河西干旱区植被覆盖度时空格局分析
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摘要
以河西地区草地植被为研究对象,基于长时间序列的MODIS和野外实测数据,探讨了现有的3种植被覆盖度反演模型在研究区的适用性,并以此为基础分析了2001–2015年河西地区草地植被覆盖度时空分布特征。研究结果表明,基于TVI的经验模型能够在大范围内较好地估算植被覆盖度;河西地区草地生长季植被最大覆盖度空间分布差异明显,植被覆盖度由东南向西北逐渐降低;2001–2015年间研究区植被覆盖度总体上呈现出极显著增加的趋势(P <0.01),但在空间分布上存在一定的异质性;植被恢复的区域主要集中在中、西部地区;退化草地零星分布在马鬃山北部、石羊河流域西部以及祁连山东段地区。
Taking grassland vegetation as the research object, we examined the applicability of three types of existing vegetation fractional coverage estimation method in arid areas based on long-time series MODIS and field measured data in the Hexi arid area. To this end, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland vegetation fractional coverage in the test area from 2001 to 2015. The results indicated that an empirical model between the index TVI and vegetation fractional coverage had the highest precision, and is thus considered suitable for estimating the vegetation fractional coverage in the study area. The spatial distributions of the maximum vegetation coverage of grassland were significantly different, and the vegetation coverage decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. Overall, there was an extremely significant increase in vegetation coverage during the period from 2001 to 2015, albeit with spatial heterogeneity(P < 0.01). Restored areas were mainly concentrated in the central and western regions of the Hexi arid area, whereas degraded areas were scattered in the northern part of Mazong Mountain, the western region of the Shiyang River basin, and the east section of the Qilian Mountains.
Taking grassland vegetation as the research object, we examined the applicability of three types of existing vegetation fractional coverage estimation method in arid areas based on long-time series MODIS and field measured data in the Hexi arid area. To this end, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland vegetation fractional coverage in the test area from 2001 to 2015. The results indicated that an empirical model between the index TVI and vegetation fractional coverage had the highest precision, and is thus considered suitable for estimating the vegetation fractional coverage in the study area. The spatial distributions of the maximum vegetation coverage of grassland were significantly different, and the vegetation coverage decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. Overall, there was an extremely significant increase in vegetation coverage during the period from 2001 to 2015, albeit with spatial heterogeneity(P < 0.01). Restored areas were mainly concentrated in the central and western regions of the Hexi arid area, whereas degraded areas were scattered in the northern part of Mazong Mountain, the western region of the Shiyang River basin, and the east section of the Qilian Mountains.
引文
[1]李晓松,李增元,高志海,白黎娜,王琫瑜,李世明.基于Hyperion植被指数的干旱地区稀疏植被覆盖度估测.北京林业大学学报,2010,32(3):95-100.LI X S,LI Z Y,GAO Z H,BAI L N,WANG B Y,LI S M.Estimation of sparse vegetation cover in arid regions based on vegetation indices derived from Hyperion data.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2010,32(3):95-100.
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[13]杨静雅,李新国,闫凯,刘彬.基于遥感与像元二分模型的新疆和静县草地植被覆盖度时空变化特征研究.西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):210-217.YANG J Y,LI X G,YAN K,LIU B.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of grassland vegetation coverage in Hejing of Xinjiang based on remote sensing and dimidiate pixel model.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):210-217.
[14]仲嘉亮,麦地娜·买买提,潘迪.基于遥感和像元二分模型的新疆植被覆盖度格局动态监测.干旱环境监测,2017,31(3):132-138.ZHONG J L,Maidina·Maimaiti,PAN D.Dynamic monitoring of vegetation coverage pattern in Xinjiang based on remote sensing and pixel dividing model.Arid Environmental Monitoring,2017,31(3):132-138.
[15]滑永春,李增元,高志海.2001年以来甘肃民勤植被覆盖变化分析.干旱区研究,2017,34(2):337-343.HUA Y C,LI Z Y,GAO Z H.Variation of vegetation coverage in Minqin County since 2001.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):337-343.
[16]张颖,章超斌,王钊齐,杨悦,李建龙.三江源1982-2012年草地植被覆盖度动态及其对气候变化的响应.草业科学,2017,34(10):1977-1990.ZHANG Y,ZHANG C B,WANG Z Q,YANG Y,LI J L.Spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland coverage in response to climate change from 1982 to 2012 in the Three Rivers Source Region,China.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):1977-1990.
[17]唐世浩,朱启疆,周宇宇,白香花.一种简单的估算植被覆盖度和恢复背景信息的方法.中国图象图形学报,2003,8(11):1304-1308.TANG S H,ZHU Q J,ZHOU Y Y,BAI X H.A simple method to estimate crown cover fraction and rebuild the background in formation.Journal of Image and Graphics,2003,8(11):1304-1308.
[18]古丽·加帕尔,陈曦,包安明.干旱区荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度提取及尺度扩展效应.应用生态学报,2009,20(12):2925-2934.Guli·Jiapaer,CHEN X,BAO A M.Coverage extraction and up-scaling of spare desert vegetation in arid area.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(12):2925-2934.
[19]李向婷,白洁,李光录,罗格平,古丽·加帕尔,李均力.新疆荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度信息遥感提取方法比较.干旱区地理,2013,36(3):502-511.LI X T,BAI J,LI G L,LUO G P,Guli·Jiapaer,LI J L.Comparison of methods based on MODIS for estimating sparse vegetation fraction across desert in Xinjiang.Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):502-511.
[20]刘春静,张丽,周宇,张炳华,侯小丽.中国新疆及中亚五国干旱区草地覆盖度反演与分析.草业科学,2016,33(5):861-870.LIU C J,ZHANG L,ZHOU Y,ZHANG B H,HOU X L.Retrieval and analysis of grassland coverage in arid Xinjiang,China and five countries of Central Asia.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(5):861-870.
[21]谢秋霞,孙林,韦晶,李秀瑞.基于遥感估算方法的干旱区植被覆盖度适应性评价.生态学杂志,2016,35(4):1117-1124.XIE Q X,SUN L,WEI J,LI X R.Adaptive evaluation of vegetation coverage estimation in arid region based on remote sensing technology.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(4):1117-1124.
[22]李艺梦,祁元,马明国.基于Landsat 8影像的额济纳荒漠绿洲植被覆盖度估算方法对比研究.遥感技术与应用,2016,31(3):590-598.LI Y M,QI Y,MA M G.The contrast research of estimating vegetation fraction coverage in the Ejina Oasis based on Landsat 8images.Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(3):590-598.
[23]郭辉,黄粤,李向义,包安明,宋洋,孟凡浩.基于多尺度遥感数据的塔里木河干流地区植被覆盖动态.中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1472-1480.GUO H,HUANG Y,LI X Y,BAO A M,SONG Y,MENG F H.Dynamic changes of fractional vegetation cover along the mainstream of the Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(5):1472-1480.
[24]赵铭石.25a来黑河流域NDVI的时空演变与气候响应.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2012.ZHAO M S.The vegetation change and its relationship with meteorological factors in Heihe river basin during the recent 25 years.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012.
[25]杨雪梅.气候变暖背景下河西地区荒漠植被变化研究(1982-2013).兰州:兰州大学博士学位论文,2015.YANG X M.Spatial-temporal variations of desert vegetation and its response to climate change in Hexi area during 1982-2013.PhD Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2015.
[2]陈建军,宜树华,任世龙,秦彧,王晓云.疏勒河上游高寒草地植被盖度反演及精度评价.草业科学,2014,31(1):56-65.CHEN J J,YI S H,REN S L,QIN Y,WANG X Y.Retrieval of fractional vegetation cover of alpine grassland and the efficiency of remote sensing retrieval in the upper of Shule River Basin.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(1):56-65.
[3]PUREVDORJ T S,TATEISHI R,ISHIYAMA T,HONDA Y.Relationships between percent vegetation cover and vegetation indices.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19:3519-3535.
[4]BARATI S,RAYEGANI B,SAATI M,SHARIFI A,NASRI M.Comparison the accuracies of different spectral indices for estimation of vegetation cover fraction in sparse vegetated areas.Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing&Space Science,2011,14:49-56.
[5]郭玉川,何英,李霞.基于MODIS的干旱区植被覆盖度反演及植被指数优选.国土资源遥感,2011,23(2):115-118.GUO Y C,HE Y,LI X.Remote sensing inversion of vegetation coverage and optimization of vegetation index based on MODISdata in Arid Area.Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2011,23(2):115-118.
[6]包刚,包玉海,覃志豪,周义,黄明祥,张宏斌.高光谱植被覆盖度遥感估算研究.自然资源学报,2013,28(7):1243-1254.BAO G,BAO Y H,QIN Z H,ZHOU Y,HUANG M X,ZHANG H B.Hyper spectral remote sensing estimation for the vegetation cover.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(7):1243-1254.
[7]WU J J,GAO Z H,LI Z Y,WANG H Y,PANG Y,SUN B,LI C L,LI X Z,ZHANG J X.Estimation for sparse vegetation information in desertification region based on Tiangong-1 Hyperspectral Image.Spectroscopy&Spectral Analysis,2014,34:751-756.
[8]孟宝平,崔霞,杨淑霞,高金龙,胡远宁,陈思宇,梁天刚.基于Landsat 8 OLI和MODIS数据的高寒草地盖度升尺度效应研究:以夏河县桑科草原试验区为例.草业学报,2016,25(7):1-12.MENG B P,CUI X,YANG S X,GAO J L,HU Y N,CHEN S Y,LIANG T G.Scaling-up methodology for alpine grassland coverage monitoring based on Landsat 8 OLI and MODIS remote sensing data:A case study in Xiahe Sangke grassland.Pratacultural Science,2016,25(7):1-12.
[9]林茜,郭飞,黄昌春,杨雪峰.基于MODIS的植被指数对估测塔里木河中下游植被盖度的适用性.草业科学,2016,33(12):2434-2441.LIN X,GUO F,HUANG C C,YANG X F.The applicability of VIs from MODIS in estimating vegetation cover in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(12):2434-2441.
[10]宋清洁,崔霞,张瑶瑶,孟宝平,高金龙,向宇轩.基于小型无人机与MODIS数据的草地植被覆盖度研究:以甘南州为例.草业科学,2017,34(1):40-50.SONG Q J,CUI X,ZHANG Y Y,MENG B P,GAO J L,XIANG Y X.Grassland fractional vegetation cover analysis using small UVAs and MODIS:A case study in Gannan Prefecture.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(1):40-50.
[11]CHOKU C,KARNIELI A.A review of mixture modeling techniques for subpixel land cover estimation.Remote Sensing Reviews,1996,13:161-186.
[12]马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,张学利.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化.地理科学,2012,32(2):251-256.MA N,HU Y F,ZHUANG D F,ZHANG X L.Vegetation coverage distribution and its changes in Plan Blue Banner based on remote sensing data and dimidiate pixel model.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):251-256.
[13]杨静雅,李新国,闫凯,刘彬.基于遥感与像元二分模型的新疆和静县草地植被覆盖度时空变化特征研究.西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):210-217.YANG J Y,LI X G,YAN K,LIU B.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of grassland vegetation coverage in Hejing of Xinjiang based on remote sensing and dimidiate pixel model.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):210-217.
[14]仲嘉亮,麦地娜·买买提,潘迪.基于遥感和像元二分模型的新疆植被覆盖度格局动态监测.干旱环境监测,2017,31(3):132-138.ZHONG J L,Maidina·Maimaiti,PAN D.Dynamic monitoring of vegetation coverage pattern in Xinjiang based on remote sensing and pixel dividing model.Arid Environmental Monitoring,2017,31(3):132-138.
[15]滑永春,李增元,高志海.2001年以来甘肃民勤植被覆盖变化分析.干旱区研究,2017,34(2):337-343.HUA Y C,LI Z Y,GAO Z H.Variation of vegetation coverage in Minqin County since 2001.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):337-343.
[16]张颖,章超斌,王钊齐,杨悦,李建龙.三江源1982-2012年草地植被覆盖度动态及其对气候变化的响应.草业科学,2017,34(10):1977-1990.ZHANG Y,ZHANG C B,WANG Z Q,YANG Y,LI J L.Spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland coverage in response to climate change from 1982 to 2012 in the Three Rivers Source Region,China.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):1977-1990.
[17]唐世浩,朱启疆,周宇宇,白香花.一种简单的估算植被覆盖度和恢复背景信息的方法.中国图象图形学报,2003,8(11):1304-1308.TANG S H,ZHU Q J,ZHOU Y Y,BAI X H.A simple method to estimate crown cover fraction and rebuild the background in formation.Journal of Image and Graphics,2003,8(11):1304-1308.
[18]古丽·加帕尔,陈曦,包安明.干旱区荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度提取及尺度扩展效应.应用生态学报,2009,20(12):2925-2934.Guli·Jiapaer,CHEN X,BAO A M.Coverage extraction and up-scaling of spare desert vegetation in arid area.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(12):2925-2934.
[19]李向婷,白洁,李光录,罗格平,古丽·加帕尔,李均力.新疆荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度信息遥感提取方法比较.干旱区地理,2013,36(3):502-511.LI X T,BAI J,LI G L,LUO G P,Guli·Jiapaer,LI J L.Comparison of methods based on MODIS for estimating sparse vegetation fraction across desert in Xinjiang.Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):502-511.
[20]刘春静,张丽,周宇,张炳华,侯小丽.中国新疆及中亚五国干旱区草地覆盖度反演与分析.草业科学,2016,33(5):861-870.LIU C J,ZHANG L,ZHOU Y,ZHANG B H,HOU X L.Retrieval and analysis of grassland coverage in arid Xinjiang,China and five countries of Central Asia.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(5):861-870.
[21]谢秋霞,孙林,韦晶,李秀瑞.基于遥感估算方法的干旱区植被覆盖度适应性评价.生态学杂志,2016,35(4):1117-1124.XIE Q X,SUN L,WEI J,LI X R.Adaptive evaluation of vegetation coverage estimation in arid region based on remote sensing technology.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(4):1117-1124.
[22]李艺梦,祁元,马明国.基于Landsat 8影像的额济纳荒漠绿洲植被覆盖度估算方法对比研究.遥感技术与应用,2016,31(3):590-598.LI Y M,QI Y,MA M G.The contrast research of estimating vegetation fraction coverage in the Ejina Oasis based on Landsat 8images.Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(3):590-598.
[23]郭辉,黄粤,李向义,包安明,宋洋,孟凡浩.基于多尺度遥感数据的塔里木河干流地区植被覆盖动态.中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1472-1480.GUO H,HUANG Y,LI X Y,BAO A M,SONG Y,MENG F H.Dynamic changes of fractional vegetation cover along the mainstream of the Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(5):1472-1480.
[24]赵铭石.25a来黑河流域NDVI的时空演变与气候响应.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2012.ZHAO M S.The vegetation change and its relationship with meteorological factors in Heihe river basin during the recent 25 years.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012.
[25]杨雪梅.气候变暖背景下河西地区荒漠植被变化研究(1982-2013).兰州:兰州大学博士学位论文,2015.YANG X M.Spatial-temporal variations of desert vegetation and its response to climate change in Hexi area during 1982-2013.PhD Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2015.
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