美国高校生态学专业的课程设置及人才培养特点
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摘要
生态学现已成为一门宏观与微观相结合、多学科交叉的综合学科。美国高校的生态学专业注重生态学相关理论和分析方法、实验技能及应用的系统培养,课程设置也充分体现这一特点。以美国佐治亚大学、加州大学戴维斯分校和芝加哥大学的生态学专业为例,主要表现在:开设的学科交叉复合课程多、在课程设置上遵循循序渐进的原则,注重课程梯度;研讨类课程较多;倡导实行主辅修制,强化实践教学、提高学生实践和研究能力等方面。这些做法可为我国高校在生态学专业建设和人才培养过程中提供参考。
Ecology is a multidisciplinary course based on the combination of macroscopical and microcosmic methods.Systematical training in ecological theories and analytical approaches as well as experimental skills and application are greatly concerned for curriculum provision of ecology specialty in USA universities and colleges. Taking three universities,i.e, University of Georgia, University of California-Davis, and University of Chicago as examples, the main characteristics of ecology courses may be:(1) Many interdisciplinary courses are offered, especially for the honorary students.(2) Curricular provision follows the principle of "step by step" and grade-designed practice teaching system is focused.(3) More seminar courses are included.(4) The major-minor system is established and advocated.(5) Practical Teaching is strengthened for improvement of students' practice and research ability. These practices and experiences are of reference value to construction and talents training of the ecology specialty in China colleges and universities.
Ecology is a multidisciplinary course based on the combination of macroscopical and microcosmic methods.Systematical training in ecological theories and analytical approaches as well as experimental skills and application are greatly concerned for curriculum provision of ecology specialty in USA universities and colleges. Taking three universities,i.e, University of Georgia, University of California-Davis, and University of Chicago as examples, the main characteristics of ecology courses may be:(1) Many interdisciplinary courses are offered, especially for the honorary students.(2) Curricular provision follows the principle of "step by step" and grade-designed practice teaching system is focused.(3) More seminar courses are included.(4) The major-minor system is established and advocated.(5) Practical Teaching is strengthened for improvement of students' practice and research ability. These practices and experiences are of reference value to construction and talents training of the ecology specialty in China colleges and universities.
引文
[1]王健胜,侯桂玲,刘沛松,等.基于科学研究的生态学教学改革初探[J].教育教学论坛,2013,(33):57-59
[2]朱先进,赵天宏.新时期高等院校生态学专业课程体系构建研究[J].教育教学论坛,2017,(23):169-170.
[3]章家恩,骆世明,秦钟,等.我国高校生态学专业建设与人才培养方向探讨[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1630-1634
[4]董全,李晓军.面向21世纪的西方生态学[J].科技导报,1996,(2):14-17.
[5]陈书涛,胡正华.中美高校生态学课程教学模式比较研究[J].科技信息,2012,(8):4-5.
[6]柳橙网.2015世界大学生态学专业排名《美国新闻与世界报道》[EB/OL].http://www.51liucheng.com/Universityrankings/1f1743d.html.
[7]MARTEN G G.Human ecology:Basic concepts for sustainable development[M].Routledge,2010.
[8]LéVêQUE C.Ecology:from ecosystem to biosphere[M].CRC Press,2003.
[9]MCMAHON K D,MARTIN H G,HUGENHOLTZ P.Integrating ecology into biotechnology[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2007,18(3):287-292.
[10]SMITH T M,SMITH R L.Elements of ecology(9th Edition)[M].San Francisco:Benjamin Cummings,2012.
[11]乔连全,王佳慧.美国佐治亚大学的课程设置与教学革新[J].教育与考试,2017,(3):76-80.
[12]陈文斌,刘学.芝加哥大学的学科建设特点与经验解析[J].中国农业教育,2007,(2):21-22.
[13]杨维新.美国生态学专业名校Top10[J].新东方英语(中英文版),2010,(6):66-69.
[2]朱先进,赵天宏.新时期高等院校生态学专业课程体系构建研究[J].教育教学论坛,2017,(23):169-170.
[3]章家恩,骆世明,秦钟,等.我国高校生态学专业建设与人才培养方向探讨[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1630-1634
[4]董全,李晓军.面向21世纪的西方生态学[J].科技导报,1996,(2):14-17.
[5]陈书涛,胡正华.中美高校生态学课程教学模式比较研究[J].科技信息,2012,(8):4-5.
[6]柳橙网.2015世界大学生态学专业排名《美国新闻与世界报道》[EB/OL].http://www.51liucheng.com/Universityrankings/1f1743d.html.
[7]MARTEN G G.Human ecology:Basic concepts for sustainable development[M].Routledge,2010.
[8]LéVêQUE C.Ecology:from ecosystem to biosphere[M].CRC Press,2003.
[9]MCMAHON K D,MARTIN H G,HUGENHOLTZ P.Integrating ecology into biotechnology[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2007,18(3):287-292.
[10]SMITH T M,SMITH R L.Elements of ecology(9th Edition)[M].San Francisco:Benjamin Cummings,2012.
[11]乔连全,王佳慧.美国佐治亚大学的课程设置与教学革新[J].教育与考试,2017,(3):76-80.
[12]陈文斌,刘学.芝加哥大学的学科建设特点与经验解析[J].中国农业教育,2007,(2):21-22.
[13]杨维新.美国生态学专业名校Top10[J].新东方英语(中英文版),2010,(6):66-69.
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