长江中游地区生态系统服务价值空间分异及敏感性分析
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摘要
生态系统功能的不断退化是人类当前面临的一个共同挑战,是全球可持续发展研究的焦点问题。长江中游地区生态环境保护对于构建中国生态安全格局具有重要作用,为了深入分析长江中游地区土地利用活动对生态系统功能的干扰程度,基于长江中游地区生态系统服务价值评价结果,采用土地利用变化生态贡献度和生态系统服务价值敏感性方法进行测度。研究结果表明:(1)研究期间长江中游地区地均生态系统服务价值经历了"先增加后降低"的变化过程,山区地均生态系统服务价值高于平原地区、城市群地区、大城市周边县区以及主要交通道路沿线地区,长江中游地区生态系统服务价值总体变化呈现"两纵三横"的空间分布格局;(2)1995-2015年间退耕还林、还水、还湿是长江中游地区生态系统改善的主要原因,毁林开荒、围湖造田以及建设用地对林地和耕地的占用是长江中游地区生态系统恶化的主要原因;(3)食物生产、原材料生产、气体调节、土壤保持和维持生物多样性等五种类型生态系统功能敏感性有所增加,其他类型生态系统功能敏感性逐渐减弱。研究结果可为长江中游地区生态环境保护,保障生态系统服务各项子功能的持续供给提供科学指导。
The continuous degradation of ecosystem services is a common challenge facing human-beings, and it is the focus of global sustainable development research. The ecological environmental protection in the Middle Yangtze River region is of great significance to the construction of ecological security pattern in China. In order to deeply analyze the interference degree of land use activities to ecosystem services value(ESV) in the Middle Yangtze River region, it is necessary to evaluate the spatial-temporal distribution of ESV and the sensitivity of ecosystem services to land use change in the study region. Based on the evaluation results of ESV in the Middle Yangtze River region, this paper constructed the ecological contribution model of land use change and ecosystem services sensitivity model. The results showed that:(1) The average ecosystem service value(AESV) in this region in the years of 1995, 2005 and2015 was 46244.29 yuan/hm2, 46484.08 yuan/hm2, and 46249.254 yuan/hm2, respectively, and the study region experienced a "first increase and then decrease" change process. The counties with higher AESV were mainly located in the mountainous areas; plain areas, urban agglomeration areas, Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang, and major traffic routes tended to have lower AESV; the ESV change rate presented a spatial pattern of "two horizontal and three vertical" distribution.(2) The conversion of cultivated land to forest land and cultivated land to water areas during 1995-2015 were the key factors for the improvement of regional ESV, and their ecological contribution degrees were 33.34% and 32.99%, respectively; forest land converted to cultivated land, forest land converted to construction land and cultivated land converted to construction land were important causes that induced the deterioration of the regional ecological environmental quality, and their ecological contribution degrees were 36.21%, 20.26% and 11.98%,respectively.(3) The ecosystem services sensitivity areas were mainly distributed in areas with frequent human activities, 1% increase in the integrated land use dynamics would result in 0.18%and 0.15% fluctuation in ESV in the Middle Yangtze River region during the periods of 1995-2005 and 2005-2015, respectively; the ecological sensitivity of food production, raw material production, gas regulation, soil conservation and maintenance of biological diversity increased,and the sensitivity of other ecosystem function gradually weakened during the two study periods.The results of this study can provide scientific implications for the ecological environmental protection and the continuous supply of various sub-functions of the ecosystem services in the Middle Yangtze River region.
The continuous degradation of ecosystem services is a common challenge facing human-beings, and it is the focus of global sustainable development research. The ecological environmental protection in the Middle Yangtze River region is of great significance to the construction of ecological security pattern in China. In order to deeply analyze the interference degree of land use activities to ecosystem services value(ESV) in the Middle Yangtze River region, it is necessary to evaluate the spatial-temporal distribution of ESV and the sensitivity of ecosystem services to land use change in the study region. Based on the evaluation results of ESV in the Middle Yangtze River region, this paper constructed the ecological contribution model of land use change and ecosystem services sensitivity model. The results showed that:(1) The average ecosystem service value(AESV) in this region in the years of 1995, 2005 and2015 was 46244.29 yuan/hm2, 46484.08 yuan/hm2, and 46249.254 yuan/hm2, respectively, and the study region experienced a "first increase and then decrease" change process. The counties with higher AESV were mainly located in the mountainous areas; plain areas, urban agglomeration areas, Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang, and major traffic routes tended to have lower AESV; the ESV change rate presented a spatial pattern of "two horizontal and three vertical" distribution.(2) The conversion of cultivated land to forest land and cultivated land to water areas during 1995-2015 were the key factors for the improvement of regional ESV, and their ecological contribution degrees were 33.34% and 32.99%, respectively; forest land converted to cultivated land, forest land converted to construction land and cultivated land converted to construction land were important causes that induced the deterioration of the regional ecological environmental quality, and their ecological contribution degrees were 36.21%, 20.26% and 11.98%,respectively.(3) The ecosystem services sensitivity areas were mainly distributed in areas with frequent human activities, 1% increase in the integrated land use dynamics would result in 0.18%and 0.15% fluctuation in ESV in the Middle Yangtze River region during the periods of 1995-2005 and 2005-2015, respectively; the ecological sensitivity of food production, raw material production, gas regulation, soil conservation and maintenance of biological diversity increased,and the sensitivity of other ecosystem function gradually weakened during the two study periods.The results of this study can provide scientific implications for the ecological environmental protection and the continuous supply of various sub-functions of the ecosystem services in the Middle Yangtze River region.
引文
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[2]COSTANZA R,DARGE R,DEGROOT R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[3]VITOUSEK P M,MOONEY H A,LUBCHENCO J,et al.Human domination of earth's ecosystems.Science,1997,277(5325):494-499.
[4]RIND D.Complexity and climate.Science,1999,284(5411):105-107.
[5]后立胜,蔡运龙.土地利用/覆被变化研究的实质分析与进展评述.地理科学进展,2004,23(6):96-104.[HOU L S,CAI Y L.An essential analysis and review on land use/cover change research.Progress in Geography,2004,23(6):96-104.]
[6]EHRLICH P R,EHRLICH A H.Extinction:The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species.New York,NY,USA:Random House,1981.
[7]CARROLL M,WILSON W H M.Man's Impact on the Global Environment.Cambridge,UK:MIT Press,1970.
[8]WALTER E.W.How much ere nature's services worth.Science,1999,284(5411):105-107.
[9]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法.自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.[XIE G D,ZHEN L,LU C X,et al.Expert knowledge based valuation method of ecosystem services in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919.]
[10]LAMBIN E F,TURNER B L,GEIST H J,et al.The causes of land-use and land-cover change:Moving beyond the myths.Global Environmental Change,2001,11(4):261-269.
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[14]LI Y F,ZHAN J Y,LIU Y,et al.Response of ecosystem services to land use and cover change:A case study in Chengdu city.Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2018,132:291-300.
[15]黄麟,曹巍,吴丹,等.西藏高原生态系统服务时空格局及其变化特征.自然资源学报,2016,31(4):543-555.[HUANG L,CAO W,WU D,et al.The temporal and spatial variations of ecological services in the Tibet Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(4):543-555.]
[16]LUISA MARTINEZ M,PEREZ-MAQUEO O,VAZQUEZ G,et al.Effects of land use change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical montane cloud forests of Mexico.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258(9):1856-1863.
[17]METZGER M J,ROUNSEVELL M,ACOSTA-MICHLIK L,et al.The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,114(1):69-85.
[18]陈彧,李江风,徐佳.基于GWR的湖北省社会经济因素对生态服务价值的影响.中国土地科学,2015,29(6):89-96.[CHEN Y,LI J F,XU J.The impact of socioeconomic factors on ecological service value in Hubei province:A geographically weighted regression approach.China Land Science,2015,29(6):89-96.]
[19]盛莉,金艳,黄敬峰.中国水土保持生态服务功能价值估算及其空间分布.自然资源学报,2010,25(7):1105-1113.[SHENG L,JIN Y,HUANG J F.Value estimation of conserving water and soil of ecosystem in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(7):1105-1113.]
[20]PLEXIDA S,SOLOMOU A,POIRAZIDIS K,et al.Factors affecting biodiversity in agrosylvopastoral ecosystems with in the Mediterranean Basin:A systematic review.Journal of Arid Environments,2018,151:125-133.
[21]XIONG X,GRUNWALD S,MYERS D B,et al.Interaction effects of climate and land use/land cover change on soil organic carbon sequestration.Science of the Total Environment,2014,493:974-982.
[22]唐秀美,郝星耀,刘玉,等.生态系统服务价值驱动因素与空间异质性分析.农业机械学报.2016,47(5):336-342.[TANG X M,HAO X Y,LIU Y,et al.Driving factors and spatial heterogeneity analysis of ecosystem services value.Transactions of the CSAM,2016,47(5):336-342.]
[23]姚成胜,朱鹤健,吕晞,等.土地利用变化的社会经济驱动因子对福建生态系统服务价值的影响.自然资源学报,2009,24(2):225-233.[YAO C S,ZHU H J,LYU X,et al.Study on the impact of socioeconomic driving factors of land use change on the ecosystem service values in Fujian province.Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24(2):225-233.]
[24]MANSFIELD E.Microeconomics:Theory and Applications,4thEdition.New York,NY,USA:W.W.Norton,1982.
[25]KREUTER U P,HARRIS H G,MATLOCK M D,et al.Change in ecosystem service values in the San Antonio area,Texas.Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):333-346.
[26]普拉提·莫合塔尔,海米提·依米提.土地利用变化下的生态系统服务敏感性研究:以克里雅绿洲为例.自然资源学报,2014,29(11):1849-1858.[POLAT M,HAMID Y.Ecosystem services sensitivity to land-use change:A case study of the Keriya Oasis.Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(11):1849-1858.]
[27]BERGENGREN J C,WALISER D E,YUNG Y L.Ecological sensitivity:A biospheric view of climate change.Climatic Change,2011,107:433-457.
[28]CRAMER W.Advanced terrestrial ecosystem analysis and modelling.Regional Environmental Change,2008,8(3):89-90.
[29]JAGTAP T G,KOMARPANT D S,RODRIGUES R S.Status of a seagrass ecosystem:An ecologically sensitive wetland habitat from India.Wetlands,2003,23(1):161-170.
[30]GROOT R D,BRANDER L,PLOEG S V D,et al.Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units.Ecosystem Services,2012,1(1):50-61.
[31]LI G D,FANG C L,WANG S J.Exploring spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem-service values and hot-spots in China.Science of the Total Environment,2016,545-546:609-620.
[32]LYU X,SHI Y Y,CHEN C,et al.Monitoring cropland transition and its impact on ecosystem services value in developed regions of China:A case study of Jiangsu province.Land Use Policy,2017,69:25-40.
[33]HU X S,HONG W,QIU R Z,et al.Geographic variations of ecosystem service intensity in Fuzhou city,China.Science of the Total Environment,2015,512-513:215-226.
[34]GONG J,LI J Y,YANG J X,et al.Land use and land cover change in the Qinghai Lake region of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on ecosystem services.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(7):818.
[35]姜翠红,李广泳,程滔,等.青海湖流域生态服务价值时空格局变化及其影响因子研究.资源科学,2016,38(8):1572-1584.[JIANG C H,LI G Y,CHENG T,et al.Spatial-temporal pattern variation and impact factors of ecosystem service values in the Qinghai Lake Watershed.Resources Science,2016,38(8):1572-1584.]
[36]YI L,ZHANG Z X,ZHAO X L,et al.Have changes to unused land in China improved or exacerbated its environmental quality in the past three decades?.Sustainability,2016,(8):184.
[2]COSTANZA R,DARGE R,DEGROOT R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[3]VITOUSEK P M,MOONEY H A,LUBCHENCO J,et al.Human domination of earth's ecosystems.Science,1997,277(5325):494-499.
[4]RIND D.Complexity and climate.Science,1999,284(5411):105-107.
[5]后立胜,蔡运龙.土地利用/覆被变化研究的实质分析与进展评述.地理科学进展,2004,23(6):96-104.[HOU L S,CAI Y L.An essential analysis and review on land use/cover change research.Progress in Geography,2004,23(6):96-104.]
[6]EHRLICH P R,EHRLICH A H.Extinction:The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species.New York,NY,USA:Random House,1981.
[7]CARROLL M,WILSON W H M.Man's Impact on the Global Environment.Cambridge,UK:MIT Press,1970.
[8]WALTER E.W.How much ere nature's services worth.Science,1999,284(5411):105-107.
[9]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法.自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.[XIE G D,ZHEN L,LU C X,et al.Expert knowledge based valuation method of ecosystem services in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919.]
[10]LAMBIN E F,TURNER B L,GEIST H J,et al.The causes of land-use and land-cover change:Moving beyond the myths.Global Environmental Change,2001,11(4):261-269.
[11]REID W V,MOONEY H A,CROPPER A,et al.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Synthesis.Washington DC:Island Press,2005.
[12]HAN Z,SONG W,DENG X Z.Responses of ecosystem service to land use change in Qinghai province.Energies,2016,9(4):303.
[13]史洋洋,吕晓,黄贤金,等.江苏沿海地区耕地利用转型及其生态系统服务价值变化响应.自然资源学报,2017,32(6):961-976.[SHI Y Y,LYU X,HUANG X J,et al.Arable land use transitions and its response of ecosystem services value change in Jiangsu coastal areas.Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(6):961-976.]
[14]LI Y F,ZHAN J Y,LIU Y,et al.Response of ecosystem services to land use and cover change:A case study in Chengdu city.Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2018,132:291-300.
[15]黄麟,曹巍,吴丹,等.西藏高原生态系统服务时空格局及其变化特征.自然资源学报,2016,31(4):543-555.[HUANG L,CAO W,WU D,et al.The temporal and spatial variations of ecological services in the Tibet Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(4):543-555.]
[16]LUISA MARTINEZ M,PEREZ-MAQUEO O,VAZQUEZ G,et al.Effects of land use change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical montane cloud forests of Mexico.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258(9):1856-1863.
[17]METZGER M J,ROUNSEVELL M,ACOSTA-MICHLIK L,et al.The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,114(1):69-85.
[18]陈彧,李江风,徐佳.基于GWR的湖北省社会经济因素对生态服务价值的影响.中国土地科学,2015,29(6):89-96.[CHEN Y,LI J F,XU J.The impact of socioeconomic factors on ecological service value in Hubei province:A geographically weighted regression approach.China Land Science,2015,29(6):89-96.]
[19]盛莉,金艳,黄敬峰.中国水土保持生态服务功能价值估算及其空间分布.自然资源学报,2010,25(7):1105-1113.[SHENG L,JIN Y,HUANG J F.Value estimation of conserving water and soil of ecosystem in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(7):1105-1113.]
[20]PLEXIDA S,SOLOMOU A,POIRAZIDIS K,et al.Factors affecting biodiversity in agrosylvopastoral ecosystems with in the Mediterranean Basin:A systematic review.Journal of Arid Environments,2018,151:125-133.
[21]XIONG X,GRUNWALD S,MYERS D B,et al.Interaction effects of climate and land use/land cover change on soil organic carbon sequestration.Science of the Total Environment,2014,493:974-982.
[22]唐秀美,郝星耀,刘玉,等.生态系统服务价值驱动因素与空间异质性分析.农业机械学报.2016,47(5):336-342.[TANG X M,HAO X Y,LIU Y,et al.Driving factors and spatial heterogeneity analysis of ecosystem services value.Transactions of the CSAM,2016,47(5):336-342.]
[23]姚成胜,朱鹤健,吕晞,等.土地利用变化的社会经济驱动因子对福建生态系统服务价值的影响.自然资源学报,2009,24(2):225-233.[YAO C S,ZHU H J,LYU X,et al.Study on the impact of socioeconomic driving factors of land use change on the ecosystem service values in Fujian province.Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24(2):225-233.]
[24]MANSFIELD E.Microeconomics:Theory and Applications,4thEdition.New York,NY,USA:W.W.Norton,1982.
[25]KREUTER U P,HARRIS H G,MATLOCK M D,et al.Change in ecosystem service values in the San Antonio area,Texas.Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):333-346.
[26]普拉提·莫合塔尔,海米提·依米提.土地利用变化下的生态系统服务敏感性研究:以克里雅绿洲为例.自然资源学报,2014,29(11):1849-1858.[POLAT M,HAMID Y.Ecosystem services sensitivity to land-use change:A case study of the Keriya Oasis.Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(11):1849-1858.]
[27]BERGENGREN J C,WALISER D E,YUNG Y L.Ecological sensitivity:A biospheric view of climate change.Climatic Change,2011,107:433-457.
[28]CRAMER W.Advanced terrestrial ecosystem analysis and modelling.Regional Environmental Change,2008,8(3):89-90.
[29]JAGTAP T G,KOMARPANT D S,RODRIGUES R S.Status of a seagrass ecosystem:An ecologically sensitive wetland habitat from India.Wetlands,2003,23(1):161-170.
[30]GROOT R D,BRANDER L,PLOEG S V D,et al.Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units.Ecosystem Services,2012,1(1):50-61.
[31]LI G D,FANG C L,WANG S J.Exploring spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem-service values and hot-spots in China.Science of the Total Environment,2016,545-546:609-620.
[32]LYU X,SHI Y Y,CHEN C,et al.Monitoring cropland transition and its impact on ecosystem services value in developed regions of China:A case study of Jiangsu province.Land Use Policy,2017,69:25-40.
[33]HU X S,HONG W,QIU R Z,et al.Geographic variations of ecosystem service intensity in Fuzhou city,China.Science of the Total Environment,2015,512-513:215-226.
[34]GONG J,LI J Y,YANG J X,et al.Land use and land cover change in the Qinghai Lake region of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on ecosystem services.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(7):818.
[35]姜翠红,李广泳,程滔,等.青海湖流域生态服务价值时空格局变化及其影响因子研究.资源科学,2016,38(8):1572-1584.[JIANG C H,LI G Y,CHENG T,et al.Spatial-temporal pattern variation and impact factors of ecosystem service values in the Qinghai Lake Watershed.Resources Science,2016,38(8):1572-1584.]
[36]YI L,ZHANG Z X,ZHAO X L,et al.Have changes to unused land in China improved or exacerbated its environmental quality in the past three decades?.Sustainability,2016,(8):184.