可降解地膜对花生生长发育影响及残留情况研究
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摘要
近年来,可降解地膜推广面积逐年扩大,但性能参差不齐,针对可降解地膜对作物生长发育及残留情况的系统研究较少。笔者采用对比试验和全生育期跟踪监测的方法,在花生上开展了不同类型可降解地膜对比试验,初步掌握了不同可降解地膜对花生生长发育的影响以及地膜残留情况。结果表明:普通地膜和氧化生物双降解地膜在保墒性能上表现更优异,可降解地膜在诱导期内的保温效果略优于普通地膜,产量有不同程度提升,残留率明显偏低,但降解特性差别较大,诱导期长短不一,氧化生物双降解地膜降解不稳定、速度不一致,个别全生物降解地膜诱导期较短作用不明显,4种降解地膜统一呈现出诱导期越长花生产量越高和畦面部分降解较快、覆土部分降解很慢的现象。
In recent years, the area of biodegradable mulch film is expanding year by year, but the performance of various types of biodegradable mulch film is uneven, and there is insufficient systematic research concerning the effect of degradable plastic film on crop growth, development and its residue. With the method of contrast test and whole-growth period follow-up monitoring, the authors carried out a comparative experiment on different types of biodegradable plastic mulch, and preliminarily grasped the influence of different biodegradable plastic mulch on the growth and development of peanut and its residues. The results showed that the soil moisture conservation capacity of ordinary plastic film and oxidized biodegradable plastic film was much better, and the insulation effect of degradable mulch film in the induction period of thermal was slightly better than that of the ordinary film, with output more or less increased, and its residual rate was obviously reduced. The degradation characteristic was not the same, and the induction period length was also different.Moreover, the degradation rate of oxidized biodegradable plastic film was unstable and inconsistent, the effect of some full degradable mulch was not obvious with short induction period. The four degradable plastic films showed that the longer the induction period, the higher the peanut yield was, leading to a phenomenon that the degradation of the border part was faster while the degradation of the covering part was slower.
In recent years, the area of biodegradable mulch film is expanding year by year, but the performance of various types of biodegradable mulch film is uneven, and there is insufficient systematic research concerning the effect of degradable plastic film on crop growth, development and its residue. With the method of contrast test and whole-growth period follow-up monitoring, the authors carried out a comparative experiment on different types of biodegradable plastic mulch, and preliminarily grasped the influence of different biodegradable plastic mulch on the growth and development of peanut and its residues. The results showed that the soil moisture conservation capacity of ordinary plastic film and oxidized biodegradable plastic film was much better, and the insulation effect of degradable mulch film in the induction period of thermal was slightly better than that of the ordinary film, with output more or less increased, and its residual rate was obviously reduced. The degradation characteristic was not the same, and the induction period length was also different.Moreover, the degradation rate of oxidized biodegradable plastic film was unstable and inconsistent, the effect of some full degradable mulch was not obvious with short induction period. The four degradable plastic films showed that the longer the induction period, the higher the peanut yield was, leading to a phenomenon that the degradation of the border part was faster while the degradation of the covering part was slower.
引文
[1]代亚妮,卫引菊,王海燕.降解地膜是农用塑料膜发展的必然趋势[J].陕西农业科学,2003(6):32-34.
[2]严昌荣,刘恩科,舒帆,等.我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):95-102.
[3] 2016年中国可降解地膜市场调查研究与发展趋势预测报告[R].中国产业调研网,2016.
[4]杨玉娇,黄占斌,闫玉敏,等.可降解地膜覆盖对土壤温度和玉米成苗的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊):010-014.
[5]兰印超,申丽霞,李若帆.不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度及水分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(12):120-126.
[6]张永明.可降解地膜覆盖玉米试验[J].甘肃农业,2006(1):207-208.
[7]王鑫,胥国宾,任志刚,等.无公害可降解地膜对玉米生长及土壤环境的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2007,15(1):78-81.
[8]王星,吕家珑,孙本华,等.覆盖可降解地膜对玉米生长和土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(4):397-401.
[9]温善菊,伍维模,战勇,等.四种可降解地膜降解特性的比较研究[J].塔里木大学学报,2012,24(1):1-6.
[10]温善菊,伍维模,战勇,等.可降解地膜的生物降解作用研究[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(6):71-74.
[11]李学凯,吕延波,种法政,等.可降解地膜的降解性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(11):48-49.
[12]庞买只.生物降解地膜应用浅谈[J].新材料产业,2015(5):53-57.
[13]陈明周.浅谈影响甘蔗光降解地膜降解的因素[J].甘蔗糖业,2000(3):15-21.
[14]吕江南,王朝云,易永健.农用薄膜应用现状及可降解农膜研究进展[J].中国麻业科学,2007,29(3):150-157.
[15]陈和生,孙振亚.生物降解塑料的研究进展[J].塑料科技,2000,138(4):36-39.
[16]张树人,赵兰珍.吉林省地膜应用与残留污染情况的调查[J].吉林农业科学,1991(2):79-83.
[17]李秋洪.论农田“白色污染”的防治技术[J].农业环境与发展,1997(2):17-19.
[18]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.
[19]严昌荣,王序俭,何文清,等.新疆石河子地区棉田土壤中地膜残留研究[J].生态学报,2008(7):3470-3474.
[20]马辉,梅旭荣,严昌荣,等.华北典型农区棉田土壤中地膜残留特点研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(2):570-573.
[2]严昌荣,刘恩科,舒帆,等.我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):95-102.
[3] 2016年中国可降解地膜市场调查研究与发展趋势预测报告[R].中国产业调研网,2016.
[4]杨玉娇,黄占斌,闫玉敏,等.可降解地膜覆盖对土壤温度和玉米成苗的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊):010-014.
[5]兰印超,申丽霞,李若帆.不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度及水分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(12):120-126.
[6]张永明.可降解地膜覆盖玉米试验[J].甘肃农业,2006(1):207-208.
[7]王鑫,胥国宾,任志刚,等.无公害可降解地膜对玉米生长及土壤环境的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2007,15(1):78-81.
[8]王星,吕家珑,孙本华,等.覆盖可降解地膜对玉米生长和土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(4):397-401.
[9]温善菊,伍维模,战勇,等.四种可降解地膜降解特性的比较研究[J].塔里木大学学报,2012,24(1):1-6.
[10]温善菊,伍维模,战勇,等.可降解地膜的生物降解作用研究[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(6):71-74.
[11]李学凯,吕延波,种法政,等.可降解地膜的降解性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(11):48-49.
[12]庞买只.生物降解地膜应用浅谈[J].新材料产业,2015(5):53-57.
[13]陈明周.浅谈影响甘蔗光降解地膜降解的因素[J].甘蔗糖业,2000(3):15-21.
[14]吕江南,王朝云,易永健.农用薄膜应用现状及可降解农膜研究进展[J].中国麻业科学,2007,29(3):150-157.
[15]陈和生,孙振亚.生物降解塑料的研究进展[J].塑料科技,2000,138(4):36-39.
[16]张树人,赵兰珍.吉林省地膜应用与残留污染情况的调查[J].吉林农业科学,1991(2):79-83.
[17]李秋洪.论农田“白色污染”的防治技术[J].农业环境与发展,1997(2):17-19.
[18]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.
[19]严昌荣,王序俭,何文清,等.新疆石河子地区棉田土壤中地膜残留研究[J].生态学报,2008(7):3470-3474.
[20]马辉,梅旭荣,严昌荣,等.华北典型农区棉田土壤中地膜残留特点研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(2):570-573.
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