant V S,Meena G S,Jadhav D B.Effect of negative air ions on fog and smoke[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2012,12(5):1007-1015.
[8]Lai C M,Pan M H,Yang M J,et al.Study and Development of a Negative Ion Driving Circuit with 8 kv/4 kv Dual-output for Air Purifier[C].Ieee 17th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics.New York:Ieee,2013:39-40.
[9]Skromulis A,Noviks G.Atmospheric light air ion concentrations and related meteorologic factors in Rezekne City,Latvia[J].Journal of Environmental Biology,2012,33(2):455-462.
[10]Chen L R,Wu C H,Yang C M,et al.Design of a vehicle negative ions generating circuit[J].International Review of Electrical Engineering-Iree,2010,5(6):2657-2663.
[11]Pawar S D.Pollution index and air ion variation in winter season at urban station sangli india in:lekkas t d,(ed).Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology[J].Athens:Global Nest,Secretariat,2013.
[12]Pawar S D,Meena G S,Jadhav D B.Air ion variation at poultry-farm,coastal,mountain,rural and urban sites in India[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2012,12(3):444-455.
[13]Retalis D,Retalis A.The atmospheric electric field in Athens-Greece[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1997,63(3/4):235-241.
[14]Tikhonov V P,Tsvetkov V D,Litvinova E G,et al.Generation of negative air ions by plants upon pulsed electrical stimulation applied to soil[J].Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,51(3):414-419.
[15]李伟,王经业,陆勇,等.大气负离子自动测报仪的研制[J].气象科技,2008(6):834-836.Li Wei,Wang Jingye,Lu Yong,et al.Development of automatic air negative ion observation instrument[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2008(6):834-836.
[16]Pawar S D,Meena G S,Jadhav D B.Week day and week end air ion variability at rural station ramanandnagar(17 degrees 4'N,74 degrees 25'E),INDIA[J].Global Nest Journal,2011,13(1):65-73.
[17]周海博,李彦鹏.西安市近地层空气离子与环境因子的关系研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):85-88.Zhou Haibo,Li Yanpeng.Relationship between air ion and environmental factors near surface layer in Xi'an[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(10):85-88.
[18]袁相洋,孙迎雪,田媛,等.北京市不同功能区空气负氧离子及影响因素研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(6):97-102.Yuan Xiangyang,Sun Yingxue,Tian Yuan,et al.Experimental research of air negative oxygen ion and their affecting factors in different ecological functional areas of Beijing[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(6):97-102.
[19]高兴,张冬有.三江平原空气负离子空间分布特征及其浓度与气候因子的相关性[J].北方园艺,2018(23):115-123.Gao Xing,Zhang Dongyou.Spatial distribution characteristics of negative air ions in the Sanjiang plain and its concentration relationship with climatic factors[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(23):115-123.
[20]杨旭升.郑州市植物园空气负离子浓度与环境因子的相关性研究[D].郑州：河南农业大学,2017.Yang Xusheng.Relatedness Between Negative Air Ion Concentration and Environmental Factors in Zhengzhou Botanical Garden[D].Zhengzhou:Agricultural University of He'nan2017.
[21]冯鹏飞,于新文,张旭.北京地区不同植被类型空气负离子浓度及其影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):818-824.Feng Pengfei,Yu Xinwen,Zhang Xu.Variations in negative air ion concentrations associated with different vegetation types and influencing factors in Beijing[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(5):818-824.
[22]王薇,陈明.城市绿地空气负离子和PM2.5浓度分布特征及其与微气候关系：以合肥天鹅湖为例[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1499-1507.Wang Wei,Chen Ming.Distribution characteristics of negative air ion and PM2.5and their relationships with the microclimate in different urban greenlands:case study of Hefei Swan Lake[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(9):1499-1507.
[23]张凤金,陈龙清,陈恒彬.厦门植物园空气负离子与PM2.5浓度分布特征[J].江西农业学报,2015(2):37-40.Zhang Jinfeng,Chen Longqing,Chen Hengbin.Distributive characteristics of negative air ions and PM2.5concentration in Xiamen botanical garden[J].Acta Agriculture Jiangxi,2015(2):37-40.
[24]吴兆波,郭强,王金良,等.置换通风下不同风速对负离子净化PM2.5的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2016(6):37-41.Wu Zhaobo,Guo Qiang,Wang Jinliang,et al.Research on the effect of different air supply velocities on the negative ions purification for PM2.5under displacement ventilation[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2016(6):37-41.
[25]贺江华,谭益民,周兰芳.室内空气负离子浓度与PM2.5、PM10浓度的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014(5):96-100.He Jianghua,Tan Yimin,Zhou Lanfang.Relationship between indoor air anion concentration and PM2.5and PM10[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2014(5):96-100.
[26]Retalis D,Pitta A,Psallidas P.The conductivity of the air and otherelectrical parameters in relation to meteorological elements and air pollution in Athens[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1991,46:197-204.
[27]Retalis D.On the relationship between small atmospheric ions concentration and smoke,sulfur dioxide and wind speed[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1977,115:575-581.
[28]房国良,高原,徐连军,等.上海市降雨变化与灾害性降雨特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1270-1273.Fang Guoliang,Gao Yuan,Xu Lianjun,et al.Analysis of precipitation change and the characteristics of disaster rainfalls in Shanghai[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangze Basin,2012,21(10):1270-1273.
[29]时立文.SPSS 19.0统计分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014:146-147.Shi Liwen.SPSS 19.0 Statistics and Analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014:146-147.
[30]Shargawi J M,Theaker E D,Drucker D B,et al.Sensitivity of Candida albicans to negative air ion streams[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,1999,87(6):889-897.
[31]Shargawi J,Drucker D,Duxbury A.Relationship between ozone,negative air ions and anti-candidal effects[J].Journal of Dental Research,1996,75:2664-2664.
[32]Li S N,Lu S W,Chen B,et al.Distribution characteristics and law of negative air ions in typical garden flora areas of Beijing[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(2):1239-1246.
[33]Wang F,Li B,Zhou Y.Relationship between the negative air ion concentration and the meteorological factors in the urban forest park[J].Journal of North-East Forestry University,2016,44(2):18-20,38.
[34]Wang J,Li S H.Changes in negative air ions concentration under different light intensities and development of a model to relate light intensity to directional change[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(8):2746-2754.
[35]尹俊光.上海市公园空气负离子浓度的时空格局及其影响因素[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.Yin Junguang.Study of Spatial-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Air Anion Concentrations in Parks of Shanghai[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2010.
[36]李印颖.植物与空气负离子关系的研究[D].西安：西北农林科技大学,2007.Li Yinying.Study of Relation of Plants and Air Negetive Ions[D].Xi'an:Northwest A&F University,2007.